Sleep epidemiology最新文献

Background

Despite ample research on violence's impact on mental health, a literature gap persists regarding its specific influence on anxiety and sleep quality among mosque students, particularly Talibs, in Afghanistan. This study examines the influence of violence on anxiety levels and sleep quality among mosque students, specifically Talibs, in Afghanistan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study administered between March 10, 2023 to June 25 2023, among Talibs (mosque students) across Herat province of Afghanistan. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress – Youth (DASS-Y) questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality and anxiety among Talibs. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of violence, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, and socio-demographic characteristics among Talibs (N = 378).

Results

Prevalence rates for anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbances, and experiences of violence were 47.9 %, 29.1 %, and 79.6 %, respectively. Notably, anxiety symptoms in Talibs exhibited correlations with advanced age and exposure to violence. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations between father's education, violence exposure, and anxiety, while age, economic status, and parental employment correlated with sleep disturbances.

Conclusion

Given the impact of violence on anxiety and sleep quality, this study recommends routine screening for anxiety and sleep disturbances by authorities and health organizations. Psychological counseling services should be available for vulnerable Talibs. Enforcing a prohibition against violence within mosque settings could alleviate anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances among this population.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy is considered the gold standard and the most effective management option for OSA. However, a considerable number of patients are unable to tolerate or decline PAP therapy and seek alternative or complementary treatments. Studies have reported insufficient knowledge among physicians regarding OSA management, including the role of dentists. Furthermore, the focus on dentists' role in OSA management has primarily been limited to the provision of oral appliances, despite the potential for dentists to play a more significant role. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive and clear understanding of the dentists' role in OSA management to assist physicians in better recognizing their patients' needs and providing timely referrals for more efficient management.

Objective

To examine longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and mobility disability progression among women, including subgroups with multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, and osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Prospective cohort study using data from Nurses’ Health Study long-form questionnaires (2008, 2012, 2014, 2016). Logistic regression was used to quantify associations between sleep-related variables at baseline and subsequent increase in mobility disability.

Results

Of 70,303 women (mean age 73), 392 had MS, 7,302 had diabetes, and 24,099 had OA. Between 2008–2016, mobility disability increased by 16.9 % overall, 27.8 % in the MS subgroup, 27.0 % in the diabetes subgroup, and 23.7 % in the OA subgroup. Known/suspected obstructive sleep apnea was significantly associated with an increase in mobility disability between 2008 and 2016, overall (OR:1.4, 95 %CI:1.2,1.5), and in the diabetes (OR:1.5, 95 %CI:1.2,1.9) and OA subgroups (OR:1.2, 95 %CI:1.0,1.4), but not in the MS subgroup (OR:2.3, 95 %CI:0.6,8.9); however, across 2012–2016, this association was significant for MS (OR:4.0, 95 %CI:1.0,16.1). Suboptimal sleep duration was significantly associated with increased odds of mobility disability progression overall, but not in disease subgroups. Perception of adequate sleep was associated with lower odds of mobility disability progression overall (OR:0.82, 95 %CI:0.78,0.87) and for the OA subgroup (OR:0.83, 95 %CI:0.76,0.91). Excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with mobility disability progression overall (OR:1.2, 95 %CI:1.1,1.4) and for the OA subgroup (OR:1.2, 95 %CI:1.0,1.4).

Conclusions

Prevalent sleep disturbances could increase disability progression among women. Chronic disease populations may be uniquely vulnerable. Informed by these data, future research could offer new insight into sleep-based strategies to ameliorate mobility decline.

Past researchers have used various categorizations of sleep duration to analyze how sleep duration is associated with mortality. Here we analyze eleven categorizations of sleep duration to analyze the best model fit in relation to mortality for the U.S. population and by gender. Data from the 2004–2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 420,037) was linked to the National Death Index through 2019 (36,574 deaths). We fit Cox Proportional Hazard models with and without covariates and used Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to determine the optimal model for self-reported sleep duration. Different categorizations produced vastly different substantive results. Categorizations A (≤ 4, 5, 6, 7 [ref], 8, 9, or ≥10 h) and E (≤ 5, 6, 7 [ref], 8, 9, or ≥10 h) provided the best model fit. Both of these categorizations were “J-shaped” and there was no difference between 6 and 7 h, but other reported durations were associated with higher hazards of mortality. Overall, we document how different specifications of sleep duration within the same sample may lead to different conclusions regarding the risk of mortality and that the most optimal specification tends to include more hours of sleep and have a “J-shape.” The findings of this study can help researchers, clinicians, and policymakers better understand the relationship between sleep and mortality and clarify the optimal sleep duration(s).

Background

Shanghai reported more than 600,000 Omicron COVID-19 cases between March 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022. Omicron-infected patients with no, mild, or moderate symptoms were transferred to the nearest Fangcang hospital, buildings constructed exclusively for the isolation and treatment of COVID-19 patients, according to the protocol for COVID‐19 diagnosis in China during that period.

Methods

This was a cohort study with data collected via online questionnaires and electronic medical records (EMR) from April 15, 2022, to May 7, 2022, from a block in a Shanghai Fangcang hospital. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Survival analysis techniques, including Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models with time-varying coefficients, were used to analyze the association between sleep quality during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the duration of viral shedding (DVS).

Results

Data from 688 participants were used in the data analysis. KM curves showed that COVID-19 patients with insomnia generally had a longer DVS than those without insomnia. Cox proportional hazards regression models suggested that the insomnia group was significantly less likely to recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 days after diagnosis than the noninsomnia group. A higher probability of rapid recovery from COVID-19 was also associated with younger age, higher HADS-A scores (i.e., increased anxiety), and lower HADS-D scores (i.e., lower depression).

Conclusions

For COVID-19 patients, sleep status, anxiety and depression symptoms, and age merit greater attention. Future studies should investigate whether lifestyle interventions can reduce the risk of developing postinfection syndromes or mitigating such symptoms.

Introduction

Although adequate sleep is important for health, it is regulated by the environment and susceptible to interpersonal and social factors. Inadequate duration and quality of sleep are associated with several diseases, and even an increased risk of death. Previous studies have shown that some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics evaluated in isolation are associated with sleep problems. The objective of this study was to simultaneously evaluate, through the identification of profiles, the relationships between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and aspects of sleep.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the period 2012–2014, with 13,039 participants from the ELSA-Brasil study. The following variables related to sleep were analyzed: sleep duration and deprivation, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and the variables sex, age, race/color, marital status, body mass index, schooling, and per capita family income, using Multiple Correspondence Analysis.

Results

In the Multiple Correspondence Analysis, the inertia of the first two dimensions was 66.5 %; the first dimension explained 48.9 % of the data variability and the second dimension 17.6 %. Sleep problems (short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, sleep deprivation, and daytime sleepiness) were related to the female sex, self-declared race/color black and brown, age group between 51 and 59 years, high schooling, per capita family income ≤ 3 minimum wages, single status, and obesity.

Conclusion

Short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, sleep deprivation, and daytime sleepiness remained in the same group and were associated with characteristics related to greater socioeconomic vulnerability. Public health policies should focus care resources on the identified groups.

Objective

We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of different dosages of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) and zolpidem on insomnia and cognitive function.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. The standard mean difference (SMD) was generated for consecutive variants. A dose‒response meta-regression model was constructed in RStudio 4.2.1 to compare the efficacy and safety of low, medium and high doses of DORAs and zolpidem on cognitive function and insomnia.

Results

A total of 22 studies with 8,223 subjects were included. Compared with the placebo, low and medium doses of DORAs significantly decreased motor vehicle accidents/violations (SMD= -0.02, 95 % CI: -0.21 to 0.17 and SMD= -0.36, 95 % CI: -0.52 to -0.20, respectively), whereas medium and high doses of zolpidem significantly increased this index (SMD=0.77, 95 % CI: 0.39 to 1.16 and SMD=1.17, 95 % CI: 0.62 to 1.72, respectively). In addition, the total sleep time (TST) of low, medium, and high doses of DORAs was SMD=0.28, 95 % CI: - 0.15 to 0.70; SMD=1.36, 95 % CI: 0.87 to 1.86; and SMD=2.59, 95 % CI: 1.89 to 3.30, respectively. The TST of zolpidem at low, medium, and high doses was SMD=1.01, 95 % CI: 0.18 to 1.83; SMD=1.94, 95 % CI: 0.46 to 3.43; and SMD=1.71, 95 % CI: 0.86 to 2.56, respectively.

Conclusion

We recommend DORAs as the best intervention for insomnia. DORAs were highly effective in inducing and maintaining sleep without impairing cognition. More head-to-head studies are needed to extend and consolidate our findings.

Objectives

Dizziness is a physical and mental burden that affects 33% of the population at age 70. Research in clinical samples suggests that poor sleep may contribute to dizziness complaints, but this has yet to be determined in the general population. We assessed the association of self-reported and actigraphy-estimated sleep with dizziness in a population-based sample.

Methods

Data of 4702 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study, included between 2011 and 2014, were analyzed (mean age: 65.8 years, 55.7% women). Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Experience of dizziness and associated characteristics were self-reported, characteristics were categorized as vestibular or non-vestibular. A subsample of 1440 participants (mean age: 64.9 years, 51.3% women) wore an actigraph for a median of 7 days to allow objective estimation of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset. We used logistic regression to assess the associations between different sleep parameters and dizziness.

Results

Poor self-reported sleep quality was associated with more dizziness (OR = 1.065, 95% CI: 1.043 to 1.087). This effect size was somewhat larger for dizziness with non-vestibular characteristics (OR = 1.108, 1.069 to 1.149) than for dizziness with vestibular characteristics (OR = 1.062, 0.988 to 1.142). Actigraphy-estimated sleep parameters were not associated with dizziness.

Conclusions

A poor self-reported sleep quality is associated with more dizziness in a population-based sample of middle-aged and elderly persons. We encourage clinicians to assess sleep quality in patients presenting with dizziness, and vice versa.

Objective

Racial disparities in adolescent sleep duration have been documented, but pathways driving these disparities are not well understood. This study examined whether neighborhood and household environments explained racial disparities in adolescent sleep duration.

Methods

Participants came from Waves I and II of Add Health (n=13,019). Self-reported short sleep duration was defined as less than the recommended amount for age (<9 hours for 6-12 years, <8 hours for 13-18 years, and <7 hours for 18-64 years). Neighborhood factors included neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, perceived safety and social cohesion. Household factors included living in a single parent household and household socioeconomic status (HSES). Structural equation modeling was used to assess mediation of the neighborhood and household environment in the association between race/ethnicity and short sleep duration.

Results

Only HSES mediated racial disparities, explaining non-Hispanic (NH) African American-NH White (11.6%), NH American Indian-NH White (9.9%), and Latinx-NH White (42.4%) differences. Unexpectedly, higher HSES was positively associated with short sleep duration.

Conclusion

Household SES may be an important pathway explaining racial disparities in adolescent sleep duration. Future studies should examine mechanisms linking household SES to sleep and identify buffers for racial/ethnic minority adolescents against the detrimental impacts that living in a higher household SES may have on sleep.

The clinical spectrum of neuropsychiatric manifestations of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) can be quite variable and sleep problems have been reported as being one of the under-recognized needs of SLE patients.

Aim Determination of sleep abnormalities among lupus children and their effects on children's scholastic achievements.

Subjects This study was carried out on 38 children with systemic lupus erythematosus and thirty healthy children, whom their guardians agreed to volunteer in the study .

Methods In the current cross sectional study all children were subjected to full clinical examination, MRI brain of the patients, sleep history, Epworth sleepiness scale and the Sleep disturbances scale for children

Results 52.6% of the studied children had different sleep patterns, as follows:13.2% disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), 2.6% with Sleep breathing disorders (SBD), 10.5% with disorders of arousal (DA), 5.3% with sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD), 2.6% with disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES), 7.9% with Sleep Hyperhidrosis (SHY), 7.9% with pathological total sleep disturbances score.

5.3% of children had excessive daytime sleepiness and 21% had moderate daytime sleepiness and 73.7% had normal daytime sleepiness.

Children with positive findings in brain MRI had different sleep disorders demonstrated as follows, 33.3% had disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS). 16.7% had Sleep Hyperhidrosis (SHY).16.7% had pathological total sleep disturbances score.