Reproduction and breeding最新文献

The present study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters for direct and maternal influences on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and postweaning weight (PW) of Texel sheep, raised in an extensive system from Brazil. Data file used in this study consisted of 834 body weight records of 834 Texel lambs (376 males and 458 females) born from 2020 to 2021, offspring of 475 ewes and 45 rams. Multivariate animal model was conducted to estimate the variance components, heritability and genetic correlations using the restricted maximum likelihood method in ASReml-R software, while the effects of fixed factors were analyzed by the general linear model procedure of statistical analysis system. Five different animal models, with or without maternal genetic effect, maternal permanent environment effect and covariance between additive genetic and maternal genetic effects, were fitted on the growth traits data of the Texel sheep population. AIC and BIC test results were used to evaluate the best fit models for growth traits. The effect of lamb's sex was significant on BW, WW and PW while birth type and year of lambing effects were on all traits (P < 0.05). Model 4, incorporating direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects showed the minimum AIC estimate for all growth traits. The direct additive genetic heritability for BW, WW and PW were 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.37 ± 0.05 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively and maternal heritability for these traits were 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.00 ± 0.00, respectively. The total heritability estimates for BW, WW and PW were 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.39 ± 0.05 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively. The estimates of the direct additive genetic correlation between BW-WW, BW-PW and WW-PW were 0.68 ± 0.12, 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.78 ± 0.07, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental correlation between BW-WW, BW-PW and WW-PW were 0.38 ± 0.27, 0.29 ± 0.20 and 0.74 ± 0.16, respectively. Phenotypic correlation ranged from 0.43 ± 0.03 to 0.75 ± 0.02. It is concluded that due to the existence of genetic variation for BB, WW and PW and strong genetic correlation among them, genetic progress for these traits is possible by selection in Texel sheep from Brazil.

The hybrid of female white crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri, WCC) × male red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var. RCC) (WR), combines desirable characteristics of both parents, including tender meat, rapid growth rate, and strong resistance. To test the hypoxia tolerance of WR, an experiment of exposure to hypoxic conditions was conducted on WR, RCC, and WCC. The results showed that WR and RCC exhibited stronger hypoxia tolerance capacity compared to WCC. The strong resistance to hypoxia of WR and RCC was manifested by the absence of damage to the hepatopancreas after hypoxia, and the fish can adapt to the hypoxic environment by enhancing the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic tissue, remodeling gill morphology, and activating the antioxidant system. By contrast, after hypoxia, the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of WCC decreased, and the hepatopancreas was seriously damaged, indicating that the WCC is not as tolerant to low oxygen conditions as RCC and WR.

There is a considerable interest in supplementing fish diets with bio-functional substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and research is being conducted to evaluate their effects on fish physiology, particularly on breeding performances. The objective of this study was to find out how squid-derived lipids (PUFAs) influence the Rohu carp, Labeo rohita, in terms of reproduction, and embryonic and larval growth. The experimental fish were provided with formulated diet for a duration of 90 days, containing 1 % squid-extracted lipids as a primary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). To determine the accuracy of the formulation, a proximate analysis of the feed ingredients and the formulated feeds were conducted. The results demonstrated remarkable reproductive outcomes during the spawning trial. Observations in fish treated with PUFAs revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in sperm quality and viability, despite spawning occurring late in the breeding season. In addition, the fertilization rate (92.27 ± 1.74), hatching rate (89.33 ± 1.76), and survival rate (85.83 ± 1.74) of the offspring exhibited a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) when subjected to PUFAs treatment in L. rohita. Consequently, the treated fish exhibited enhanced early embryonic and larval development in comparison to the control group. Hence, the current study demonstrates that the inclusion of PUFAs in the diet of Rohu carp leads to improved maturation, breeding, and developmental outcomes, specifically in terms of embryonic development and organogenesis.

The current study aimed to detect the genetic variability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome B (CYTB) gene in 80 native Egyptian rabbits (NER) belonging to three populations in three different agriculture regions (Delta, Middle, and Upper Egypt) and also investigate the origin of these breeds by phylogenetic relationship analysis. A total of 62 haplotypes were recorded among the three NER populations. The native Upper Egypt rabbits (NUER) expressed the highest number of haplotypes, mutations, polymorphic sites, and haplotype diversity (23, 55, 51, and 1.00, respectively). While it gave the lowest values of nucleotide diversity (0.0262) and Tajima's D (−0.01435), the percentage of mutual haplotypes was 4.8 % between the Middle and Delta Egypt populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that there were more separated haplotypes of NUER compared to other populations. The same finding was also observed when supported by 31 sequences of different rabbit breeds retrieved from the GeneBank database. A mutual haplotype was observed between native Delta Egyptian rabbits (NDER) and New Zealand (NWZ) rabbits. The results of this study shed light on the importance of indigenous breeds in rural areas through mtDNA, which contributes to finding sustainable strategies to conserve and improve genetic resources in Egyptian rural areas.

Acupuncture, moxibustion, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have demonstrated good effects in treating refractory gynecological infertility. This case involved an advanced-stage patient diagnosed with an infantile uterus and categorized as having primary infertility. An in vitro fertilization (IVF) center initially declined treatment, suggesting adoption as an alternative. After six months of acupuncture, moxibustion, and Chinese herbal therapy, the patient achieved a successful pregnancy. She subsequently gave birth to a healthy baby boy via caesarean section at full term. The combined use of acupuncture and TCM significantly improved the constitution of this patient with an infantile uterus.

The hybrids (BY) derived from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, BSB, ♀) and Bleeker's yellow tai (Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, YT, ♂) have a fast growth rate and body thickness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth advantage of BY are still unclear. MSTN, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development. MYOD, a member of the myogenic regulatory factor family (MRFs), is a positive regulator of muscle growth and development. MSTN and MYOD interact to co-regulate muscle growth and development. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNAs of mstn and myod in BY, analyzed differential expression of the two genes in muscle of BY and its parents, and observed the localization of the two genes during embryonic development of BY. Multiple sequence alignment of amino acids and phylogenetic analysis showed that mstn and myod were highly conserved in BY, BSB, YT, and other carp family fishes. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that mstn and myod were primarily expressed in muscle of BY, and there were significant differences in the expression of the two genes in the red and white muscles of BY, BSB, and YT at different age. The results of in situ hybridization of embryos showed an overlap in the temporal and spatial expression of mstn and myod in BY embryo development, suggesting that the two genes might interact to co-regulate embryo growth and development. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanisms of mstn and myod in muscle growth of hybrid fishes.

Grass carp was an important economic fish for freshwater aquaculture. The exploring and utilization of high-quality grass carp germplasm resources were important for ensuring a domestic supply of high-quality aquatic protein. However, natural grass carp populations in China were facing severe threats because of the effects of frequent human activities, water environment damage, overfishing, etc. Against this background, high-quality grass carp germplasm resources were the foundation for the healthy and sustainable development of the grass carp aquaculture industry, so systematic collection, preservation, identification, evaluation, protection, and utilization of them carry great strategic importance. This paper summarizes major research results of grass carp in morphology, cytogenetics, molecular population genetics, etc. It not only introduced genetic improvement techniques such as gynogenesis, hybrid breeding, and polyploid breeding, but also discussed the existing research on the protection measures of grass carp germplasm resources. On this basis, the paper proposed new methods to improve the protection of grass carp germplasm and create improved varieties, which could provide high-quality resources for the sustainable development of the grass carp industry.

Sexual selection is critical to animal reproduction. Mate choice not only determines an individual's capacity for reproduction but is also the primary mode of selection in sexual selection. Mate choice behavior relies on social information, and animals can extract useful information (e.g., genetic quality, hormone levels, physiological status, habitat) about potential mates based on morphological and behavioral traits they observe or perceive and can modify their mate choice strategy by detecting and integrating this information. The information conveyed by potential mates is multimodal. This paper synthesizes the effects of several factors, including individual biological characteristics, sensory systems, hormones and genotype on mate choice, demonstrating that mate choice preferences in the traditional sense are generally more favorable for individuals with superior genes and phenotypes. And the paper also explores the limitations of these studies on mate choice and proposes the future major trend of the correlational research in this field. This work will provide helpful information for guiding the subsequent studies of mate choice in animals.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological variations among collections of okra landraces in order to improve local varieties in Palestine. Eighteen okra accessions from various locations in the West-Bank region were evaluated for morphological variation. Different sixteen morphological traits were used for okra collection evaluation. The results revealed significant differences in seed color, leaf rib color, stem color, branching patterns, and fruit characteristics. Cluster and similarity analysis classified into two main clusters (I and II) with further sub-clusters. Genetic proximity did not strictly align with geographical boundaries, suggesting that factors beyond location influence genetic similarity. Cluster I exhibited greater diversity, with sub-clusters hinting at potential local adaptation. In contrast, Cluster II was smaller and less diverse, implying potentially distinct genetic origins. These findings provide insights for breeding strategies and germplasm conservation.

An investigation was conducted at the Horticulture field Invertis University, Bareilly with a study “Impact of NPK, FYM and Vermicompost on growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)” during rabi season (2022–23). The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the all different eight treatments, the treatment T₆ (75 % RDF+25% Vermicompost) was recorded significantly maximum plant height (15.56 cm), number of leaves (11.60), leaf length (11.29 cm), leaf width (5.90 cm), leaf fresh weight per plant (135.50 g), root fresh weight per plant (94.30 g) and Yield (23100 kg/ha), Yield (23.10 t/ha) of radish tender roots after harvesting were also recorded maximum with the treatment T_6.