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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Water Management Projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 人工智能在沙特阿拉伯王国水管理项目中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v2i1.208
Sultan Ghadeer Alghadeer
This paper investigates the potential for utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to improve water distribution management in Saudi Arabia. With increasing population and water scarcity, there is a need for more efficient water management. The paper reviews successful applications of AI and internet of things (IoT) in water distribution in other countries, in order to identify best practices that could be applied in Saudi Arabia. Challenges such as lack of infrastructure, data, human capabilities, and regulations are discussed. Findings indicate that AI and IoT can reduce water waste, leaks, and costs, but an adequate infrastructure and vision are needed.
本文研究了利用人工智能(AI)改善沙特阿拉伯供水管理的潜力。随着人口的增加和水资源的短缺,需要更有效的水资源管理。本文回顾了人工智能和物联网(IoT)在其他国家水分配中的成功应用,以确定可以在沙特阿拉伯应用的最佳实践。讨论了缺乏基础设施、数据、人员能力和法规等挑战。研究结果表明,人工智能和物联网可以减少水的浪费、泄漏和成本,但需要足够的基础设施和愿景。
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引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Examining the Ethical Considerations Surrounding the Development and Use of AI 人工智能的伦理:研究围绕人工智能发展和使用的伦理考虑
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v2i1.142
Aisha Zahid Huriye
Aim: AI systems can be complex and opaque, making it challenging to understand how they make decisions. This raises concerns about fairness and accountability, as individuals may not understand the factors that influence the decisions made by AI systems. The aim of this study was to examine the ethical considerations surrounding the development and use of AI. Methods: The study adopted a desktop research design. Relevant books reference and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed materials that were related to the ethics of artificial intelligence. Results: The study found out that bias, privacy, accountability and transparency are the main ethical concerns that surround the development and use of AI technology in developed countries. Additionally, the studies emphasized the need for collaboration between stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, and local communities, to ensure that ethical guidelines are developed and implemented. In African countries, the studies highlighted the need for a nuanced understanding of the cultural, political, and economic context of the region when considering ethical AI. Issues related to bias, data privacy, and the impact of AI on the labor market were identified as important ethical considerations in the region. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for a human-centered approach that prioritizes the needs and values of local communities, as well as greater engagement with local stakeholders in the development of ethical guidelines. Recommendation: The study recommend development and implementation of ethical guidelines for AI. Policymakers, developers, and researchers should work together to develop and implement ethical guidelines for AI systems. These guidelines should address issues related to bias, transparency, accountability, and privacy, and should be grounded in a commitment to promoting human well-being and social good.
目标:人工智能系统可能是复杂和不透明的,因此很难理解它们是如何做出决策的。这引发了人们对公平和问责制的担忧,因为个人可能不了解影响人工智能系统决策的因素。这项研究的目的是研究围绕人工智能的开发和使用的伦理考虑。方法:采用桌面研究设计。使用Google Scholar检索了与本研究相关的书籍参考和期刊文章。入选标准包括与人工智能伦理相关的材料。结果:研究发现,偏见、隐私、问责制和透明度是发达国家开发和使用人工智能技术的主要伦理问题。此外,这些研究还强调了政策制定者、研究人员和当地社区等利益相关者之间合作的必要性,以确保制定和实施道德准则。在非洲国家,这些研究强调,在考虑道德人工智能时,需要细致入微地了解该地区的文化、政治和经济背景。与偏见、数据隐私和人工智能对劳动力市场的影响有关的问题被确定为该地区重要的道德考虑因素。结论:本研究强调需要采取以人为本的方法,优先考虑当地社区的需求和价值观,并在制定道德准则时更多地与当地利益相关者合作。建议:该研究建议制定和实施人工智能伦理准则。政策制定者、开发人员和研究人员应该共同努力,制定和实施人工智能系统的道德准则。这些准则应解决与偏见、透明度、问责制和隐私有关的问题,并应以促进人类福祉和社会福祉的承诺为基础。
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引用次数: 1
Design and Implementation of a Secure Virtual Private Network Over an Open Network (Internet) 开放网络(Internet)上安全虚拟专用网的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v2i1.134
S. Forbacha, Mbuya Josiah Anyam Agwu
Aim: The main objective of this research project is to design and implement a functional secure virtual private network over the internet considering that use of traditional fixed telephones lines is not cost effective and it is unsecured especially in the context of Cameroon. Methods: In the VPN, internet is used as the data pipelined replacing the traditional data lines. This approach was deployed through simulation with CISCO Packet Tracer. Results: Simulation results showed that the system can provide a secured, reliable and cost effective transmission system over the Internet for organizations in Cameroon.  As such, VPNs form an integral part of remote business communications across the internet due to the inherent risks that exist when sending private information over a public network. Conclusion: VPNs not only prevent unethical use of private business correspondence by unauthorized parties but they also play an important role in reducing the environmental impact of business travel. Recommendations: This study recommend an organization which considers security as its top priority to embrace the rather expensive solution of implementing an email/Web/DNS/FTP server at each site rather than using only a single email/web/DNS/FTP server for the entire intranet. This will reduce the amount of information that organization sends across the Internet and increase information access speeds. Home users or small office can equally be installed with an email/web/DNS/FTP server. Also, in the remote access case, a company can outsource the installation and management of their remote access VPN server to the ISP. Moreover, just using IPSec for remote access users is not enough. Remote access IPSec VPN implementation should always be associated with a tunneling protocol such as PPTP.
目的:这个研究项目的主要目的是设计和实现一个功能安全的虚拟专用网络在互联网上考虑到使用传统的固定电话线是不符合成本效益的,它是不安全的,特别是在喀麦隆的背景下。方法:在VPN中,使用internet作为数据流水线,取代传统的数据线。该方法通过模拟CISCO数据包跟踪器进行部署。结果:仿真结果表明,该系统可以为喀麦隆的组织提供一个安全、可靠、经济的互联网传输系统。因此,由于在公共网络上发送私有信息时存在固有的风险,vpn形成了跨internet远程业务通信的一个组成部分。结论:vpn不仅可以防止未经授权方不道德地使用私人商业通信,而且还可以在减少商务旅行对环境的影响方面发挥重要作用。建议:本研究建议将安全视为首要任务的组织采用相当昂贵的解决方案,在每个站点上实现电子邮件/Web/DNS/FTP服务器,而不是在整个内部网中仅使用单个电子邮件/Web/DNS/FTP服务器。这将减少组织通过互联网发送的信息量,并提高信息访问速度。家庭用户或小型办公室同样可以安装电子邮件/web/DNS/FTP服务器。另外,在远程接入的情况下,公司也可以将远程接入VPN服务器的安装和管理外包给ISP。此外,仅对远程接入用户使用IPSec是不够的。远程访问IPSec VPN的实现应该始终与隧道协议(如PPTP)相关联。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of ICT in Hotel Industry in South Africa ICT对南非酒店业的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v1i1.67
Caleb Siyabonga Kungawo
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in creating competitive advantage in selected hotels in Johannesburg. Methodology: Descriptive research design was adopted by the study while stratified random sampling was used to stratify the 104 respondents into 4 categories which included: Operations, reservations, Marketing and ICT managers. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that there was significant uptake of ICT in all categories of the hotels. Conclusion: The study concluded that organizational, environmental and technological innovation factors significantly influenced ICT uptake of Johannesburg Hotels. Recommendation: The study recommends engagement in online marketing and diversification of the types of online marketing in order to optimize on visibility, enhance marketing funnel and ultimately increase profitability.
目的:本研究的目的是调查信息和通信技术(ICT)在约翰内斯堡选定的酒店创造竞争优势中的作用。研究方法:采用描述性研究设计,采用分层随机抽样的方法,将104名受访者分为4类:运营、预订、营销和信息通信技术经理。采用问卷调查法收集原始数据,采用描述性统计法对数据进行分析。调查结果:结果显示,所有类别的酒店都显著采用了信息通信技术。结论:研究得出组织、环境和技术创新因素显著影响约翰内斯堡酒店的ICT使用率。建议:该研究建议参与网络营销和多样化的网络营销类型,以优化可见性,增强营销渠道,最终提高盈利能力。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Mobile Phones in Nigeria to Prevent Crime 在尼日利亚使用手机预防犯罪
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v1i1.68
Esther Addana Sade, Edwin Abiodun
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of mobile phones by police officers in crime prevention in Lagos city. Methodology: This study employed random stratified sampling procedure. Questionnaires were used for data collection for both qualitative and quantitative data.  Qualitative data was coded and analyzed thematically after interpretation of theme while descriptive data was analyzed using descriptive statistics by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Findings: Mobile phone was found to be an effective tool in prevention of crime in Lagos City. Mobile phone uses such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, emails and short text messages were found through adapted technology acceptance model (TAM) as to effectively contribute to crime prevention based on respondents’ perspective. Conclusion: The study concludes that police effort to use mobile technology was found to have significant effects on crime prevention.   Recommendation: The study recommends development of customized police mobile phone applications and enhancements.
目的:本研究的目的是调查拉各斯市警察在预防犯罪中使用手机的情况。方法:本研究采用随机分层抽样方法。采用问卷调查的方式收集定性和定量数据。定性数据经主题解释后进行主题编码分析,描述性数据使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS version 20.0)进行描述性统计分析。调查结果:在拉各斯市,手机被发现是预防犯罪的有效工具。根据受访者的观点,透过适应科技接受模式(TAM)发现,使用Facebook、WhatsApp、Twitter、电邮及短讯等流动电话,能有效地预防罪案。结论:该研究得出结论,警方努力使用移动技术被发现对预防犯罪有显著影响。建议:该研究建议开发定制的警察手机应用程序和增强功能。
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引用次数: 0
Difficulties that Teachers Face when Incorporating Teaching Technologies in Secondary Schools in Madingou District, Congo 刚果马廷古地区中学教师在采用教学技术时面临的困难
Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v1i1.66
Adrien Lukunga Ahadi, Gloria Chéckina Bolokwa
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties facing secondary school teachers and students in the use of teaching technologies. Methodology: This was a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and observation schedules. The obtained data were analyzed systematically using descriptive statistics and presented with the help of frequency tables, graphs and percentages. Findings: The results of the study established that most of the teaching technologies were available but inadequate in terms of quantity. Not all the teaching technologies were easily accessible for both teachers and students for teaching and learning processes. Conclusion: The study concluded that the use of teaching technologies was influenced by their availability, how the technology will enhance learning, knowledge and skills on use, syllabus requirement, accessibility and administration among others. Recommendation: The study recommends the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology should organize seminars, workshops and any other in-service courses frequently to familiarize and sensitize with a wide range of teaching technologies and their potentials. This could trigger teachers’ creativity and innovation in the use of teaching technologies in teaching and learning process. 
目的:本研究的目的是调查中学教师和学生在使用教学技术时所面临的困难。方法:采用描述性调查设计。通过问卷调查、访谈表和观察表收集数据。采用描述性统计方法对所得数据进行系统分析,并用频率表、图表和百分比表示。研究结果:研究结果表明,大部分教学技术是可用的,但在数量上不足。并非所有的教学技术都是教师和学生在教学和学习过程中容易获得的。结论:教学技术的使用受技术的可获得性、技术如何提高学习、知识和技能的使用、教学大纲要求、可及性和管理等因素的影响。建议:研究建议教育科学技术部应经常组织研讨会、讲习班和其他在职课程,以熟悉和敏感广泛的教学技术及其潜力。这可以激发教师在教学和学习过程中使用教学技术的创造性和创新性。
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引用次数: 0
Advancement of the Internet in Egypt and its Effect in Tourism Firms 互联网在埃及的发展及其对旅游企业的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v1i1.58
M. Akila, Angela Bahiti
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the implications of internet advances and the competitive strategies adopted by travel agencies in Cairo City. Methodology: The study used a conceptual framework and Diffusion of Innovation Theory in order to relate theory to practice. A mixed approach was used, which incorporated survey design, analytical design and concurrent transformative strategy. The research used census to include all the Egyptian Travel Agents Association (ETTA) in Cairo and purposive approach to select the respondents.  Findings: The results of the study established that travel agencies in Cairo are mainly family and independent businesses. Conclusion: The study concluded that there exists a relationship between the internet advances and the strategies adopted by the Travel Agencies, the perceived internet benefits and the strategies adopted. Recommendation: The study recommends the government of Egypt to provide the necessary enabling environment to enhance travel agencies adopt the dynamic ICT advances and the best strategies in the global value chain.  
目的:本研究的目的是调查互联网发展的影响和开罗市旅行社采用的竞争策略。研究方法:采用概念框架和创新扩散理论,将理论与实践联系起来。采用了一种混合方法,其中包括调查设计、分析设计和同步变革策略。该研究采用人口普查的方法,包括开罗的所有埃及旅行社协会(ETTA)和有目的的方法来选择受访者。调查结果:研究结果表明,开罗的旅行社主要是家庭和独立企业。结论:本研究得出的结论是,互联网的发展与旅行社所采取的策略、旅行社所感知到的互联网利益与旅行社所采取的策略之间存在一定的关系。建议:该研究建议埃及政府提供必要的有利环境,以促进旅行社采用动态的信息通信技术进步和全球价值链中的最佳战略。
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引用次数: 0
Involvement of Technological Growth on Policing Performance in Ghana 技术发展对加纳警务绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.58425/ajt.v1i1.59
Maureen Okafor, Esther Abenaa Obika
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvements of technological growths on performance of police officers and suggest the best ways to enhance technology use in the Ghana Police Service. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design survey. The sampling techniques used were simple random sampling. Raw data from respondents was obtained using questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically and by looking for patterns. They were presented in the form of narrative and verbatim quotations. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics includes percentages and means. They were presented in tables, graphs and pie charts. Findings: The results of the study established that the performance of police officers has greatly improved due to growth of technology. The study established that there was use of technology in Ghana police service though not very much advanced. Conclusion: The study concluded that Globalization and new technologies have facilitated certain cyber-criminal operations, thereby placing an additional burden on law enforcement agencies. Recommendation: The study recommends the government of Ghana should increase the allocation of funds to the National Police Service for the acquisition of updated equipment, to provide training at appropriate levels in forensic techniques and in technological skills for policy makers and law enforcement and investigative personnel, introduce appropriate procedural and substantive laws to deal with crimes committed in an electronic environment and raise public awareness, on  the appropriate use of the internet.
目的:本研究的目的是调查技术发展对警察绩效的影响,并提出在加纳警察服务中加强技术使用的最佳方法。研究方法:采用描述性研究设计调查法。使用的抽样技术是简单的随机抽样。通过问卷调查、访谈和重点小组讨论获得受访者的原始数据。定性数据进行了主题分析,并寻找模式。它们以叙述和逐字引用的形式呈现。定量数据分析采用描述性统计,包括百分比和平均值。它们以表格、图形和饼状图的形式呈现。研究发现:研究结果表明,由于技术的发展,警察的绩效有了很大的提高。这项研究证实,加纳警察部门使用了技术,尽管不是很先进。结论:研究得出的结论是,全球化和新技术促进了某些网络犯罪活动,从而给执法机构带来了额外的负担。推荐:该研究建议,加纳政府应增加对国家警察局的资金分配,用于购置更新的设备,为政策制定者、执法人员和调查人员提供适当水平的法医技术和技术技能培训,引入适当的程序法和实体法来处理在电子环境中犯下的罪行,并提高公众对适当使用互联网的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Computer Assisted Quantitative Electroretinography I: A Standardized Method 计算机辅助定量视网膜电图I:一种标准化方法
Pub Date : 2015-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1980.11080009
G. Chatrian, E. Lettich, P. L. Nelson, R. Miller, R. McKenzie, R. Mills
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引用次数: 1
Computer Assisted Quantitative Electroretinography II: Separation of Rod and Cone Components of the Electroretinogram in Congenital Achromatopsia and Congenital Nyctalopia 计算机辅助定量视网膜电图II:先天性色盲和先天性夜盲症视网膜电图杆状和锥状成分的分离
Pub Date : 2015-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1980.11080010
G. Chatrian, P. L. Nelson, E. Lettich, R. Miller, R. McKenzie, R. Mills
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引用次数: 1
期刊
American Journal of Electroneurodiagnostic Technology
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