Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-80-84
O. Koshkina, T. Deniskova, N. Zinovieva
Relevance. National sheep breeding is lagging behind other branches of animal husbandry considering using of modern DNA technologies. The search for new genes — potential candidates associated with economically significant traits — is relevant for a more complete disclosure of the genetic potential of sheep. An earlier genome-wide association study showed that the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes had a certain effect on body weight of sheep at birth and at the age of 90 days. In this regard, a more detailed study of polymorphism in the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes can deepen understanding of growth and development processes in domestic sheep, so we have chosen these genes as targets for the experiment.Methods. Primers and probes were selected for amplification of a fragment with targeted SNPs in the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes with a length of 68 nucleotide pairs based on the reference DNA sequence on the 10th (NC_056063.1) and the 2nd chromosome (NC_056055.1) sheep represented in NCBI. To determine polymorphism, real-time PCR-based test systems were developed. Genotypes were determined using a multiparametric graph. The test systems were tested on 147 sheep of the southern meat breed.Results. The developed test systems for promising DGKH and PPP1R1C genes allowed to clearly determine sheep genotypes based on using the PCR-RT. All three genotypes (T/T, C/T, and C/C) were identified in the DGKH gene. No homozygous genotype (T/T) was identified in the PPP1R1C gene in the studied population. The test systems are suitable for routine DNA analysis in molecular genetic laboratories.
{"title":"Development and validation of a test system for determining the polymorphism in the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes associated with body weight of sheep","authors":"O. Koshkina, T. Deniskova, N. Zinovieva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-80-84","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. National sheep breeding is lagging behind other branches of animal husbandry considering using of modern DNA technologies. The search for new genes — potential candidates associated with economically significant traits — is relevant for a more complete disclosure of the genetic potential of sheep. An earlier genome-wide association study showed that the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes had a certain effect on body weight of sheep at birth and at the age of 90 days. In this regard, a more detailed study of polymorphism in the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes can deepen understanding of growth and development processes in domestic sheep, so we have chosen these genes as targets for the experiment.Methods. Primers and probes were selected for amplification of a fragment with targeted SNPs in the DGKH and PPP1R1C genes with a length of 68 nucleotide pairs based on the reference DNA sequence on the 10th (NC_056063.1) and the 2nd chromosome (NC_056055.1) sheep represented in NCBI. To determine polymorphism, real-time PCR-based test systems were developed. Genotypes were determined using a multiparametric graph. The test systems were tested on 147 sheep of the southern meat breed.Results. The developed test systems for promising DGKH and PPP1R1C genes allowed to clearly determine sheep genotypes based on using the PCR-RT. All three genotypes (T/T, C/T, and C/C) were identified in the DGKH gene. No homozygous genotype (T/T) was identified in the PPP1R1C gene in the studied population. The test systems are suitable for routine DNA analysis in molecular genetic laboratories.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-95-101
A. Congera, B. Mamadou, J. Nyambose, M. P. Basakin, N. Y. Rebukh, V. V. Vvedensky
Relevance. The use of phytosanitary means to ensure high and stable yields of winter wheat is one of the tasks of growing winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” in the central non-chernozem zone of the Moscow region.Methods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of various plant protection preparations on the productivity and quality of winter wheat varieties by intensity levels: basic (the purpose of using the biological potential of the variety by more than 50%), intensive (involving the use of intensive varieties and the creation of conditions for a more complete realization of their biological potential) and high–intensity (a set of measures aimed at ensuring the realization of the potential of the variety is more than 85%). Treatments included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators in various combinations and concentrations. Results. Three varieties of winter wheat were studied: Nemchinovskaya 85, Moskovskaya 40 and Moskovskaya 27. Insecticides (Picus 1.0 l/t, Danadim Power 0.6 l/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Danadim Power 0.6 l/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Vantex 60 ml/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Vincit forte 1.5 l/t and Picus 0.7 l/t + Vantex 50 ml/ha), fungicides (Impact Exclusive 0.75 l/ha, Alto Super 0.5 l/ha, Consul, CS 0.8 l/ha + Consul 1.0 l/ha and Consul, CS 0.8 l/ha), herbicides (Aton 0.06 kg/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha, Exactly Extra 35 g/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha, Tandem 0.03 kg/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha, Tandem 30 g/ha + Foxtrot Extra 0.4 l/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha and Lintur 180 g/ha) have confirmed their effectiveness. Nemchinovskaya 85 increased yield by 1.14–3.10 t/ha, Moscow 27 — by 0.64–3.62 t/ha, Moscow 40 — 0,71–3,21 t/ha.
{"title":"Effect of chemical plant protection products on yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia","authors":"A. Congera, B. Mamadou, J. Nyambose, M. P. Basakin, N. Y. Rebukh, V. V. Vvedensky","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-95-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-95-101","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The use of phytosanitary means to ensure high and stable yields of winter wheat is one of the tasks of growing winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” in the central non-chernozem zone of the Moscow region.Methods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of various plant protection preparations on the productivity and quality of winter wheat varieties by intensity levels: basic (the purpose of using the biological potential of the variety by more than 50%), intensive (involving the use of intensive varieties and the creation of conditions for a more complete realization of their biological potential) and high–intensity (a set of measures aimed at ensuring the realization of the potential of the variety is more than 85%). Treatments included fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators in various combinations and concentrations. Results. Three varieties of winter wheat were studied: Nemchinovskaya 85, Moskovskaya 40 and Moskovskaya 27. Insecticides (Picus 1.0 l/t, Danadim Power 0.6 l/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Danadim Power 0.6 l/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Vantex 60 ml/ha, Picus 1.0 l/t + Vincit forte 1.5 l/t and Picus 0.7 l/t + Vantex 50 ml/ha), fungicides (Impact Exclusive 0.75 l/ha, Alto Super 0.5 l/ha, Consul, CS 0.8 l/ha + Consul 1.0 l/ha and Consul, CS 0.8 l/ha), herbicides (Aton 0.06 kg/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha, Exactly Extra 35 g/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha, Tandem 0.03 kg/ha + Foxtrot 1.0 l/ha, Tandem 30 g/ha + Foxtrot Extra 0.4 l/ha + Agroxon 0.5 l/ha and Lintur 180 g/ha) have confirmed their effectiveness. Nemchinovskaya 85 increased yield by 1.14–3.10 t/ha, Moscow 27 — by 0.64–3.62 t/ha, Moscow 40 — 0,71–3,21 t/ha. ","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"102 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-143-150
A. Varivoda, N. Keniyz, M. Rebezov
For the first time, system analysis and system synthesis of technological flows for the production of functional food products of a new generation were applied and element-by-element flow structures were worked out on a simulation model. The information obtained is systematized in accordance with the scheme of the functional structure of the search for a technical solution and used to create operator models.For the first time, models of drinks for herodietic purposes have been developed, the technological flow has been worked out in production conditions. Information on nutritional and biological value was obtained, the safety of biologically active substances was established by the example of certain types of new beverages in the production and storage process.Regulatory documentation for herodietic drinks has been developed and approved.The creation of models and regulatory documentation for herodietic beverages, technological schemes of production and control will allow the production of herodietic products to be created at Russian enterprises. All drinks are produced in production conditions. The article presents the basic principles of the development of drinks for older generations, adequate to their needs. Formulas of multicomponent herodietic drinks based on grain and vegetable raw materials were developed using the principles of food combinatorics, oat broth was used as the basis, vegetable raw materials — carrots and pumpkin, and fruit — apples. Rationally constructed nutrition, especially for people over 60 years of age, helps to optimize the metabolic state of the body and increases the level of protection of the bodyʼs response to adverse environmental factors, therefore, the proposed beverage formulations are designed in accordance with the daily functional and physiological norm of the elderly.
{"title":"Development of scientifically based approaches to the design of specialized food products for gerodietetic nutrition","authors":"A. Varivoda, N. Keniyz, M. Rebezov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-143-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-143-150","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, system analysis and system synthesis of technological flows for the production of functional food products of a new generation were applied and element-by-element flow structures were worked out on a simulation model. The information obtained is systematized in accordance with the scheme of the functional structure of the search for a technical solution and used to create operator models.For the first time, models of drinks for herodietic purposes have been developed, the technological flow has been worked out in production conditions. Information on nutritional and biological value was obtained, the safety of biologically active substances was established by the example of certain types of new beverages in the production and storage process.Regulatory documentation for herodietic drinks has been developed and approved.The creation of models and regulatory documentation for herodietic beverages, technological schemes of production and control will allow the production of herodietic products to be created at Russian enterprises. All drinks are produced in production conditions. The article presents the basic principles of the development of drinks for older generations, adequate to their needs. Formulas of multicomponent herodietic drinks based on grain and vegetable raw materials were developed using the principles of food combinatorics, oat broth was used as the basis, vegetable raw materials — carrots and pumpkin, and fruit — apples. Rationally constructed nutrition, especially for people over 60 years of age, helps to optimize the metabolic state of the body and increases the level of protection of the bodyʼs response to adverse environmental factors, therefore, the proposed beverage formulations are designed in accordance with the daily functional and physiological norm of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-85-89
G. Svazlyan, V. S. Popov, N. M. Naumov
Relevance. An actual approach to solving the problems of improving animal health and increasing productive indicators is the development of biologically active additives based on microbial consortiums of probiotic microorganisms that synthesize active metabolites that increase the selective benefits of the beneficial microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and its biological activity in the correction of microbiocenosis and metabolism.Methods. The object of research was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% sugar beet molasses. When cultivating in molasses, probiotic microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain 1 were used. A daily culture of microorganisms was used for inoculation on a nutrient medium, which was standardized to 1 × 106 CFU/cm3.Results. It has been established that the number of probiotic microorganisms that are part of the culture liquid during the cultivation of Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii on the eighth day in a 15% molasses-based nutrient medium is 9.9 × 106 CFU/cm³. In studies during the cultivation of B. bifidum, a significant increase in the content of Histidine by 1.13 times, serine, leucine + isoleucine, methionine by 5.5–7.0 times, and other non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids was found, which indicates a significant activity of probiotic microorganisms in nutrient medium. A significant activity of the complex of microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii was determined, an increase in amino acids was found: lysine and glycine by 3.39 times, leucine + isoleucine by 1.3 times, meteonine and valine by 2.36 times, proline by 7.5 times.
{"title":"Scientific and practical aspects of the development of feed additives","authors":"G. Svazlyan, V. S. Popov, N. M. Naumov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-85-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-85-89","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. An actual approach to solving the problems of improving animal health and increasing productive indicators is the development of biologically active additives based on microbial consortiums of probiotic microorganisms that synthesize active metabolites that increase the selective benefits of the beneficial microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and its biological activity in the correction of microbiocenosis and metabolism.Methods. The object of research was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% sugar beet molasses. When cultivating in molasses, probiotic microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain 1 were used. A daily culture of microorganisms was used for inoculation on a nutrient medium, which was standardized to 1 × 106 CFU/cm3.Results. It has been established that the number of probiotic microorganisms that are part of the culture liquid during the cultivation of Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii on the eighth day in a 15% molasses-based nutrient medium is 9.9 × 106 CFU/cm³. In studies during the cultivation of B. bifidum, a significant increase in the content of Histidine by 1.13 times, serine, leucine + isoleucine, methionine by 5.5–7.0 times, and other non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids was found, which indicates a significant activity of probiotic microorganisms in nutrient medium. A significant activity of the complex of microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii was determined, an increase in amino acids was found: lysine and glycine by 3.39 times, leucine + isoleucine by 1.3 times, meteonine and valine by 2.36 times, proline by 7.5 times.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"458 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-46-52
D. Alontseva, A. E. Droshnev, E. Zavyalova
Relevance. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, corineal renal infection, Di disease), the causative agent of which is the gram–positive non-spore motionless bacterium Renibacterium.salmoninarum, is a common disease of salmon fish (Salmonidae), which causes significant damage to fish production in aquaculture and the development of the industry, as well as reduces the number of wild populations.The purpose of this review was to analyze the epizootic situation of bacterial renal disease (BKD) among wild salmon and fish populations in aquaculture on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries.The article presents information on the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation for the period 1933–2023, shows data on the spread of the disease among wild populations and farmed fish in aquaculture, describes possible transmission routes, native and suspected vectors of infection.Methods. The authors consider measures to control the growth of the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and a method of treatment, the most affordable method of controlling the spread of the disease is timely diagnosis. The article describes the methods developed for fast and effective diagnostics by the staff of the Laboratory of Ichthyopathology of the FSC VIEV: microagglutination reaction (PMA) and polymerase chain reaction in real time (real-time PCR).Results. Unlike classical bacteriological methods, these reactions allow for the indication and identification of the causative agent of BKD within 24 hours.
{"title":"Epizootic situation of bacterial kidney disease (BKD)","authors":"D. Alontseva, A. E. Droshnev, E. Zavyalova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-46-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-46-52","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, corineal renal infection, Di disease), the causative agent of which is the gram–positive non-spore motionless bacterium Renibacterium.salmoninarum, is a common disease of salmon fish (Salmonidae), which causes significant damage to fish production in aquaculture and the development of the industry, as well as reduces the number of wild populations.The purpose of this review was to analyze the epizootic situation of bacterial renal disease (BKD) among wild salmon and fish populations in aquaculture on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries.The article presents information on the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation for the period 1933–2023, shows data on the spread of the disease among wild populations and farmed fish in aquaculture, describes possible transmission routes, native and suspected vectors of infection.Methods. The authors consider measures to control the growth of the incidence of BKD in the world and on the territory of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and a method of treatment, the most affordable method of controlling the spread of the disease is timely diagnosis. The article describes the methods developed for fast and effective diagnostics by the staff of the Laboratory of Ichthyopathology of the FSC VIEV: microagglutination reaction (PMA) and polymerase chain reaction in real time (real-time PCR).Results. Unlike classical bacteriological methods, these reactions allow for the indication and identification of the causative agent of BKD within 24 hours.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-90-94
N. Buryakov, M. Buryakova, S. Shapovalov, E. V. Kornilova, D. V. Palamarchuk, A. E. Zhuravlev, S. Hatem, R. A. Donets, T. D. Altukhov
Methods. For the first time, a comprehensive calibration model has been developed and presented for the rapid determination of basic near-infrared spectroscopy (IR) methods in feed amino acids, with application in the production of animal feed. The research principle is based on the Fourier equation for spectroscopy. In this work, Fourier methods in the Italian region (FTIR, FT-NIRS) were applied. The data obtained from the calibration models were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. FT-NIR predictions agreed well with the chromatography data and had predictive deviation (RPD) values >1.3 in all cases.Results. The results indicate that FT-NIR spectroscopy can be used as a simple and rapid tool for monitoring amino acids. In the course of the work, experimental confirmation of previously known facts was obtained — the possibility of visual separation of the spectra of not only counterfeit amino acids, but also the possibility of separation by L- and DL-optical isomers. The work shows that the discrepancies between the values obtained by the classical “wet chemistry” method and the values obtained from the constructed calibration models do not exceed the reproducibility limits of arbitration methods. A predictive model was used based on information flow elements using the OPUS/QUANT2 software package for multivariate calibration and construction of calibration models for amino acids. This chemometric analysis proved the fundamental possibility of determining amino acids in the product. It has been shown that the use of information channels opens up opportunities for the use of many chemometrics algorithms, including data preprocessing and the construction of predictive models.
{"title":"Application of near infrared spectroscopy for identification and quantitative determination of amino acids in their crystalline and salt forms in the preparation of animal feed","authors":"N. Buryakov, M. Buryakova, S. Shapovalov, E. V. Kornilova, D. V. Palamarchuk, A. E. Zhuravlev, S. Hatem, R. A. Donets, T. D. Altukhov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-90-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-90-94","url":null,"abstract":"Methods. For the first time, a comprehensive calibration model has been developed and presented for the rapid determination of basic near-infrared spectroscopy (IR) methods in feed amino acids, with application in the production of animal feed. The research principle is based on the Fourier equation for spectroscopy. In this work, Fourier methods in the Italian region (FTIR, FT-NIRS) were applied. The data obtained from the calibration models were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. FT-NIR predictions agreed well with the chromatography data and had predictive deviation (RPD) values >1.3 in all cases.Results. The results indicate that FT-NIR spectroscopy can be used as a simple and rapid tool for monitoring amino acids. In the course of the work, experimental confirmation of previously known facts was obtained — the possibility of visual separation of the spectra of not only counterfeit amino acids, but also the possibility of separation by L- and DL-optical isomers. The work shows that the discrepancies between the values obtained by the classical “wet chemistry” method and the values obtained from the constructed calibration models do not exceed the reproducibility limits of arbitration methods. A predictive model was used based on information flow elements using the OPUS/QUANT2 software package for multivariate calibration and construction of calibration models for amino acids. This chemometric analysis proved the fundamental possibility of determining amino acids in the product. It has been shown that the use of information channels opens up opportunities for the use of many chemometrics algorithms, including data preprocessing and the construction of predictive models.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"201 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-129-137
R. Kazakhmedov, V. S. Petrov, A. K. Agakhanov, T. I. Abdullaeva
Relevance. The transition to a grafted grape culture solved the problem of saving viticulture from phylloxera, however, the shortcomings of the grafted culture indicate that the problem has not been completely solved. The article substantiates the importance and possibility of maintaining a root culture of phylloxeratolerant varieties based on the development of innovative methodology and technological foundations for the creation and operation of intensive root plantations using scientifically based biotechnological and physiological methods against the background of phylloxera infection. Hypotheses are proposed and experimental data are presented confirming the possibility of forming root-related plantings of tolerant grape varieties in accordance with the biological characteristics of the grape plant. It has been established that the laying of new plantings with root-related cuttings of phylloxera-tolerant varieties in a permanent place using physiologically active compounds, meets the biology of the grape plant, promotes better plant development, accelerates the onset of fruiting and increases the fruitfulness of bushes, in comparison with traditional technology.
{"title":"New scientific and methodological approaches to the laying of root-related plantings of grapes","authors":"R. Kazakhmedov, V. S. Petrov, A. K. Agakhanov, T. I. Abdullaeva","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-129-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-129-137","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The transition to a grafted grape culture solved the problem of saving viticulture from phylloxera, however, the shortcomings of the grafted culture indicate that the problem has not been completely solved. The article substantiates the importance and possibility of maintaining a root culture of phylloxeratolerant varieties based on the development of innovative methodology and technological foundations for the creation and operation of intensive root plantations using scientifically based biotechnological and physiological methods against the background of phylloxera infection. Hypotheses are proposed and experimental data are presented confirming the possibility of forming root-related plantings of tolerant grape varieties in accordance with the biological characteristics of the grape plant. It has been established that the laying of new plantings with root-related cuttings of phylloxera-tolerant varieties in a permanent place using physiologically active compounds, meets the biology of the grape plant, promotes better plant development, accelerates the onset of fruiting and increases the fruitfulness of bushes, in comparison with traditional technology. ","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-124-128
R. R. Safina, R. V. Okunev, G. R. Rakhmanova, K. Garafutdinova
Relevance. The study of the effect of preparations containing amino acids on the accumulation of free amino acids in plants is relevant in assessing their regulatory and anti-stress effects.Methods. A laboratory experiment was carried out in 2020 on tomato plants of the Betta variety. Gray forest medium loamy soil was used as a substrate. The experiment was performed on soil with different salinity — a) control (the soil is not saline), b) saline soil (50 mmol/kg NaCl), c) saline soil (100 mmol/kg NaCl), using three feeding options: without top dressing, top dressing with “Sodium Glutamate”, top dressing with “Aminozol”. Amino acids were extracted from the roots and aboveground parts of plants in the vegetative growth phase with a mixture of “ethanol + chloroform + water” (12:5:2) and the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pre-columnar derivatization of amino acids with phenylisothiocyanate was used. Results. Soil salinization with sodium chloride caused an increase in the amount of free amino acids in tomato seedlings. The total amino acid content increased to 849.8 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 606.9 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl) compared to the control soil (385.3 µg/kg). Salinity contributed to the accumulation of serine (from 50.4 to 414.4 µg/kg) in seedlings. Treatment with preparations (“Monosodium glutamate” and “Aminozol”) affected the accumulation of a number of amino acids responsible for plant stress resistance. Supplementation with monosodium glutamate increased the total amino acid concentration to 1146.6 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 1017.7 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl) compared to the corresponding variants without supplementation. At the same time, the content of glutamic (up to 188.3 and 425.1 µg/kg) and aspartic (up to 50.8 and 198.7 µg/kg) acids increased. “Aminosol” contributed to an increase in the amount of amino acids to 1834.2 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 934.4 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl), respectively.
{"title":"The content of amino acids in tomato plants when using the preparations “Monosodium Glutamate” and “Aminozol” in conditions of salt stress","authors":"R. R. Safina, R. V. Okunev, G. R. Rakhmanova, K. Garafutdinova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-124-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-124-128","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The study of the effect of preparations containing amino acids on the accumulation of free amino acids in plants is relevant in assessing their regulatory and anti-stress effects.Methods. A laboratory experiment was carried out in 2020 on tomato plants of the Betta variety. Gray forest medium loamy soil was used as a substrate. The experiment was performed on soil with different salinity — a) control (the soil is not saline), b) saline soil (50 mmol/kg NaCl), c) saline soil (100 mmol/kg NaCl), using three feeding options: without top dressing, top dressing with “Sodium Glutamate”, top dressing with “Aminozol”. Amino acids were extracted from the roots and aboveground parts of plants in the vegetative growth phase with a mixture of “ethanol + chloroform + water” (12:5:2) and the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pre-columnar derivatization of amino acids with phenylisothiocyanate was used. Results. Soil salinization with sodium chloride caused an increase in the amount of free amino acids in tomato seedlings. The total amino acid content increased to 849.8 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 606.9 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl) compared to the control soil (385.3 µg/kg). Salinity contributed to the accumulation of serine (from 50.4 to 414.4 µg/kg) in seedlings. Treatment with preparations (“Monosodium glutamate” and “Aminozol”) affected the accumulation of a number of amino acids responsible for plant stress resistance. Supplementation with monosodium glutamate increased the total amino acid concentration to 1146.6 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 1017.7 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl) compared to the corresponding variants without supplementation. At the same time, the content of glutamic (up to 188.3 and 425.1 µg/kg) and aspartic (up to 50.8 and 198.7 µg/kg) acids increased. “Aminosol” contributed to an increase in the amount of amino acids to 1834.2 µg/kg (50 mmol/kg NaCl) and 934.4 µg/kg (100 mmol/kg NaCl), respectively. ","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-151-156
A. Bazhenova
Marshmallows are a popular confectionery among consumers. There is a high interest in the need to develop and change production technologies. One of the ways to expand the range of marshmallows is the use of glaze, which gives the products a special taste and aroma, protects the products from harmful effects that cause damage to the product. During storage, products coated with glaze made using lauric-type cocoa butter substitutes are prone to lipolytic spoilage with the appearance of an unpleasant soapy taste. The conducted studies have confirmed that the layer at the phase boundary between the glaze and the marshmallow mass is a source of contamination by mold fungi due to favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. It is shown that as the temperature increases, the amount of CMAFAnM in glazed marshmallows decreases from 2.1 × 102 CFU/g to 80 CFU/g, and the amount of mold increases from 130 to 170 CFU/g. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of glazed whipped products, it is necessary to increase the requirements for the initial microbiological contamination of raw materials, storage conditions, and transportation. In addition, it is necessary to consider the possibility of introducing moisture-retaining components into the formulation to reduce the growth rate of microbiota in products.
{"title":"Microbiological factors for ensuring the safety of confectionery products of a foamy structure","authors":"A. Bazhenova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-151-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-151-156","url":null,"abstract":"Marshmallows are a popular confectionery among consumers. There is a high interest in the need to develop and change production technologies. One of the ways to expand the range of marshmallows is the use of glaze, which gives the products a special taste and aroma, protects the products from harmful effects that cause damage to the product. During storage, products coated with glaze made using lauric-type cocoa butter substitutes are prone to lipolytic spoilage with the appearance of an unpleasant soapy taste. The conducted studies have confirmed that the layer at the phase boundary between the glaze and the marshmallow mass is a source of contamination by mold fungi due to favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. It is shown that as the temperature increases, the amount of CMAFAnM in glazed marshmallows decreases from 2.1 × 102 CFU/g to 80 CFU/g, and the amount of mold increases from 130 to 170 CFU/g. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of glazed whipped products, it is necessary to increase the requirements for the initial microbiological contamination of raw materials, storage conditions, and transportation. In addition, it is necessary to consider the possibility of introducing moisture-retaining components into the formulation to reduce the growth rate of microbiota in products. ","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"112 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-53-57
A. Nefedov, V. I. Lutsai, S. Y. Kontsevaya, A. A. Rudenko
Relevance. Equine laminitis is a multi-organ disease that can affect important systems of the horse’s body in the most neglected cases, but most often the hooves are affected, which in turn affects the economic component of the owner of the sick animal.Methods. The work was performed on two groups of horses. The first group included clinically healthy horses, the second group had clinical signs of laminitis. Blood for tests was taken in compliance with a starvation diet and the rules of asepsis and antiseptics from the jugular. The calculation of the leukocyte formula was carried out manually. The results were systematically evaluated and compared with each other to calculate the percentage ratio.Results. It was found that with laminitis there is a significant change in the cellular composition of the blood, in horses of the experimental group there is an increase in leukocytes (by about 302.5%), which may be associated with an inflammatory process in the body that triggers the active production of lymphocytes into the bloodstream. There is also an increase in segmented neutrophils when calculating the leukocyte formula (by 41.52%). This change is most likely caused by traumatic damage to the sole of the hoof. In this case, the increase in segmented neutrophils will be influenced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hormone that stimulates the production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow.
{"title":"Changes in the cellular composition of blood in horses in acute laminitis","authors":"A. Nefedov, V. I. Lutsai, S. Y. Kontsevaya, A. A. Rudenko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-53-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-377-12-53-57","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Equine laminitis is a multi-organ disease that can affect important systems of the horse’s body in the most neglected cases, but most often the hooves are affected, which in turn affects the economic component of the owner of the sick animal.Methods. The work was performed on two groups of horses. The first group included clinically healthy horses, the second group had clinical signs of laminitis. Blood for tests was taken in compliance with a starvation diet and the rules of asepsis and antiseptics from the jugular. The calculation of the leukocyte formula was carried out manually. The results were systematically evaluated and compared with each other to calculate the percentage ratio.Results. It was found that with laminitis there is a significant change in the cellular composition of the blood, in horses of the experimental group there is an increase in leukocytes (by about 302.5%), which may be associated with an inflammatory process in the body that triggers the active production of lymphocytes into the bloodstream. There is also an increase in segmented neutrophils when calculating the leukocyte formula (by 41.52%). This change is most likely caused by traumatic damage to the sole of the hoof. In this case, the increase in segmented neutrophils will be influenced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hormone that stimulates the production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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