Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3956605686
{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease A new antiviral stops the super-spreader in its tracks","authors":"","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3956605686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3956605686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3950834446
If concrete proof for these assumptions later appears, the thinker could then reasonably conclude that their theory is correct. Yet according to Occam’s razor, theories which rely more heavily on unproven assumptions are generally at a disadvantage. ‘The principle dictates that when several theories compete, the one that makes fewer assumptions has the upper hand’, Oks explains. In the case of dark matter research, theories which make unproven assumptions about the nature of the universe are especially prevalent. ‘The overwhelming majority of dark matter theories either introduce exotic subatomic particles which have never
{"title":"What can Occam’s razor principle tell us about theories of dark matter?","authors":"","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3950834446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3950834446","url":null,"abstract":"If concrete proof for these assumptions later appears, the thinker could then reasonably conclude that their theory is correct. Yet according to Occam’s razor, theories which rely more heavily on unproven assumptions are generally at a disadvantage. ‘The principle dictates that when several theories compete, the one that makes fewer assumptions has the upper hand’, Oks explains. In the case of dark matter research, theories which make unproven assumptions about the nature of the universe are especially prevalent. ‘The overwhelming majority of dark matter theories either introduce exotic subatomic particles which have never","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85565387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3950775177
Jianhui Bai, Rui Chen
many roles in keeping the Earth a habitable and safe place for its human population. As well as providing the oxygen we breathe, the atmosphere also protects us from the full intensity of the sun’s radiation. This protection is in the form of absorption, reflection, and attenuation of nearly all shorter-wavelength radiation from the sun. The depletion of the ozone layer over Antarctica allows much more UV radiation to pass through the atmosphere, leading to a disruption of global temperatures and environment.
{"title":"Atmospheric species and their effect on solar radiation and our health","authors":"Jianhui Bai, Rui Chen","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3950775177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3950775177","url":null,"abstract":"many roles in keeping the Earth a habitable and safe place for its human population. As well as providing the oxygen we breathe, the atmosphere also protects us from the full intensity of the sun’s radiation. This protection is in the form of absorption, reflection, and attenuation of nearly all shorter-wavelength radiation from the sun. The depletion of the ozone layer over Antarctica allows much more UV radiation to pass through the atmosphere, leading to a disruption of global temperatures and environment.","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90464970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3941967013
NANOSCALE ELECTRONICS The increasing complexity and demands of modern electronics have resulted in a progressive reduction in the size of the transistors, as smaller transistors have higher processing speed, lower energy consumption, and they can be packed in larger numbers within smaller areas. A parallel reduction in interconnect sizes has however been far more difficult to achieve. As the wires are made thinner, their electrical conductivity decreases, and energy is dissipated in the form of heat, which can limit the performance, reliability, and efficiency of an integrated circuit. Improving the thermal properties of interconnects is therefore one of the central challenges in integrated electronics and for enabling the development of future alternative computing approaches based on nanotechnology, including spintronics (taking advantage of the natural magnetism of electrons, as well as their charge, to produce faster computers) and neuromorphic computing (a computing approach inspired by the structure and function of the human brain).
{"title":"How electrons and phonons promote heat transfer in material systems","authors":"","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3941967013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3941967013","url":null,"abstract":"NANOSCALE ELECTRONICS The increasing complexity and demands of modern electronics have resulted in a progressive reduction in the size of the transistors, as smaller transistors have higher processing speed, lower energy consumption, and they can be packed in larger numbers within smaller areas. A parallel reduction in interconnect sizes has however been far more difficult to achieve. As the wires are made thinner, their electrical conductivity decreases, and energy is dissipated in the form of heat, which can limit the performance, reliability, and efficiency of an integrated circuit. Improving the thermal properties of interconnects is therefore one of the central challenges in integrated electronics and for enabling the development of future alternative computing approaches based on nanotechnology, including spintronics (taking advantage of the natural magnetism of electrons, as well as their charge, to produce faster computers) and neuromorphic computing (a computing approach inspired by the structure and function of the human brain).","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78529376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3871201922
André Hudson
Polystyrene is a chemically stable recalcitrant plastic that pollutes many natural environments. Unfortunately, few mechanisms can break down this man-made polymer into its naturally occurring components. Research into the polystyrene-digesting capabilities of the bacteria genus Exiguobacterium sp RIT 594 by Dr André Hudson and his team at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, USA, has uncovered the specific ring-cleaving mechanism which the bacterium uses to degrade the plastic. Bioinformatics, anaerobic culture analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence of aromatic ring attack as the primary mechanism by which Exiguobacterium sp RIT 594 breaks down polystyrene. for their ability to degrade polystyrene in natural ecosystems. Studying the biochemical pathways that allow Exiguobacterium to do this will help researchers understand the mechanisms behind plastic degradation and apply them to new technologies aimed at degrading plastic.
聚苯乙烯是一种化学性质稳定的难降解塑料，它会污染许多自然环境。不幸的是，很少有机制可以将这种人造聚合物分解成其天然存在的成分。美国纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的安德鲁·哈德森博士和他的团队对Exiguobacterium sp rit594细菌的聚苯乙烯消化能力进行了研究，发现了这种细菌用来降解塑料的特殊环切割机制。生物信息学、厌氧培养分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱证明了芳香环攻击是Exiguobacterium sp RIT 594分解聚苯乙烯的主要机制。因为它们在自然生态系统中降解聚苯乙烯的能力。研究使出口细菌能够做到这一点的生化途径将有助于研究人员了解塑料降解背后的机制，并将其应用于旨在降解塑料的新技术。
{"title":"Exiguobacterium degradation of polystyrene Enlisting bacteria in the war against plastic","authors":"André Hudson","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3871201922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3871201922","url":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene is a chemically stable recalcitrant plastic that pollutes many natural environments. Unfortunately, few mechanisms can break down this man-made polymer into its naturally occurring components. Research into the polystyrene-digesting capabilities of the bacteria genus Exiguobacterium sp RIT 594 by Dr André Hudson and his team at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, USA, has uncovered the specific ring-cleaving mechanism which the bacterium uses to degrade the plastic. Bioinformatics, anaerobic culture analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence of aromatic ring attack as the primary mechanism by which Exiguobacterium sp RIT 594 breaks down polystyrene. for their ability to degrade polystyrene in natural ecosystems. Studying the biochemical pathways that allow Exiguobacterium to do this will help researchers understand the mechanisms behind plastic degradation and apply them to new technologies aimed at degrading plastic.","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78140612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3868875938
{"title":"Ketamine An old medication with newly discovered actions in pain and breathing regulation","authors":"","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3868875938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3868875938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80690982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3857681346
Jeanne Fair, Chuck Hathcock, Sarah Kane Moser, Jeremy Ellis
of tiny organisms, collectively known as microbiota. They are invisible to the human eye, living on and in all of us: layers of bacteria, viruses, and fungi covering our skin, gut, and every part of us. These ‘friendly’ microorganisms act as our body’s first line of defence, helping keep us healthy by preventing their destructive counterparts from invading, as well as assisting with all sorts of different bodily processes.
{"title":"Microbiomes – the key to a healthier planet?","authors":"Jeanne Fair, Chuck Hathcock, Sarah Kane Moser, Jeremy Ellis","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3857681346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3857681346","url":null,"abstract":"of tiny organisms, collectively known as microbiota. They are invisible to the human eye, living on and in all of us: layers of bacteria, viruses, and fungi covering our skin, gut, and every part of us. These ‘friendly’ microorganisms act as our body’s first line of defence, helping keep us healthy by preventing their destructive counterparts from invading, as well as assisting with all sorts of different bodily processes.","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82945206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.32907/ro-134-3837001121
{"title":"Digital twin for integration of design, manufacturing, and maintenance","authors":"","doi":"10.32907/ro-134-3837001121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3837001121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74685,"journal":{"name":"Research outreach : the outreach quarterly connecting science with society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85451025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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