Reproduction and breeding最新文献

Rice cultivation is crucial in providing global food needs, particularly in highland areas with distinct environmental conditions. Adapting promising rice lines suitable for highland ecosystems is essential to ensure sustainable rice production in such regions. This study assesses the agronomic performance, heritability, and correlation of traits in new promising rice lines adapted to highland ecosystems. The latest promising rice lines are designed with the unique environmental conditions of highland regions in mind. This research was conducted in Buntu Barana’ Village, Tikala Sub-district, with an elevation of 858.4 m above sea level. The study was carried out in rain-fed semi-irrigated paddy fields. The research was conducted from May 2023 to January 2024. The research methodology involves testing various agronomic traits for yield production components of the new type of promising rice lines at different highland locations. The research procedures included the selection of viable seed strains, seeding, fertilization, balanced irrigation, control of plant pest organisms, harvesting, and post-harvesting. Evaluated agronomic traits encompass plant height, days to maturity, number of productive tillers, length of panicles, number of filled grains per panicle, and grain yield. Additionally, heritability analysis is performed to assess the extent to which observed trait variations are attributed to genetic factors. Research findings reveal significant variations in agronomic traits among the new type of promising rice lines. The highest grain yield is achieved in genotype UKIT102-2-056, which is 8.3 tons per hectare of paddy rice. These lines exhibit objective adaptation to the highland ecosystem, with some lines demonstrating superior performance in specific parameters, especially early maturity, namely 97 days after planting. Heritability analysis indicates that certain traits have high heritability levels, suggesting a significant role of genetic factors in controlling these traits. Furthermore, this study unveils correlation patterns among the observed agronomic traits. Significant positive and negative correlations among several traits indicate complex interrelationships among these agronomic characteristics. These findings offer further insights into the relationships between these traits and can be utilized to develop more adaptive rice lines in highland environments.

The phenomenon of fluctuating chili prices can be resolved in stages, one of which is through multiple crosses. However, this cross requires precise methods in the evaluation and selection process, especially regarding fruit characteristics. Image-based phenotyping 4.0 approaches can increase the potential precision of such evaluation genotypes, especially when this approach is combined with multivariate analysis. Therefore, both methods are needed to evaluate and select these cayenne multiple crosses. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of multivariate analysis and image-based explanatory characteristics of fruit phenotypes and to select multiple crosses that can continue to the F2 generation. The research was designed with a randomized complete block design of ten F1 multiple cross-genotypes and four check varieties. Each genotype was repeated three times, so there were 42 experimental units. Based on the results, multivariate was considered adequate in determining image explanatory characters based on fruit phenotype and genotype mapping of the population diversity of multiple crosses of cayenne pepper. The characteristics of fruit height, fruit area, and fruit Intden are image-based explanatory characters that can map the completeness of cayenne pepper fruit between multiple crosses well. This indicates that image-based phenotyping and multivariate analysis can provide more detailed image information of the potential of cayenne fruit from multiple crosses than just based on fruit weight. Therefore, both approaches are recommended for analyzing cayenne paper fruit potential, especially for multiple crosses. In addition, three crosses (MC4, MC8, and MC9) are optimal for the next generation to be recommended and continued.

The Hefang crucian carp (HFJ) derived from Carassius cuvieri (♀) × C. auratus red var. (♂) and the crucian carp-like homodiploid fish (NCRC) derived from Cyprinus carpio (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (♂) are important germplasm resources of crucian carp. To investigate the population characteristics and reveal the current genetic situations of these hybrid varieties, we sequenced one nuclear molecular marker transferrin (Tf) among six Carassius populations, which included two hybrid varieties (HFJ and NCRC), one laboratory variety (red crucian carp, RCC) and three wild populations. A total of 166 distinct Tf alleles (A1∼A166) were identified, with sequence lengths ranging from 1145 bp to 1244 bp. Unexpectedly, the nucleotide diversity of Tf alleles in cultured populations (HFJ, NCRC, and RCC) exceeded that of wild populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction analysis results showed that HFJ and C. cuvieri were closely related, but they could not be separated from C. auratus. Besides, while most Tf alleles of NCRC and other Carassius populations were intermixed in five clades, two Tf alleles, together with Cy. carpio, formed a distinct monophyletic clade. Moreover, network and genetic structure analyses failed to distinguish between wild and cultured populations. Although AMOVA analysis based on Tf alleles indicated genetic differentiation among all six populations, the majority of the genetic variation (92.00 %) was observed within populations. Furthermore, the population dynamics analysis suggested that these populations have maintained relative stability in recent history. Therefore, the elevated nucleotide diversity of Tf alleles in cultured populations, the ambiguous population structure, and the limited genetic divergence among the six Carassius populations highlighted the hybrid genetic characteristics of HFJ and NCRC. These findings, based on Tf alleles, differ from the results obtained using mitochondrial gene markers, providing an alternative perspective for germplasm evaluation of hybrid varieties and crucian carp breeding.

The use of herbal bio-actives and phyto-contents to increase livestock productivity is a revived interest in veterinary research. The effect of wild strawberry {Fragaria vesca (FV)} pulp extract (PE) as antioxidant supplement in bovine semen cryopreservation diluent was explored. The experiment involved three fertile bulls. Three semen ejaculates per animal were collected. Each sample was diluted with Semen Transportation Diluent (STD) in 1:2 ratio. The (semen + STD) sample was vortexed and centrifuged (at 32g for 15 min) to remove 50 % supernatant. The remaining sample was re-diluted with semen cryopreservation diluent (SCD) in the ratio 1:4. Three aliquots of 0.3 ml were set aside from each (semen + STD + SCD) sample and were further treated with; 1: 0.7 mL of SCD (SCD group); 2: 0.7 mL SCD and 0.8 % FV-PE (FV-PE 0.8) and; 3: 0.7 mL SCD and 1.6 % FV-PE (FV-PE 1.6). Sperm quality parameters were evaluated before and after 48 h of cryopreservation. Results showed significantly enhanced mean percentage of sperm viability, progressive motility, velocity and fertilizability in FV-PE 0.8 and FV-PE 1.6 groups as compared with SCD group. The findings propose the protective and ameliorative potential of FV-PE for cryopreserved bovine sperms.

The present study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters for direct and maternal influences on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and postweaning weight (PW) of Texel sheep, raised in an extensive system from Brazil. Data file used in this study consisted of 834 body weight records of 834 Texel lambs (376 males and 458 females) born from 2020 to 2021, offspring of 475 ewes and 45 rams. Multivariate animal model was conducted to estimate the variance components, heritability and genetic correlations using the restricted maximum likelihood method in ASReml-R software, while the effects of fixed factors were analyzed by the general linear model procedure of statistical analysis system. Five different animal models, with or without maternal genetic effect, maternal permanent environment effect and covariance between additive genetic and maternal genetic effects, were fitted on the growth traits data of the Texel sheep population. AIC and BIC test results were used to evaluate the best fit models for growth traits. The effect of lamb's sex was significant on BW, WW and PW while birth type and year of lambing effects were on all traits (P < 0.05). Model 4, incorporating direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects showed the minimum AIC estimate for all growth traits. The direct additive genetic heritability for BW, WW and PW were 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.37 ± 0.05 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively and maternal heritability for these traits were 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.00 ± 0.00, respectively. The total heritability estimates for BW, WW and PW were 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.39 ± 0.05 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively. The estimates of the direct additive genetic correlation between BW-WW, BW-PW and WW-PW were 0.68 ± 0.12, 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.78 ± 0.07, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental correlation between BW-WW, BW-PW and WW-PW were 0.38 ± 0.27, 0.29 ± 0.20 and 0.74 ± 0.16, respectively. Phenotypic correlation ranged from 0.43 ± 0.03 to 0.75 ± 0.02. It is concluded that due to the existence of genetic variation for BB, WW and PW and strong genetic correlation among them, genetic progress for these traits is possible by selection in Texel sheep from Brazil.

The hybrid of female white crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri, WCC) × male red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var. RCC) (WR), combines desirable characteristics of both parents, including tender meat, rapid growth rate, and strong resistance. To test the hypoxia tolerance of WR, an experiment of exposure to hypoxic conditions was conducted on WR, RCC, and WCC. The results showed that WR and RCC exhibited stronger hypoxia tolerance capacity compared to WCC. The strong resistance to hypoxia of WR and RCC was manifested by the absence of damage to the hepatopancreas after hypoxia, and the fish can adapt to the hypoxic environment by enhancing the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic tissue, remodeling gill morphology, and activating the antioxidant system. By contrast, after hypoxia, the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of WCC decreased, and the hepatopancreas was seriously damaged, indicating that the WCC is not as tolerant to low oxygen conditions as RCC and WR.

There is a considerable interest in supplementing fish diets with bio-functional substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and research is being conducted to evaluate their effects on fish physiology, particularly on breeding performances. The objective of this study was to find out how squid-derived lipids (PUFAs) influence the Rohu carp, Labeo rohita, in terms of reproduction, and embryonic and larval growth. The experimental fish were provided with formulated diet for a duration of 90 days, containing 1 % squid-extracted lipids as a primary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). To determine the accuracy of the formulation, a proximate analysis of the feed ingredients and the formulated feeds were conducted. The results demonstrated remarkable reproductive outcomes during the spawning trial. Observations in fish treated with PUFAs revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in sperm quality and viability, despite spawning occurring late in the breeding season. In addition, the fertilization rate (92.27 ± 1.74), hatching rate (89.33 ± 1.76), and survival rate (85.83 ± 1.74) of the offspring exhibited a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) when subjected to PUFAs treatment in L. rohita. Consequently, the treated fish exhibited enhanced early embryonic and larval development in comparison to the control group. Hence, the current study demonstrates that the inclusion of PUFAs in the diet of Rohu carp leads to improved maturation, breeding, and developmental outcomes, specifically in terms of embryonic development and organogenesis.

The current study aimed to detect the genetic variability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome B (CYTB) gene in 80 native Egyptian rabbits (NER) belonging to three populations in three different agriculture regions (Delta, Middle, and Upper Egypt) and also investigate the origin of these breeds by phylogenetic relationship analysis. A total of 62 haplotypes were recorded among the three NER populations. The native Upper Egypt rabbits (NUER) expressed the highest number of haplotypes, mutations, polymorphic sites, and haplotype diversity (23, 55, 51, and 1.00, respectively). While it gave the lowest values of nucleotide diversity (0.0262) and Tajima's D (−0.01435), the percentage of mutual haplotypes was 4.8 % between the Middle and Delta Egypt populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that there were more separated haplotypes of NUER compared to other populations. The same finding was also observed when supported by 31 sequences of different rabbit breeds retrieved from the GeneBank database. A mutual haplotype was observed between native Delta Egyptian rabbits (NDER) and New Zealand (NWZ) rabbits. The results of this study shed light on the importance of indigenous breeds in rural areas through mtDNA, which contributes to finding sustainable strategies to conserve and improve genetic resources in Egyptian rural areas.

Acupuncture, moxibustion, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have demonstrated good effects in treating refractory gynecological infertility. This case involved an advanced-stage patient diagnosed with an infantile uterus and categorized as having primary infertility. An in vitro fertilization (IVF) center initially declined treatment, suggesting adoption as an alternative. After six months of acupuncture, moxibustion, and Chinese herbal therapy, the patient achieved a successful pregnancy. She subsequently gave birth to a healthy baby boy via caesarean section at full term. The combined use of acupuncture and TCM significantly improved the constitution of this patient with an infantile uterus.

The hybrids (BY) derived from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, BSB, ♀) and Bleeker's yellow tai (Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, YT, ♂) have a fast growth rate and body thickness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth advantage of BY are still unclear. MSTN, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development. MYOD, a member of the myogenic regulatory factor family (MRFs), is a positive regulator of muscle growth and development. MSTN and MYOD interact to co-regulate muscle growth and development. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNAs of mstn and myod in BY, analyzed differential expression of the two genes in muscle of BY and its parents, and observed the localization of the two genes during embryonic development of BY. Multiple sequence alignment of amino acids and phylogenetic analysis showed that mstn and myod were highly conserved in BY, BSB, YT, and other carp family fishes. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that mstn and myod were primarily expressed in muscle of BY, and there were significant differences in the expression of the two genes in the red and white muscles of BY, BSB, and YT at different age. The results of in situ hybridization of embryos showed an overlap in the temporal and spatial expression of mstn and myod in BY embryo development, suggesting that the two genes might interact to co-regulate embryo growth and development. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanisms of mstn and myod in muscle growth of hybrid fishes.