Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.15
Chala Tamiru, Tahir Abdela
Ethiopia is centre of origin for crops such as sorghum, teff, coffee and enset and centre of diversity for many other crops (wheat, barley, Ethiopian mustard, chickpea lentils and finger millet). Similarly eastern Hararghe has diverse agro-ecology that shows diversity of many crops. So, a total of 15 land race crop species was identified with 36 accessions from 2 regions and 6woreda. From total 15 farmer variety of crop and 36 accession, sorghum are the highest accession and more cultivated in study area and it account 13 accession (36.1%). From the total survey of woreda, Qarsa is the most diverse crop species since it has a wide agro-ecology and holds ten crop species 66.7% of total crop in study area. Jarso is the second crop diversity in study area it hold eight crop species (53.3%). Sofi and Babile are the third crop diversity in study area it hold four crop species each (26.7%). Expansion of chat and replacement of modern variety in study area are the most loss of farmer variety it holds 45% and 40% respectively. Six farmer crop species in study area like Badu Oanyii, Shakoo, Bukuri, Minjar, Barley and wheat are threatened in study area due to Replacement of modern variety, no good test and low value market, birds’ interest, lack of fodder, weed and drought. Therefore, creating awareness for local farmers on how to manage the crop effectively (sowing, weeding, harvesting and storing) and conserve the landrace variety. More agricultural research should be conducted on the characters and requirement of the crops for various regions and environments to conserve landrace variety.
{"title":"Assessment of On-farm Diversity Status and Farmer’s Perception for Landraces Crops at Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia","authors":"Chala Tamiru, Tahir Abdela","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.15","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is centre of origin for crops such as sorghum, teff, coffee and enset and centre of diversity for many other crops (wheat, barley, Ethiopian mustard, chickpea lentils and finger millet). Similarly eastern Hararghe has diverse agro-ecology that shows diversity of many crops. So, a total of 15 land race crop species was identified with 36 accessions from 2 regions and 6woreda. From total 15 farmer variety of crop and 36 accession, sorghum are the highest accession and more cultivated in study area and it account 13 accession (36.1%). From the total survey of woreda, Qarsa is the most diverse crop species since it has a wide agro-ecology and holds ten crop species 66.7% of total crop in study area. Jarso is the second crop diversity in study area it hold eight crop species (53.3%). Sofi and Babile are the third crop diversity in study area it hold four crop species each (26.7%). Expansion of chat and replacement of modern variety in study area are the most loss of farmer variety it holds 45% and 40% respectively. Six farmer crop species in study area like Badu Oanyii, Shakoo, Bukuri, Minjar, Barley and wheat are threatened in study area due to Replacement of modern variety, no good test and low value market, birds’ interest, lack of fodder, weed and drought. Therefore, creating awareness for local farmers on how to manage the crop effectively (sowing, weeding, harvesting and storing) and conserve the landrace variety. More agricultural research should be conducted on the characters and requirement of the crops for various regions and environments to conserve landrace variety.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80231204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.11648/j.aff.20211004.13
Tibebu Legese Mufato
In developing countries like Ethiopia fish production plays a major role in food supply and poverty alleviation strategy. Despite the presence of opportunities to diversify fish production and thus maximize profit through product and market diversification, the farmers’ participation in pond fish production in Dara and Wonsho districts is perceived to be generally very low. Therefore, this study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ participation in pond fish production. Cross sectional research design and two stage-sampling techniques were implemented in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed to analyze data. The result of the Heckman two stage model showed that pond fish production participation decision was significantly influenced by sex, adult family size, and total land, livestock ownership, annual farm income and frequency of the extension contact. Moreover, the level of pond fish production participation was influenced by age, land holding, annual farm income and credit use. Thus, it is suggested to strengthen smallholder farmers’ participation in pond fish production via capacity improvement and enhanced access of proper technical support service provision.
{"title":"Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Pond Fish Production in Dara and Wonsho Districts, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tibebu Legese Mufato","doi":"10.11648/j.aff.20211004.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211004.13","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries like Ethiopia fish production plays a major role in food supply and poverty alleviation strategy. Despite the presence of opportunities to diversify fish production and thus maximize profit through product and market diversification, the farmers’ participation in pond fish production in Dara and Wonsho districts is perceived to be generally very low. Therefore, this study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ participation in pond fish production. Cross sectional research design and two stage-sampling techniques were implemented in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed to analyze data. The result of the Heckman two stage model showed that pond fish production participation decision was significantly influenced by sex, adult family size, and total land, livestock ownership, annual farm income and frequency of the extension contact. Moreover, the level of pond fish production participation was influenced by age, land holding, annual farm income and credit use. Thus, it is suggested to strengthen smallholder farmers’ participation in pond fish production via capacity improvement and enhanced access of proper technical support service provision.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.12
M. Hanani
This study aimed to determine the bioactive composition and properties of three selected marine seaweeds: Ulva reticulata, Halymenia durvillei and Sargassum cristaefolium from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines. The proximate and heavy metal composition of the seaweeds were determined. Heavy metal analysis in seaweeds showed that zinc registered highest concentration (328.74 mg/kg) in U. reticulata. Other evaluated seaweed species registered lower concentrations of copper (Cu), mercury, and lead indicating that they could be eaten as source of Cu. The concentration reveals that these seaweeds could be source of the micronutrient, and copper. All other seaweeds are safe for human consumption. Nutritional proximate composition of seaweeds in this study revealed that the brown seaweed (i.e. S. cristaefolium) collected from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines had highest average composition in terms of moisture, lipids, and total soluble solids. Results on nutritional proximate composition of seaweed varies due to the effect of geographical location, time of collection and the weather condition. Dried samples of U. reticulata showed best antioxidant activity while S. cristaefolium had least antioxidant activity. Sulu Philippines is one of the seaweeds suppliers in western Mindanao. Decades ago, seaweeds are known as food delicacy like Caulerpa, Eucheuma and Gracilaria spp. They are eaten raw while the industrial and medicinal uses of extracts from seaweeds were known later by inhabitants. There have been several feeding trials conducted to have the potential as source of aqua feed. Feeding the fishes with seaweed helps to prevent the occurrence of disease to certain extent. Seaweeds contain plenty of protein, vitamin and minerals. Moreover, seaweeds also contain potential bioactive compounds which exhibit antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The phytochemicals responsible for the bioactivities could be present in the seaweeds which based on literature. In addition to “positive” roles, seaweeds also play critical roles in reef degradation, particularly in ecological “phase shifts” where abundant reef-building corals are replaced by abundant fleshy seaweed. Indeed, the seaweeds screened in this study possess bioactive components and antioxidant which may be considered for future applications in medicine, cosmetics, and some heavy metals composition which may be considered for future applications in food industry.
{"title":"Bioactive Components of Three Seaweed Species from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines","authors":"M. Hanani","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the bioactive composition and properties of three selected marine seaweeds: Ulva reticulata, Halymenia durvillei and Sargassum cristaefolium from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines. The proximate and heavy metal composition of the seaweeds were determined. Heavy metal analysis in seaweeds showed that zinc registered highest concentration (328.74 mg/kg) in U. reticulata. Other evaluated seaweed species registered lower concentrations of copper (Cu), mercury, and lead indicating that they could be eaten as source of Cu. The concentration reveals that these seaweeds could be source of the micronutrient, and copper. All other seaweeds are safe for human consumption. Nutritional proximate composition of seaweeds in this study revealed that the brown seaweed (i.e. S. cristaefolium) collected from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines had highest average composition in terms of moisture, lipids, and total soluble solids. Results on nutritional proximate composition of seaweed varies due to the effect of geographical location, time of collection and the weather condition. Dried samples of U. reticulata showed best antioxidant activity while S. cristaefolium had least antioxidant activity. Sulu Philippines is one of the seaweeds suppliers in western Mindanao. Decades ago, seaweeds are known as food delicacy like Caulerpa, Eucheuma and Gracilaria spp. They are eaten raw while the industrial and medicinal uses of extracts from seaweeds were known later by inhabitants. There have been several feeding trials conducted to have the potential as source of aqua feed. Feeding the fishes with seaweed helps to prevent the occurrence of disease to certain extent. Seaweeds contain plenty of protein, vitamin and minerals. Moreover, seaweeds also contain potential bioactive compounds which exhibit antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The phytochemicals responsible for the bioactivities could be present in the seaweeds which based on literature. In addition to “positive” roles, seaweeds also play critical roles in reef degradation, particularly in ecological “phase shifts” where abundant reef-building corals are replaced by abundant fleshy seaweed. Indeed, the seaweeds screened in this study possess bioactive components and antioxidant which may be considered for future applications in medicine, cosmetics, and some heavy metals composition which may be considered for future applications in food industry.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88503292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.14
Ting Wang, Qianru Li, Bei Cai, Yunying Yang
Background: Pigments, especially for those red color are widely used in various products and are closely related to human health, however, the study on screening optimal conditions for extracting red pigment from red frangipani is less reported. Objective: This study is aimed to decipher the effects of these factors on the stability of the pigment. Method: We developed an optimized extraction method of red pigment from Plumeria rubra L leaves through different combinations of extractants, incubation time and temperature. Results: Results show that the largest productivity of red pigment is found under the condition of 10% citric acid as extractant at 80°C for 90 min compared to other conditions. The pigment is sensitive to high light and appears to have strong reducibility rather than oxidability. The pigments production is also sensitive to pH value, as well as metal ion strength, such as Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+, whereas the production is inhibited by adding sucrose, salt and soluble starch. Conclusion: We concluded that red pigment is sensitive to external environmental stimulus and internal ion and carbohydrates concentrations, among these factors, a combination of 10% citric acid extranctant together with 80oC for 90 min treatments ensures to obtain the largest productivity of red pigment. This study provides a fundamental basis for the production of natural red plumeria red pigment and the screening for edible pigment varieties.
{"title":"Study on Extraction Technology and Stability of Red Pigment in Red Plumeria","authors":"Ting Wang, Qianru Li, Bei Cai, Yunying Yang","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211004.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pigments, especially for those red color are widely used in various products and are closely related to human health, however, the study on screening optimal conditions for extracting red pigment from red frangipani is less reported. Objective: This study is aimed to decipher the effects of these factors on the stability of the pigment. Method: We developed an optimized extraction method of red pigment from Plumeria rubra L leaves through different combinations of extractants, incubation time and temperature. Results: Results show that the largest productivity of red pigment is found under the condition of 10% citric acid as extractant at 80°C for 90 min compared to other conditions. The pigment is sensitive to high light and appears to have strong reducibility rather than oxidability. The pigments production is also sensitive to pH value, as well as metal ion strength, such as Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+, whereas the production is inhibited by adding sucrose, salt and soluble starch. Conclusion: We concluded that red pigment is sensitive to external environmental stimulus and internal ion and carbohydrates concentrations, among these factors, a combination of 10% citric acid extranctant together with 80oC for 90 min treatments ensures to obtain the largest productivity of red pigment. This study provides a fundamental basis for the production of natural red plumeria red pigment and the screening for edible pigment varieties.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87540459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.13
Mulugeta Tufa, S. Ahmed, Kefyialew Tilahun, Mulugeta Fiseha, Tadla Guadie
Characterization and classification of soil is the main central information source for judicious soil management and enhance agricultural economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of characterization and classification of soil on Askate sub-watershed, northeastern Ethiopia. Four representative soil pedons were opened along topographic position and described on each identified genetic horizons basis on the field for their morphological characteristics following the soil field description guidelines. The morphological properties were examined in the field while physical and chemical properties were analyzed in laboratory. The results of the study were revealed variation in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils. Soil textural classes were sandy loam to loam sandy. The bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.60 g cm-3. The soil reaction rated as slightly acidic to moderate acidic (5.4 to 6.7). The OM ranged from 0.41 to 3.23% while available P ranged from 0.72 to 9.36 mg kg-1 which was low to medium rate. The exchangeable bases ranged from low to medium rate in the study area. CEC was medium to high rate, which implies the medium nutrient reservoir of the soil. Finally, three soil types, Humic Cambisols, Haplic Luvisol, and Cambic Umbrisols were identified in the study area according to World Reference Base. Using the soils according to their potential and applications of integrated soil fertility managements are essential to keep the sustainability of soil fertility and nutrient availability.
{"title":"Characterization and Classification of Soils of Askate Sub-watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Mulugeta Tufa, S. Ahmed, Kefyialew Tilahun, Mulugeta Fiseha, Tadla Guadie","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.13","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization and classification of soil is the main central information source for judicious soil management and enhance agricultural economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of characterization and classification of soil on Askate sub-watershed, northeastern Ethiopia. Four representative soil pedons were opened along topographic position and described on each identified genetic horizons basis on the field for their morphological characteristics following the soil field description guidelines. The morphological properties were examined in the field while physical and chemical properties were analyzed in laboratory. The results of the study were revealed variation in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils. Soil textural classes were sandy loam to loam sandy. The bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.60 g cm-3. The soil reaction rated as slightly acidic to moderate acidic (5.4 to 6.7). The OM ranged from 0.41 to 3.23% while available P ranged from 0.72 to 9.36 mg kg-1 which was low to medium rate. The exchangeable bases ranged from low to medium rate in the study area. CEC was medium to high rate, which implies the medium nutrient reservoir of the soil. Finally, three soil types, Humic Cambisols, Haplic Luvisol, and Cambic Umbrisols were identified in the study area according to World Reference Base. Using the soils according to their potential and applications of integrated soil fertility managements are essential to keep the sustainability of soil fertility and nutrient availability.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.12
A. Kingbo, Adek Rolex Aurel Agbo, J. Ganglo
The main objective of this study is to determine the different tree communities in the forest of Pobe and characterize their structure and ecology to contribute to the sustainable management of this forest. The forest of Pobe is located between the parallels 6° 57' 20" and 6° 58' 04" north latitude and 2° 39' 46" and 2° 40' 45" east longitude. The sampling used for data collection is one central plot of 1 hectare (100 m x 100 m) at the center of a square of 4 ha (200 m x 200 m). Twenty-five plots were installed and the dendrometric measurements were taken on the trees (dbh≥10cm). The regeneration inventory was done in 125 quadrats of 100 m2 each at the rate of 5 quadrats per plot. The main results obtained showed that the forest of Pobe is diversified with 56 species of trees with an average density of 157 trees/ha and a basal area of 28.01m²/ha. The diameter structure shows that the trees of small diameters (≤40 cm) are the most represented, which presages a forest able of ensuring its own renewal. Two tree communities have been identified and characterized. The most representative is the community dominated by Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra and Antiaris toxicaria and the community dominated by Triplochiton scleroxylon, Antiaris toxicaria and Terminalia superba. These two tree communities are well diversified and do not present a significant difference at the threshold of 5% for the diversity indexes calculated. The biggest threat of loss of biodiversity and the forest of Pobe degradation is anthropization, marked by the presence of vegetation fires, fuelwood cutting for charcoal production and the traffic paths often source of forest fragmentation.
{"title":"Structural and Ecological Characteristics of Tree Communities in the Forest of Pobe in Southeast Benin","authors":"A. Kingbo, Adek Rolex Aurel Agbo, J. Ganglo","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.12","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to determine the different tree communities in the forest of Pobe and characterize their structure and ecology to contribute to the sustainable management of this forest. The forest of Pobe is located between the parallels 6° 57' 20\" and 6° 58' 04\" north latitude and 2° 39' 46\" and 2° 40' 45\" east longitude. The sampling used for data collection is one central plot of 1 hectare (100 m x 100 m) at the center of a square of 4 ha (200 m x 200 m). Twenty-five plots were installed and the dendrometric measurements were taken on the trees (dbh≥10cm). The regeneration inventory was done in 125 quadrats of 100 m2 each at the rate of 5 quadrats per plot. The main results obtained showed that the forest of Pobe is diversified with 56 species of trees with an average density of 157 trees/ha and a basal area of 28.01m²/ha. The diameter structure shows that the trees of small diameters (≤40 cm) are the most represented, which presages a forest able of ensuring its own renewal. Two tree communities have been identified and characterized. The most representative is the community dominated by Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra and Antiaris toxicaria and the community dominated by Triplochiton scleroxylon, Antiaris toxicaria and Terminalia superba. These two tree communities are well diversified and do not present a significant difference at the threshold of 5% for the diversity indexes calculated. The biggest threat of loss of biodiversity and the forest of Pobe degradation is anthropization, marked by the presence of vegetation fires, fuelwood cutting for charcoal production and the traffic paths often source of forest fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76048600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.11
M. Kedir, T. Kufa, B. Dume
Information on soil test and plant analysis is essential for sustainable soil fertility management and crop production. Conversely, this is lacking for smallholder coffee farms in Gomma district, Southwestern Ethiopia. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess and determine the nutritional status of the soil–plant relation from coffee growing farms in Gomma district. Accordingly, soil samples, coffee leaves and field history were collected from 10 coffee farms during pinhead phase. Soil samples collected from 0-30 cm depth were prepared and analyzed in the laboratory following standard procedures. For data analysis, descriptive statistics was used. Results showed that the soil pH ranged from strongly to moderately acidic (pH 4.72–5.75) and low to medium in their organic matter (2.68–4.72%) content. Total N content was low in 20% of the samples, while 100% of the soil samples found to be deficient in P content. Exchangeable Ca ranged from low to high, exchangeable Mg in all soil samples was medium, while exchangeable K ranged medium to very high. Nevertheless, K to Mg ratio varied from 0.64:1 to 2.62:1, indicating Mg induced K deficiency in 10%. The plant tissue analysis depicted that 50, 60 and 50% low in N, P and K, respectively, while high in Ca and Mg concentrations. Significant and positive correlations of soil phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium with tissue concentration were existed. For sound conclusion, soil test and crop response calibration, appropriate soil, N, P, K, organic fertilizers and lime are recommended for future work.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Chemical Properties and Coffee Leaf Analysis in Goma Woreda of Oromia Region","authors":"M. Kedir, T. Kufa, B. Dume","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211003.11","url":null,"abstract":"Information on soil test and plant analysis is essential for sustainable soil fertility management and crop production. Conversely, this is lacking for smallholder coffee farms in Gomma district, Southwestern Ethiopia. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess and determine the nutritional status of the soil–plant relation from coffee growing farms in Gomma district. Accordingly, soil samples, coffee leaves and field history were collected from 10 coffee farms during pinhead phase. Soil samples collected from 0-30 cm depth were prepared and analyzed in the laboratory following standard procedures. For data analysis, descriptive statistics was used. Results showed that the soil pH ranged from strongly to moderately acidic (pH 4.72–5.75) and low to medium in their organic matter (2.68–4.72%) content. Total N content was low in 20% of the samples, while 100% of the soil samples found to be deficient in P content. Exchangeable Ca ranged from low to high, exchangeable Mg in all soil samples was medium, while exchangeable K ranged medium to very high. Nevertheless, K to Mg ratio varied from 0.64:1 to 2.62:1, indicating Mg induced K deficiency in 10%. The plant tissue analysis depicted that 50, 60 and 50% low in N, P and K, respectively, while high in Ca and Mg concentrations. Significant and positive correlations of soil phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium with tissue concentration were existed. For sound conclusion, soil test and crop response calibration, appropriate soil, N, P, K, organic fertilizers and lime are recommended for future work.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90766420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.17
K. Nguessan, A. Emmanuel
The growth of maize is a complex phenomenon which involves certain parameters including the number of leaves, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves, the height and the circumference of the plant. A study of these growth parameters was carried out in the region of Daloa (Cote d’Ivoire). These measurements could show a complexity of the growth of maize. To this end, mathematical models have been developed to predict this growth from artificial neural networks for the number of leaves, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves, the height of the plant and the circumference of the trunk of the maize plant. The coefficients of determination between the experimental measurements and the measurements predicted by artificial neural networks are respectively 0.9914; 0.9965; 0.9872; 0.9995 and 0.9976 for plant height; the number of leaves; the circumference of the plant; leaf length and leaf width. Satisfactory results have been obtained insofar as all the coefficients of determination are greater than 0.98. These coefficients close to 1 show a good interpolation between the experimental values and those predicted by the model. Because of this, we can say that the values predicted by the artificial neural network are reliable enough to predict the growth of maize.
{"title":"Maize Growth (Zea mays l.) Modeling Using the Artificial Neural Networks Method at Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"K. Nguessan, A. Emmanuel","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.17","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of maize is a complex phenomenon which involves certain parameters including the number of leaves, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves, the height and the circumference of the plant. A study of these growth parameters was carried out in the region of Daloa (Cote d’Ivoire). These measurements could show a complexity of the growth of maize. To this end, mathematical models have been developed to predict this growth from artificial neural networks for the number of leaves, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves, the height of the plant and the circumference of the trunk of the maize plant. The coefficients of determination between the experimental measurements and the measurements predicted by artificial neural networks are respectively 0.9914; 0.9965; 0.9872; 0.9995 and 0.9976 for plant height; the number of leaves; the circumference of the plant; leaf length and leaf width. Satisfactory results have been obtained insofar as all the coefficients of determination are greater than 0.98. These coefficients close to 1 show a good interpolation between the experimental values and those predicted by the model. Because of this, we can say that the values predicted by the artificial neural network are reliable enough to predict the growth of maize.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87630652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.13
Mikru Tesfa, S. Abera, Abrar Sualeh
Coffee Arabica is an essential commodity to the livelihood of millions of Ethiopians and its quality had critical importance to the coffee industry. A study was conducted to evaluate coffee quality attributes of nine newly released coffee cultivars subjected to open sun (direct sun light) and lath house-drying methods. The experiment was designed in complete randomized design factorial with two factors (cultivars and drying methods). Coffee cultivars were (Gawe, Dessu, 744, 7440, 74148, Gesha, Merdacheriko, Wushwush and Catimor J-19) prepared using wet (washed) processing method during harvesting of 2017/18 cropping season, which were collected from different altitude of south west, Ethiopia. Cup quality was evaluated by a team of certified panelists at Jimma agricultural research center coffee processing and quality analysis laboratory. The highest value in most cup quality attributes were record in cultivars of Gesha and 74148. Similarly, cultivars of 744 and 7440 were highest in all cup quality parameters. Net lath house drying method was better in all cup quality attributes. Effect of drying method was significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameters such as aromatic quality, astringency, bitterness, body and flavor. The interaction effect of cultivar and drying method shown significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameter except aromatic intensity. In the future to improve and maintain coffee quality different drying method should be practiced.
{"title":"Effect of Drying Methods on Cup Quality of Selected Cultivars of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Grown in South West, Ethiopia","authors":"Mikru Tesfa, S. Abera, Abrar Sualeh","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211002.13","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee Arabica is an essential commodity to the livelihood of millions of Ethiopians and its quality had critical importance to the coffee industry. A study was conducted to evaluate coffee quality attributes of nine newly released coffee cultivars subjected to open sun (direct sun light) and lath house-drying methods. The experiment was designed in complete randomized design factorial with two factors (cultivars and drying methods). Coffee cultivars were (Gawe, Dessu, 744, 7440, 74148, Gesha, Merdacheriko, Wushwush and Catimor J-19) prepared using wet (washed) processing method during harvesting of 2017/18 cropping season, which were collected from different altitude of south west, Ethiopia. Cup quality was evaluated by a team of certified panelists at Jimma agricultural research center coffee processing and quality analysis laboratory. The highest value in most cup quality attributes were record in cultivars of Gesha and 74148. Similarly, cultivars of 744 and 7440 were highest in all cup quality parameters. Net lath house drying method was better in all cup quality attributes. Effect of drying method was significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameters such as aromatic quality, astringency, bitterness, body and flavor. The interaction effect of cultivar and drying method shown significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameter except aromatic intensity. In the future to improve and maintain coffee quality different drying method should be practiced.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84118658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AFF.20211001.15
Bililign Mekonnen, A. Gedebo, F. Gurmu
The study was conducted to determine variability for yield and yield related traits in 24 orange fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes in the 2017 main cropping season at Hawassa Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on 19 traits and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. Significant differences (p≤0.05) among genotypes were observed for root yield and its components as well as morphological and qualitative traits including sweetpotato virus disease reaction (SPVD). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 22.1% for mature leaf size to 118.3% for unmarketable root yield, while the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 20.6% for root girth to 111.7% for unmarketable root yield. All the traits studied showed PCV and GCV more than 20%, suggesting high variability and this could be used for the selection of superior genotypes concerning character of interest. Most traits showed high values for broad-sense heritability, which ranged from 66.7 to 100%, indicating low environmental influence in the observed variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advances as a percent of mean was observed for marketable root yield, root skin color, root beta carotene content, harvest index, vine length, vine inter-node length and above ground fresh weight, implying these characters are governed by additive gene action and selection would be rewarding for the further improvement of such traits.
{"title":"Genetic variability for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato Genotypes Evaluated at Hawassa, Ethiopia","authors":"Bililign Mekonnen, A. Gedebo, F. Gurmu","doi":"10.11648/J.AFF.20211001.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AFF.20211001.15","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine variability for yield and yield related traits in 24 orange fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes in the 2017 main cropping season at Hawassa Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on 19 traits and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. Significant differences (p≤0.05) among genotypes were observed for root yield and its components as well as morphological and qualitative traits including sweetpotato virus disease reaction (SPVD). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 22.1% for mature leaf size to 118.3% for unmarketable root yield, while the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 20.6% for root girth to 111.7% for unmarketable root yield. All the traits studied showed PCV and GCV more than 20%, suggesting high variability and this could be used for the selection of superior genotypes concerning character of interest. Most traits showed high values for broad-sense heritability, which ranged from 66.7 to 100%, indicating low environmental influence in the observed variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advances as a percent of mean was observed for marketable root yield, root skin color, root beta carotene content, harvest index, vine length, vine inter-node length and above ground fresh weight, implying these characters are governed by additive gene action and selection would be rewarding for the further improvement of such traits.","PeriodicalId":7466,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87301822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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