Sleep epidemiology最新文献

Few studies have examined how short and long sleepers are perceived. Using the prototype willingness model as a conceptual framework, we assessed estimates of sleep duration and perceptions of personality characteristics associated with short and long sleepers. Participants (N = 977) in an online study of sleep-related beliefs and habits were randomly assigned to either a short or long sleeper prototype condition. Participants provided estimates of sleep duration, ratings of Big Five personality traits, and qualitative descriptors for the typical short (or long) sleeper. Sociodemographic factors and self-reported sleep duration were also assessed. Sleep duration estimates differed for the short (M = 6.2, SD = 1.35 hours) versus long sleeper prototype (M = 7.62, SD = 1.33 hours), t(941) = -16.24, p < .001, g = 1.06, and were moderated by participant age, gender, social status, and self-reported sleep duration. Short sleepers were perceived as less conscientious, open-minded, extraverted, and agreeable, and as higher on negative emotionality, than long sleepers. Several of the differences in personality ratings of short versus long sleepers were moderated by social status or self-reported sleep duration. These data suggest that individuals hold distinct images of short and long sleepers which encompass different personality traits. Learning more about how sleeper prototypes are formed, and how they relate to sleep health behaviors, may be useful for sleep measurement, education, and intervention efforts.

Studies on the prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder often show disparate results. Although a consensus now exists among the three main classification systems for diagnostic criteria, most prevalence studies are only based on clinical criteria defining insomnia syndrome (night and daytime symptoms) with time criteria (weekly frequency and duration). The aim of this descriptive study was to thoroughly assess the inclusion and exclusion criteria, notes and differential diagnosis for chronic insomnia disorder according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition (ICSD-3), and ascertain its current prevalence in the Spanish general adult population. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 43.4%, chronic insomnia syndrome was 13.7%, and chronic insomnia disorder was 14.0% (women 14.6%, men 13.4%; 18-34 y.o. 11.1%, 35-54 y.o. 11.5%, 55+ y.o. 17.9%). The latter two definitions showed close prevalence results because figures from inclusion and exclusion criteria and notes practically matched and cancelled each other out. A thorough assessment of the prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder would require that, in addition to clinical and time criteria, inclusion and exclusion criteria and modifiers be considered. These elements differ according to sex and age, and strongly influence the results. They included opportunity for sleep, associated sleep disorders, physical problems such as chronic pain, and, notably, asymptomatic patients dependent on prescription drugs for sleep. Current data suggest that the prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder in Spain has more than doubled in 20 years, with an increase of almost 47%.

Background

Insomnia is a very common and yet challenging condition encountered in clinical practice. Clinical evaluation, often with the help of questionnaires is used to diagnose and quantify this condition. However, the questionnaires are highly heterogeneous in their scope and outlook and give varying information on different aspects of insomnia. Research questionnaires on insomnia abound in clinical literature but are not useful in the clinical setting to help in therapeutic decision-making. This paper is a review of the scope and limitations of some of the commonly used questionnaires in the diagnosis and evaluation of insomnia in the clinical setting.

Methods

A thorough literature search of studies evaluating diagnosis and evaluation of insomnia were included. The studies were selected on basis of their utility in clinical settings and the quality of the research reporting the results of their use. The usefulness and scope of the questionnaire and voids in their utility were discussed. Out of a total of 3872 articles, a final of 11 studies were taken up for final study as per the guidelines of reporting of systematic reviews PRISMA statement, 2020.

Results

The included articles showed great heterogeneity in their scope as well as outcome measures. The older studies were of low methodological quality and limited clinical utility. Administration in a clinical setting was difficult for many while scoring questionnaires was complex and cumbersome.

Conclusion

There is an unmet need for a holistic and easily administrable assessment measure of insomnia remains.

Objective

This study aimed to establish the prevalence and to identify predictors of insomnia, nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in wildfire survivors.

Method

A total of 126 (23 males, 102 females, and 1 nonbinary individual, Mage = 52 years, SD = 14.4) wildfire survivors from Australia, Canada and the USA took part in an online survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures including: The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI).

Results

Results showed that 49.2% of the sample reported clinical insomnia on the ISI, 28.7% reported nightmares on the DDNSI, and 77.88% reported PTSD symptoms on the PCL-5. Fear for life of others (Pearson's r = .40, .21, .31), and the impact of smoke (Pearson's r, .47, .25,.41) significantly correlated with insomnia, nightmares and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Hierarchical regression showed that smoke was a significant predictor of insomnia (β = .17, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.15 – 1.49), and insomnia predicted both of PTSD (β = .27, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.26 – 1.05), and nightmares (β = .19, p = .04, 95% CI, 1.01 – 1.45) scores.

Conclusion

Insomnia, nightmares and PTSD are highly prevalent in wildfire survivors. Smoke, one of the trauma-related factors, was found to be as a significant predictor of insomnia; and insomnia was a significant predictor of both PTSD and nightmares. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish which disorder emerges first as a result of smoke.

Study objectives

While sleep apnea has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in white individuals in the U.S., these associations in Chinese and Korean Americans are less well-understood, particularly how these associations vary by age, gender, Asian origin, obesity, chronic conditions, and daytime sleepiness.

Methods

We used a sample of Chinese and Korean Americans ages 50-75 (n = 394) from the Baltimore-Washington DC Metropolitan Area to examine the associations of high risk (HR) sleep apnea with diagnoseable hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, as well as the following biomarkers: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, and glucose (non-fasting). Poisson models included demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI). We tested for potential effect modifiers.

Results

HR-sleep apnea was associated with higher LDL-C level (β = 14.56, p < 0.05) and higher total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β = 0.64, p < 0.01). Younger respondents had higher levels of triglycerides associated with HR-sleep apnea than older respondents. For men, HR-sleep apnea was associated with higher total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides. Obese and overweight respondents had positive associations between HR-sleep apnea and total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, and triglycerides, while underweight/normal weight individuals did not. The interactions between snoring and daytime sleepiness were associated with hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates associations between sleep apnea risk and dyslipidemia among Chinese and Korean Americans. Associations were particularly pronounced among younger, male, overweight/obese, and sicker individuals. Future research should examine how to improve sleep health in Asian American populations to improve CVD risk.

Sleep problems such as sleep apnea and insomnia cause damage to the general health of individuals. Given its disabling potential, it is relevant to know the population prevalence of sleep problems and their impact on functioning. Data from a cross-sectional population study named II ENDISC – Encuesta Nacional de la Discapacidad, carried out in Chile, 2015 were analyzed. The sample is composed of 12,265 people over 17 years old, randomly selected and interviewed at home, using the Model Disability Survey (MDS). Data analyses adopted the generalized linear model (GLM) with logarithmic link and gamma distribution to determine the impact of self-reported sleep problems on capacity and performance, and adjustment variables were added to the model progressively. Self-reported sleep problems prevalence in Chile was 11.19%; variations were found according to region (4.93% to 14.79%), and were more frequent among women (13.69%); people aged 65 and over (16.78%); and decreased with the improvement of schooling and self-rated health status. A higher prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was associated with excessive alcohol consumption (18.82%); depression (36.30%); anxiety (32.40%); and respiratory diseases (20.85%). The findings capacity and performance averages were worse for people with self-reported sleep problems. The adjusted analyses showed coefficients of 1.33 (p < 0.0001) to capacity and of 1.20 (p < 0.0001) to the performance, revealing that the averages of capacity and performance were 33% and 20% worse among people with self-reported sleep problems, respectively. Due to the impact on individuals' self-reported capacity and performance, sleep problems configure a deterioration in the profile of population functioning.

Sleep disorders, among which insomnia is the most common, have a significant impact on public health and might be connected to lower levels of physical activity. However, there is no evidence linking physical inactivity or extended sitting time to insomnia in older men. In this study, the associations between physical inactivity and sitting time with insomnia in older male participants from the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO) were assessed. We investigated a sub-sample of older men from the EPISONO study who completed a series of questionnaires evaluating self-perceived sleep quality and potential associated factors. Sitting time was not associated with poorer sleep in older men. However, physical inactivity and symptoms of depression were positively correlated with self-perceived sleep quality. Our results demonstrated that low levels of physical activity are associated with poor sleep quality. Strategies and policies that encourage and enable older men to be more physically active deserve attention.

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in the UK and globally, with sleep data from across 13 countries suggesting that only 55% of adults are satisfied with their sleep. Disturbed sleep is found in diabetes which is one of the most serious diseases worldwide. Specifically, relationships have been found between glycaemic control and sleep duration and quality. It is currently unclear how diabetes specifically affects sleep stages, and their associated spectral power. This study aims to characterise the relationship between polysomnography-measured specific sleep stages and associated spectral power in adults with diabetes and control participants. This study involved a secondary data analysis of multi-cohort Sleep Heart Health (SHH) data using a matched-pairs design. The sample included 414 participants (211 males, 203 females, mean age (years) 70.0, 95% CI [69.1, 70.9]) 207 with diabetes and 207 matched controls. The results suggest an increase in light sleep in diabetes, specifically NREM stage 2 sleep duration (p = 0.05) and percentage (p = 0.04), with an increase in slow-wave activity (p = 0.03) and delta power (p = 0.04) during NREM stage 1 sleep. Slow-wave sleep duration marginally reduced in diabetes, (p = 0.09), whilst delta power (p < 0.01), slow-wave activity (p = 0.02) and theta power (p < 0.01) in slow-wave sleep also significantly reduced in diabetes compared to control participants. No other changes to sleep stages or associated spectral power were observed. These results suggest a potential homoeostatic influence of sleep on glycaemic control, which should be further explored in future research.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has altered people's lives worldwide and fostered the emergence of sleep problems. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has yet been conducted to rigorously evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep problems from a Bangladeshi perspective. As a result, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to fill this knowledge gap, which may lead to a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors associated with sleep problems. To conduct this systematic review, PRISMA guidelines were followed; a literature search was conducted to include studies published till 5th March 2022 from the inception of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus. A total of eleven studies were included. The JBI checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The overall estimated prevalence of sleep problems was 45% (95% CI: 32% to 58%, I² =99.31%). General populations were more affected by sleep problems [52% (95% CI: 36% to 68%, I² =98.92%)] than the healthcare professionals [51% (95% CI: 23% to 79%, I² =97.99%)] (χ² = 137.05, p <0.001). Additionally, results suggested that suffering from sleep problems were higher among female (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.29 compared to men); urban residents (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.02 compared to rural); and anxious person (OR: 5.15; 95% CI: 4.32 to 6.14 compared to non-anxious), whereas single participants less likely to suffer from sleep related problems (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94). The prevalence rate of sleep problems was high and the general populations was at particularly high risk. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the trajectories of such sleep problems as a function of pandemic changes.

Objective

: In this study, we aim to assess daytime sleepiness and quality of sleep among resident physicians of Damascus, the capital of Syria.

Methods

: We conducted a cross-sectional study on resident physicians of Damascus who work for hospitals of Ministry of Health, Ministry of Higher Education, and Ministry of Defense between November 2020 and December 2020. Participants completed a questionnaire about sociodemographic and sleep characteristics in addition to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.

Results

: 514 participants completed the questionnaire. Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score> 10) was evident in 32.9% of the participants. In total, 79.5% had poor sleep quality (global PSQI score>5). Specialties with the worst sleep quality were nuclear medicine, pathology, and psychiatry. Specialties with the worst ESS score were surgery, nuclear medicine, and radiology.

Conclusion

: More than one third of the resident physicians suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, and more than two thirds have poor sleep quality. This might indicate the need for radical improvements to residency circumstances to enhance sleep quality.