Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.17
Taliila Garamu Urgessaa
{"title":"Effects of Blended Fertilizer Type and Rates of Application on Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum var. durum</i>) in Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Taliila Garamu Urgessaa","doi":"10.11648/j.aff.20221101.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91443543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20221103.13
S. Ajijola, Bolarin Titus Omonona, Taiwo Timothy Awoyemi
{"title":"Non-inclusive Growth Among Rural Households in Nigeria: A Micro Level Analysis of Income Growth and Equitable Distribution of Resources","authors":"S. Ajijola, Bolarin Titus Omonona, Taiwo Timothy Awoyemi","doi":"10.11648/j.aff.20221103.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221103.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83575869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211006.12
T. Tadesse, A. Tekalign, Belay Asmare
The presence of significant G*E for quantitative traits such as yield can seriously limit the feasibility of selecting superior genotypes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate grain yield stability and genotype X environment interaction for fifteen Ethiopian Mustard genotypes (Brassica carinata A. Braun) conducted in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years (2018 to 2020) at two locations, Sinana and Agarfa. Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was used. The combined analysis of variance for grain yield indicated highly significant interaction (P<0.01%) for genotypes, genotype X environment interaction, and environment. The analysis of variance for AMMI for grain yield revealed highly significant interaction for genotypes, genotypes X environment interaction, and environment. It was observed that 44.84% of the variation in grain yield was accounted by environment, 37.54% for genotypes by environments, and, 17.62% was for genotypes. The first and the second IPCA components with degree freedom of 34 was accounted for 67.64% of the interaction effect and revealed the two models were fit. Genotype G12, G11, G8, and G1 showed the lowest AMMI Stability Value (ASV) indicating stability. Furthermore, Genotypes G11, G12, G5, and G8 have the lowest GSI value indicating high stability. However, out of these genotypes, G11 showed a high mean grain yield with a yield advantage of 25.8% and showed the lowest GSI value compared to overall genotypes and the checks used in the study. Therefore, G11 was identified as a candidate genotype to be verified in the coming main season of 2022/23 for possible release for the highlands of bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, and similar agro-ecologies.
在产量等数量性状上存在显著的G*E，严重限制了选择优良基因型的可行性。因此，本研究的目的是研究连续三年(2018 - 2020年)在埃塞俄比亚东南部贝尔高地Sinana和Agarfa两个地点进行的15种埃塞俄比亚芥菜基因型(Brassica carinata A. Braun)的产量稳定性和X基因型环境相互作用。采用随机完全区组设计，共4个重复。籽粒产量的综合方差分析表明，基因型、基因型X环境互作和环境互作的交互作用极显著(P<0.01%)。AMMI对籽粒产量的方差分析显示，基因型、基因型X环境互作和环境互作对籽粒产量有极显著的影响。结果表明，环境对产量的影响占44.84%，基因型对产量的影响占37.54%，基因型对产量的影响占17.62%。自由度为34的第一和第二IPCA分量占相互作用效应的67.64%，表明两个模型是拟合的。基因型G12、G11、G8和G1表现出最低的AMMI稳定值(ASV)，表明具有稳定性。G11、G12、G5和G8基因型GSI值最低，稳定性较高。然而，在这些基因型中，G11表现出较高的平均粮食产量，产量优势为25.8%，与所有基因型和研究中使用的检查相比，GSI值最低。因此，G11被确定为候选基因型，将在即将到来的2022/23主要季节进行验证，以便在埃塞俄比亚东南部的棉花区高地和类似的农业生态中释放。
{"title":"Grain Yield Stability of Ethiopian Mustard (<i>Brassica carinata</i> A. Braun) Genotypes Using AMMI Analysis in the Highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Tadesse, A. Tekalign, Belay Asmare","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211006.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211006.12","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of significant G*E for quantitative traits such as yield can seriously limit the feasibility of selecting superior genotypes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate grain yield stability and genotype X environment interaction for fifteen Ethiopian Mustard genotypes (Brassica carinata A. Braun) conducted in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years (2018 to 2020) at two locations, Sinana and Agarfa. Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was used. The combined analysis of variance for grain yield indicated highly significant interaction (P<0.01%) for genotypes, genotype X environment interaction, and environment. The analysis of variance for AMMI for grain yield revealed highly significant interaction for genotypes, genotypes X environment interaction, and environment. It was observed that 44.84% of the variation in grain yield was accounted by environment, 37.54% for genotypes by environments, and, 17.62% was for genotypes. The first and the second IPCA components with degree freedom of 34 was accounted for 67.64% of the interaction effect and revealed the two models were fit. Genotype G12, G11, G8, and G1 showed the lowest AMMI Stability Value (ASV) indicating stability. Furthermore, Genotypes G11, G12, G5, and G8 have the lowest GSI value indicating high stability. However, out of these genotypes, G11 showed a high mean grain yield with a yield advantage of 25.8% and showed the lowest GSI value compared to overall genotypes and the checks used in the study. Therefore, G11 was identified as a candidate genotype to be verified in the coming main season of 2022/23 for possible release for the highlands of bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76446097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.16
Mulisa Faji, Alemeyehu Abebe, K. Ahmed, D. Mijena, Workeneh Tezera, Gezahagn Mengistu
Three Stylosanthes hamata accessions (S. hamata 167, S. hamata 75, and S. hamata 15876) and one accession of S. scabra (S. scabra 441) were evaluated for their agronomical performance under two environmental conditions of Benishangul-Gumuz region state, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was carried out at Kamash and Assosa Forage research station of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and the locations were purposively selected to represent lowland and mid-altitude agro-ecologies, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Environment was significantly (P 0.05) for all measured parameters and this indicated consistency in the performance of the genotypes across the environment and this leads to conclude no need for assessing performance to identify Stylosanthes genotypes with stable and superior yield across the environments.
{"title":"Forage Yield Performance of Stylosanthes Accessions in Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Western Ethiopia","authors":"Mulisa Faji, Alemeyehu Abebe, K. Ahmed, D. Mijena, Workeneh Tezera, Gezahagn Mengistu","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.16","url":null,"abstract":"Three Stylosanthes hamata accessions (S. hamata 167, S. hamata 75, and S. hamata 15876) and one accession of S. scabra (S. scabra 441) were evaluated for their agronomical performance under two environmental conditions of Benishangul-Gumuz region state, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was carried out at Kamash and Assosa Forage research station of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and the locations were purposively selected to represent lowland and mid-altitude agro-ecologies, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Environment was significantly (P 0.05) for all measured parameters and this indicated consistency in the performance of the genotypes across the environment and this leads to conclude no need for assessing performance to identify Stylosanthes genotypes with stable and superior yield across the environments.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75965501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.13
Melese Bekele, Lemma Habeteyohannes, G. Teshome, D. Ababu, Abeje Tedila, Reta Eshetu, Mesafint Minale, Hailemariyam Fisha, Hailegebriel Shiferaw
Eucalyptus plantation has been playing essential task in narrowing the gap between the supply and demand for wood and wood products in the region. Though eucalyptus is fast-growing and has a better survival rate compared to other exotic species, there is a claim that Eucalyptus species overexploiting the nutrients and water. This consequently led to land degradation and soil fertility decline. Hence, it is important to develop mixed plantations to minimize the gap of monocultures. This study aimed to select Acacia decurrens-Eucalyptus Camaldulensis mixed plantation to obtain better woody yield and improve site productivity than sole plantation. A. decurrens and E. camladulensis seedlings were planted with the proportions of: 0%:100%, 100%:0%, 25%:75%, 75%:25% and 50%:50%. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the tree height and total volume not varied significantly between the mixed and pure stand plantations. Soil nitrogen varies significantly between the treatments. The plantation with 50% E. camaldulensis and 50% A. decurrens proportion had higher total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic matter in the soil. Lined up with the experiment, the farmers agreed that the 50% E. camaldulensis with 50% A. decurrens plantations had relatively a better economic benefits and soil improvements. Further inquiry is necessary to know the contribution of each species in soil nutrient addition. Investigation of the mixed plantation of exotic and native species is essential to balance economic and environmental benefits.
{"title":"The Effect of Mixed Plantation on the Stand Yield and Soil Attributes of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia decurrens in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Melese Bekele, Lemma Habeteyohannes, G. Teshome, D. Ababu, Abeje Tedila, Reta Eshetu, Mesafint Minale, Hailemariyam Fisha, Hailegebriel Shiferaw","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.13","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus plantation has been playing essential task in narrowing the gap between the supply and demand for wood and wood products in the region. Though eucalyptus is fast-growing and has a better survival rate compared to other exotic species, there is a claim that Eucalyptus species overexploiting the nutrients and water. This consequently led to land degradation and soil fertility decline. Hence, it is important to develop mixed plantations to minimize the gap of monocultures. This study aimed to select Acacia decurrens-Eucalyptus Camaldulensis mixed plantation to obtain better woody yield and improve site productivity than sole plantation. A. decurrens and E. camladulensis seedlings were planted with the proportions of: 0%:100%, 100%:0%, 25%:75%, 75%:25% and 50%:50%. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the tree height and total volume not varied significantly between the mixed and pure stand plantations. Soil nitrogen varies significantly between the treatments. The plantation with 50% E. camaldulensis and 50% A. decurrens proportion had higher total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic matter in the soil. Lined up with the experiment, the farmers agreed that the 50% E. camaldulensis with 50% A. decurrens plantations had relatively a better economic benefits and soil improvements. Further inquiry is necessary to know the contribution of each species in soil nutrient addition. Investigation of the mixed plantation of exotic and native species is essential to balance economic and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74912530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.14
Aliyi Robsa Shuro
The lowland areas of Ethiopia have significant potential for increased oil crop production including groundnut. In Benishangul Gumuz Region, groundnut is cultivated in various zones and woredas under rain fed condition. However, due to insufficient improved groundnut varieties found in the region the productivity was low. Testing genotypes for the presence of variations and generation of genetic information is the first step in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Keeping these in account the current study was conducted with the objectives of determining the genetic variability and trait association and their direct and indirect effects on yield and yield related traits of groundnut genotypes at Assosa and Kamashi zones, Western Ethiopia. Twenty five groundnut genotypes were evaluated in 5 x 5 triple lattice designs. Data were recorded for 16 traits and subjected to ANOVA using SAS software. Further genetic analyses were conducted as per the formula suggested by biometricians. Analyses of variance showed mean square due to genotypes were highly significant (p≤0.01) for all traits studied except seeds pod-1 at both locations. High heritability value coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for primary branches plant-1, 100-seed weight, dry pod yield and grain yield hectare-1 at Assosa and Kamashi. Therefore, the current study revealed the presence of considerable variability for most of the traits studied and differences in the performance of the genotypes as there were significant differences among genotypes. Emphasis should be given for dry pod yield hectare-1, primary branches plant-1, pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight to enhance grain yield production.
{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes at Assosa and Kamashi, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Aliyi Robsa Shuro","doi":"10.11648/j.aff.20211005.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.14","url":null,"abstract":"The lowland areas of Ethiopia have significant potential for increased oil crop production including groundnut. In Benishangul Gumuz Region, groundnut is cultivated in various zones and woredas under rain fed condition. However, due to insufficient improved groundnut varieties found in the region the productivity was low. Testing genotypes for the presence of variations and generation of genetic information is the first step in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Keeping these in account the current study was conducted with the objectives of determining the genetic variability and trait association and their direct and indirect effects on yield and yield related traits of groundnut genotypes at Assosa and Kamashi zones, Western Ethiopia. Twenty five groundnut genotypes were evaluated in 5 x 5 triple lattice designs. Data were recorded for 16 traits and subjected to ANOVA using SAS software. Further genetic analyses were conducted as per the formula suggested by biometricians. Analyses of variance showed mean square due to genotypes were highly significant (p≤0.01) for all traits studied except seeds pod-1 at both locations. High heritability value coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for primary branches plant-1, 100-seed weight, dry pod yield and grain yield hectare-1 at Assosa and Kamashi. Therefore, the current study revealed the presence of considerable variability for most of the traits studied and differences in the performance of the genotypes as there were significant differences among genotypes. Emphasis should be given for dry pod yield hectare-1, primary branches plant-1, pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight to enhance grain yield production.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80650337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.12
J. M. Kouadio, W. Ndiaye, Ahon Jean-Baptiste Kassi, Tacko Niang, É. Djagoua, A. Diouf
Remote sensing data were used in this study to relate the biophysical characteristics of the ocean and their relationship with the coastal pelagic fish catches in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 2003 to 2017. Level 3 (4 km) monthly sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl-a) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Satellite (MODIS-Aqua) and statistics fishing data were used. These biophysical parameters associated to coastal upwelling index and turbulence water index allowed to characterise availability of fish. The monthly average variation of the biophysical parameters shows a close relation between chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature and the pelagic species availability. The results showed that satellite variables are directly related, with high chlorophyll-a concentrations and high upwelling intensities corresponding to low ocean surface temperature. The analysis of intra-annual variations shows the identification of two distinct seasons. A cold season from November to May, marked by an intense upwelling, corresponding to a high concentration of chlorophyll and high upwelling intensity with very high landings of coastal pelagic species. A warm season from June to October corresponding to a low concentration of chlorophyll and a decrease in the intensity of upwelling with low landing values. A hot season extending from June to October, corresponds to a low concentration of chlorophyll-a and a decrease in intensity of upwelling with low landing values.
{"title":"Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentration and Its Correlation with Pelagic Fish Catch in Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)","authors":"J. M. Kouadio, W. Ndiaye, Ahon Jean-Baptiste Kassi, Tacko Niang, É. Djagoua, A. Diouf","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.12","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing data were used in this study to relate the biophysical characteristics of the ocean and their relationship with the coastal pelagic fish catches in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 2003 to 2017. Level 3 (4 km) monthly sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl-a) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Satellite (MODIS-Aqua) and statistics fishing data were used. These biophysical parameters associated to coastal upwelling index and turbulence water index allowed to characterise availability of fish. The monthly average variation of the biophysical parameters shows a close relation between chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature and the pelagic species availability. The results showed that satellite variables are directly related, with high chlorophyll-a concentrations and high upwelling intensities corresponding to low ocean surface temperature. The analysis of intra-annual variations shows the identification of two distinct seasons. A cold season from November to May, marked by an intense upwelling, corresponding to a high concentration of chlorophyll and high upwelling intensity with very high landings of coastal pelagic species. A warm season from June to October corresponding to a low concentration of chlorophyll and a decrease in the intensity of upwelling with low landing values. A hot season extending from June to October, corresponds to a low concentration of chlorophyll-a and a decrease in intensity of upwelling with low landing values.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82662781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.11
Mandefro Aslake, A. Sintayehu, C. Fininsa, T. Alem
In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.
{"title":"Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides","authors":"Mandefro Aslake, A. Sintayehu, C. Fininsa, T. Alem","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211005.11","url":null,"abstract":"In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82458493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.16
Meseret Degefa, S. Alamerew, A. Mohammed, Adeba Gemechu
Ethiopia is the center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffeaarabica L., Rubiaceae). In receipt of more information on genetic variability is a must for additional enhancement of coffee (Coffeaarabica L.). An experiment was carried out at Awada Agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia, to study the amount of phenotypic diversity between southern coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) germplasm accessions on a quantitative character. Entirety 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design. The key goal of the study was to assessphenotypic and genotypic variances, the broad sense heritability, genetic advance and estimate the principal component among various quantitative characters. Data on 22 quantitative traits were recorded from five envoy trees per row for each accession. One hundred and four Arabica coffee accessions were grouped into four distinct groups by cluster analysis indicating a wide genetic diversity of coffee genotypes. Cluster I, II, III and IV contained 04 (3.85%), 29 (27.89%), 66 (63.46%) and 05 (4.81%) of the accessions, respectively. The X2 test show that inter cluster squared distances were significant at p<0.01 and p<0.05. Highest inter-cluster distance (D2) was found among cluster I and IV (D2 =102.61), even as the minimum inter-cluster distance (D2) was obtained between cluster II and III (13.26). First 8 principal components with Eigen values more than one were dependable for about 76.34% of the total variation among the germplasmaccessions. Normally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological traits. Consequently, there is a possibility to make use of these traits to expand genotypes that do superior than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee enhancement plan.
{"title":"Variability of Coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) Germplasm Collections Based on Morphological Quantitative Characters","authors":"Meseret Degefa, S. Alamerew, A. Mohammed, Adeba Gemechu","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.16","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is the center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffeaarabica L., Rubiaceae). In receipt of more information on genetic variability is a must for additional enhancement of coffee (Coffeaarabica L.). An experiment was carried out at Awada Agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia, to study the amount of phenotypic diversity between southern coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) germplasm accessions on a quantitative character. Entirety 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design. The key goal of the study was to assessphenotypic and genotypic variances, the broad sense heritability, genetic advance and estimate the principal component among various quantitative characters. Data on 22 quantitative traits were recorded from five envoy trees per row for each accession. One hundred and four Arabica coffee accessions were grouped into four distinct groups by cluster analysis indicating a wide genetic diversity of coffee genotypes. Cluster I, II, III and IV contained 04 (3.85%), 29 (27.89%), 66 (63.46%) and 05 (4.81%) of the accessions, respectively. The X2 test show that inter cluster squared distances were significant at p<0.01 and p<0.05. Highest inter-cluster distance (D2) was found among cluster I and IV (D2 =102.61), even as the minimum inter-cluster distance (D2) was obtained between cluster II and III (13.26). First 8 principal components with Eigen values more than one were dependable for about 76.34% of the total variation among the germplasmaccessions. Normally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological traits. Consequently, there is a possibility to make use of these traits to expand genotypes that do superior than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee enhancement plan.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83221016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.11648/J.SCIDEV.20210203.11
Obsa Welde
Irrigation survey was conducted in lowland and midlands of Guji zone of Southern Oromia, to generate information on irrigation activities as a zone in low and mid-land agro ecologies. The studies were conducted in selected representative areas of Adola Rede, Liban, Odo Shakiso, Seba Boru, and Wadera districts. In sampling techniques the cluster sampling techniques was applied, depending on the agro-ecologies of the districts. In two agro-ecologies five districts were selected, three of them were categorized under low-lands and two under mid-lands. From each districts two to three representative PA`s were randomly selected. From each selected PA`s of the district’s 30 households were taken as respondents. Among them 15 person were householders used irrigation in each selected PA`s, 15 person were householders not used irrigation are interviewed in doing this survey, 18 person were agricultural and irrigation office expert and thirteen (13) development agents are participated in doing questionnaires (31 key informants). Questionnaire distribution for key informants such as experts and DA’s, personal interview for farmers and field visit were used to gather the data. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Soil samples were taken from the representative selected PA’s in each districts at the area under irrigation those selected for research and was analyzed in the laboratory to collect parameters such as: - soil ph, soil texture (soil type), soil organic carbon (organic matter), total nitrogen, available p, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na and CEC. The major findings of the research were come up with both opportunities and constraints to expand irrigation farming. And the result shows there were more constraints compared to the opportunities as the study areas. These were more common in lowland than midland.
{"title":"Assessment of Existing Irrigation Practice in Guji Zone of Mid and Low-Land of Southern Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Obsa Welde","doi":"10.11648/J.SCIDEV.20210203.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SCIDEV.20210203.11","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation survey was conducted in lowland and midlands of Guji zone of Southern Oromia, to generate information on irrigation activities as a zone in low and mid-land agro ecologies. The studies were conducted in selected representative areas of Adola Rede, Liban, Odo Shakiso, Seba Boru, and Wadera districts. In sampling techniques the cluster sampling techniques was applied, depending on the agro-ecologies of the districts. In two agro-ecologies five districts were selected, three of them were categorized under low-lands and two under mid-lands. From each districts two to three representative PA`s were randomly selected. From each selected PA`s of the district’s 30 households were taken as respondents. Among them 15 person were householders used irrigation in each selected PA`s, 15 person were householders not used irrigation are interviewed in doing this survey, 18 person were agricultural and irrigation office expert and thirteen (13) development agents are participated in doing questionnaires (31 key informants). Questionnaire distribution for key informants such as experts and DA’s, personal interview for farmers and field visit were used to gather the data. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Soil samples were taken from the representative selected PA’s in each districts at the area under irrigation those selected for research and was analyzed in the laboratory to collect parameters such as: - soil ph, soil texture (soil type), soil organic carbon (organic matter), total nitrogen, available p, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na and CEC. The major findings of the research were come up with both opportunities and constraints to expand irrigation farming. And the result shows there were more constraints compared to the opportunities as the study areas. These were more common in lowland than midland.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82989906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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