Xuan Wang, Wei-Cheng Xu, Jun Li, Chen Shi, Yuanyuan Guo, Jinjun Shan, Ruogu Qi
Nanotechnology, an emerging force, has infiltrated diverse domains like biomedical, materials, and environmental sciences. Nano‐omics, an emerging fusion, combines nanotechnology with omics, boasting amplified sensitivity and resolution. This review introduces nanotechnology basics, surveys its recent strides in nano‐omics, deliberates present challenges, and envisions future growth.
{"title":"Nano‐omics: Frontier fields of fusion of nanotechnology","authors":"Xuan Wang, Wei-Cheng Xu, Jun Li, Chen Shi, Yuanyuan Guo, Jinjun Shan, Ruogu Qi","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230039","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology, an emerging force, has infiltrated diverse domains like biomedical, materials, and environmental sciences. Nano‐omics, an emerging fusion, combines nanotechnology with omics, boasting amplified sensitivity and resolution. This review introduces nanotechnology basics, surveys its recent strides in nano‐omics, deliberates present challenges, and envisions future growth.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Yi, Xiaoju Wang, Sergey K. Filippov, Hongbo Zhang
Abstract Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is naked DNA molecules shed from the tumor cells into the peripheral blood circulation. They contain tumor‐specific gene mutations and other valuable information. ctDNA is considered to be one of the most significant analytes in liquid biopsies. Over the past decades, numerous researchers have developed various detection strategies to perform quantitative or qualitative ctDNA analysis, including PCR‐based detection and sequencing‐based detection. More and more studies have illustrated the great value of ctDNA as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis and heterogeneity of tumor. In this review, we first outlined the development of digital PCR (dPCR)‐based and next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based ctDNA detection systems. Besides, we presented the introduction of the emerging ctDNA analysis strategies based on various biosensors, such as electrochemical biosensors, fluorescent biosensors, surface plasmon resonance and Raman spectroscopy, as well as their applications in the field of biomedicine. Finally, we summarized the essentials of the preceding discussions, and the existing challenges and prospects for the future are also involved.
{"title":"Emerging ctDNA detection strategies in clinical cancer theranostics","authors":"Kexin Yi, Xiaoju Wang, Sergey K. Filippov, Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is naked DNA molecules shed from the tumor cells into the peripheral blood circulation. They contain tumor‐specific gene mutations and other valuable information. ctDNA is considered to be one of the most significant analytes in liquid biopsies. Over the past decades, numerous researchers have developed various detection strategies to perform quantitative or qualitative ctDNA analysis, including PCR‐based detection and sequencing‐based detection. More and more studies have illustrated the great value of ctDNA as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis and heterogeneity of tumor. In this review, we first outlined the development of digital PCR (dPCR)‐based and next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based ctDNA detection systems. Besides, we presented the introduction of the emerging ctDNA analysis strategies based on various biosensors, such as electrochemical biosensors, fluorescent biosensors, surface plasmon resonance and Raman spectroscopy, as well as their applications in the field of biomedicine. Finally, we summarized the essentials of the preceding discussions, and the existing challenges and prospects for the future are also involved.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"126 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haozhen Ren, Yi Cheng, Gaolin Wen, Jinglin Wang, Min Zhou
Abstract Optogenetics is a cutting‐edge technology that merges light control and genetics to achieve targeted control of tissue cells. Compared to traditional methods, optogenetics offers several advantages in terms of time and space precision, accuracy, and reduced damage to the research object. Currently, optogenetics is primarily used in pathway research, drug screening, gene expression regulation, and the stimulation of molecule release to treat various diseases. The selection of light‐sensitive proteins is the most crucial aspect of optogenetic technology; structural changes occur or downstream channels are activated to achieve signal transmission or factor release, allowing efficient and controllable disease treatment. In this review, we examine the extensive research conducted in the field of biomedicine concerning optogenetics, including the selection of light‐sensitive proteins, the study of carriers and delivery devices, and the application of disease treatment. Additionally, we offer critical insights and future implications of optogenetics in the realm of clinical medicine.
{"title":"Emerging optogenetics technologies in biomedical applications","authors":"Haozhen Ren, Yi Cheng, Gaolin Wen, Jinglin Wang, Min Zhou","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Optogenetics is a cutting‐edge technology that merges light control and genetics to achieve targeted control of tissue cells. Compared to traditional methods, optogenetics offers several advantages in terms of time and space precision, accuracy, and reduced damage to the research object. Currently, optogenetics is primarily used in pathway research, drug screening, gene expression regulation, and the stimulation of molecule release to treat various diseases. The selection of light‐sensitive proteins is the most crucial aspect of optogenetic technology; structural changes occur or downstream channels are activated to achieve signal transmission or factor release, allowing efficient and controllable disease treatment. In this review, we examine the extensive research conducted in the field of biomedicine concerning optogenetics, including the selection of light‐sensitive proteins, the study of carriers and delivery devices, and the application of disease treatment. Additionally, we offer critical insights and future implications of optogenetics in the realm of clinical medicine.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"22 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary system, known for its rapid progression and high likelihood of recurrence. Despite ongoing efforts, clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC remain limited. As such, there is an urgent need to investigate potential mechanisms underlying this disease. Exosomes, which contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, are regarded as extracellular messengers because they are implicated in facilitating intercellular communication in various diseases and are pivotal in tumor advancement, serving as a promising avenue for such researches. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous nature of BC necessitates further exploration of the potential involvement of exosomes in disease progression. This review comprehensively outlines the biological attributes of exosomes and their critical roles in tumorigenesis, while also discussing their potential applications in regulating the progression of BC involving clinical diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.
{"title":"Exosomes: Toward a potential application in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment","authors":"Xiaowei Wei, Dagan Zhang, Yefei Zhu","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary system, known for its rapid progression and high likelihood of recurrence. Despite ongoing efforts, clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC remain limited. As such, there is an urgent need to investigate potential mechanisms underlying this disease. Exosomes, which contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, are regarded as extracellular messengers because they are implicated in facilitating intercellular communication in various diseases and are pivotal in tumor advancement, serving as a promising avenue for such researches. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous nature of BC necessitates further exploration of the potential involvement of exosomes in disease progression. This review comprehensively outlines the biological attributes of exosomes and their critical roles in tumorigenesis, while also discussing their potential applications in regulating the progression of BC involving clinical diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqiang Luo, Yu Wang, Ye Xu, Jinglin Wang, Yunru Yu
Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive extracellular matrix‐derived polymer. The related HA‐based hydrogels are emerging to be the hotspots in the cutting edge of biomaterials. The continuous sights concentrate on exploring modification methods and crosslinking strategies to promote the advancement of HA‐based hydrogels with enhanced physical/chemical properties and enriched biological performance. Here, the advances on modification methods and crosslinking strategies for fabricating HA‐based hydrogels with diverse capacities are summarized. Firstly, the modification reactions that occur on the active hydroxyl, carboxyl and N‐acetyl groups of HA molecule are discussed. Next, the emphasis is put on various crosslinking strategies including physical crosslinking, covalent crosslinking and dynamic covalent crosslinking. Finally, we provide a general summary and give a critical viewpoint on the remaining challenges and the future development of HA‐based hydrogels. It is hoped that this review can provide new proposals for the specific design of functional hydrogel biomaterials.
{"title":"Modification and crosslinking strategies for hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel biomaterials","authors":"Zhiqiang Luo, Yu Wang, Ye Xu, Jinglin Wang, Yunru Yu","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive extracellular matrix‐derived polymer. The related HA‐based hydrogels are emerging to be the hotspots in the cutting edge of biomaterials. The continuous sights concentrate on exploring modification methods and crosslinking strategies to promote the advancement of HA‐based hydrogels with enhanced physical/chemical properties and enriched biological performance. Here, the advances on modification methods and crosslinking strategies for fabricating HA‐based hydrogels with diverse capacities are summarized. Firstly, the modification reactions that occur on the active hydroxyl, carboxyl and N‐acetyl groups of HA molecule are discussed. Next, the emphasis is put on various crosslinking strategies including physical crosslinking, covalent crosslinking and dynamic covalent crosslinking. Finally, we provide a general summary and give a critical viewpoint on the remaining challenges and the future development of HA‐based hydrogels. It is hoped that this review can provide new proposals for the specific design of functional hydrogel biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"124 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yangnan Hu, Le Fang, Hui Zhang, Shasha Zheng, Menghui Liao, Qingyue Cui, Hao Wei, Danqi Wu, Hong Cheng, Yanru Qi, Huan Wang, Tao Xin, Tian Wang, Renjie Chai
Abstract Hearing impairment is a global health problem that affects social communications and the economy. The damage and loss of cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) as well as the degeneration of neurites of SGNs are the core causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Biotechnologies and biomedical engineering technologies provide new hope for the treatment of auditory diseases, which utilizes biological strategies or tissue engineering methods to achieve drug delivery and the regeneration of cells, tissues, and even organs. Here, the advancements in the applications of biotechnologies (including gene therapy and cochlear organoids) and biomedical engineering technologies (including drug delivery, electrode coating, electrical stimulation and bionic scaffolds) in the field of hearing reconstruction are presented. Moreover, we summarize the challenges and provide a perspective on this field.
{"title":"Emerging biotechnologies and biomedical engineering technologies for hearing reconstruction","authors":"Yangnan Hu, Le Fang, Hui Zhang, Shasha Zheng, Menghui Liao, Qingyue Cui, Hao Wei, Danqi Wu, Hong Cheng, Yanru Qi, Huan Wang, Tao Xin, Tian Wang, Renjie Chai","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hearing impairment is a global health problem that affects social communications and the economy. The damage and loss of cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) as well as the degeneration of neurites of SGNs are the core causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Biotechnologies and biomedical engineering technologies provide new hope for the treatment of auditory diseases, which utilizes biological strategies or tissue engineering methods to achieve drug delivery and the regeneration of cells, tissues, and even organs. Here, the advancements in the applications of biotechnologies (including gene therapy and cochlear organoids) and biomedical engineering technologies (including drug delivery, electrode coating, electrical stimulation and bionic scaffolds) in the field of hearing reconstruction are presented. Moreover, we summarize the challenges and provide a perspective on this field.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"55 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hydrogel adhesives are extensively employed in biological interfaces such as epidermal flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and implanted device. The development of functional hydrogel adhesives is a critical, yet challenging task since combining two or more attributes that seem incompatible into one adhesive hydrogel without sacrificing the hydrogel's pristine capabilities. In this Review, we highlight current developments in the fabrication of functional adhesive hydrogels, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, particularly those that occur underwater or on tissue/organ surface conditions. The design strategies for a multifunctional adhesive hydrogel with desirable properties including underwater adhesion, self‐healing, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and anti‐swelling are discussed comprehensively. We then discuss the challenges faced by adhesive hydrogels, as well as their potential applications in biological interfaces. Adhesive hydrogels are the star building blocks of bio‐interface materials for individualized healthcare and other bioengineering areas.
{"title":"Functional adhesive hydrogels for biological interfaces","authors":"Changyi Liu, Kexin Peng, Yilun Wu, Fanfan Fu","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hydrogel adhesives are extensively employed in biological interfaces such as epidermal flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and implanted device. The development of functional hydrogel adhesives is a critical, yet challenging task since combining two or more attributes that seem incompatible into one adhesive hydrogel without sacrificing the hydrogel's pristine capabilities. In this Review, we highlight current developments in the fabrication of functional adhesive hydrogels, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, particularly those that occur underwater or on tissue/organ surface conditions. The design strategies for a multifunctional adhesive hydrogel with desirable properties including underwater adhesion, self‐healing, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and anti‐swelling are discussed comprehensively. We then discuss the challenges faced by adhesive hydrogels, as well as their potential applications in biological interfaces. Adhesive hydrogels are the star building blocks of bio‐interface materials for individualized healthcare and other bioengineering areas.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Conductive hydrogels have attracted copious attention owing to their grateful performances, such as similarity to biological tissues, compliance, conductivity and biocompatibility. A diversity of conductive hydrogels have been developed and showed versatile potentials in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in conductive hydrogels, involving the various types and functionalities of conductive hydrogels as well as their applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, the current challenges and the reasonable outlook of conductive hydrogels are also given. It is expected that this review will provide potential guidance for the advancement of next‐generation conductive hydrogels.
{"title":"Developing conductive hydrogels for biomedical applications","authors":"Yu Wang, Jiahui Guo, Xinyue Cao, Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/smmd.20230023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smmd.20230023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conductive hydrogels have attracted copious attention owing to their grateful performances, such as similarity to biological tissues, compliance, conductivity and biocompatibility. A diversity of conductive hydrogels have been developed and showed versatile potentials in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in conductive hydrogels, involving the various types and functionalities of conductive hydrogels as well as their applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, the current challenges and the reasonable outlook of conductive hydrogels are also given. It is expected that this review will provide potential guidance for the advancement of next‐generation conductive hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":74816,"journal":{"name":"Smart medicine","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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