Metaverse-based and immersive learning, encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, is driving the rise of the metaverse as a transformative learning space in higher education. In nursing education, where bridging theory and practice is essential, the metaverse enables experiential and reflective learning, yet factors influencing its adoption remain unclear. This systematic review synthesized empirical studies from 2020 to 2024 to examine how metaverse-based learning has been implemented in nursing education. Guided by PRISMA 2020 and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework, 45 eligible studies were identified through Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and were analysed thematically. Three interrelated domains emerged, namely technological factors, institutional factors, and learner-related factors, indicating that sustainable adoption is conditional upon alignment across these domains rather than the presence of any single enabler. Findings highlight that effective adoption of metaverse learning depends on the alignment of technological infrastructure, pedagogical readiness, and human engagement. This review offers a conceptual foundation and practical direction for educators and policymakers to advance sustainable digital transformation efforts in nursing education.
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