Rare Metals最新文献

{"title":"Regulating fracture behaviors and mechanical properties of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet by reconstructing grain boundaries","authors":"Xiao-Qian Bao,&nbsp;Ying Yu,&nbsp;Zi-Hao Wang,&nbsp;Shuo Gao,&nbsp;Hai-Jun Yu,&nbsp;Sheng-En Guan,&nbsp;Ji-Heng Li,&nbsp;Ming-Li Qin,&nbsp;Xue-Xu Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03259-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03259-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the fracture behaviors and interface stresses of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets were investigated. It was revealed that cracks propagated along the interfaces of Nd₂Fe₁₄B/Nd₂Fe₁₄B, Nd₂Fe₁₄B/Nd-rich phases and within Nd-rich phases. The misfits between 2:14:1 and Nd-rich phases were quantitatively determined, reflecting the concentration of interface stresses in magnet. Grain boundaries of magnet were reconstructed by diffusing Tb-containing and Tb-free sources, respectively. The Tb-rich shells at extensive layers of 2:14:1 grains caused lattice distortion, i.e., internal stresses, resulting in the crack mode changing from intergranular to transgranular in near surfaces of Tb-containing diffused magnets. Therefore, the bending strengths were deteriorated although the coercivities were apparently enhanced. In the case of Tb-free Pr–Cu diffused magnet, the Pr and Cu elements were enriched at grain boundaries, and the misfits between 2:14:1 and Nd-rich phases were declined, lowering interface stresses and strengthening grain boundaries. The mechanical and magnetic properties of Pr–Cu diffused magnet were simultaneously improved.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 5","pages":"3351 - 3361"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced perovskite solar cell performance via low-temperature ALD-Al2O3 interface modification","authors":"Yao Xiao,&nbsp;Zong-Cun Liang,&nbsp;Bang-Qi Jiang,&nbsp;Xuan-Fei Kuang,&nbsp;Zi-Yue Rao,&nbsp;Zhen-Jia Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Sen Lin,&nbsp;Zhi Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03346-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03346-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inverted perovskite solar cells, which nickel oxide (NiO_<i>x</i>) has been widely employed as a hole transport layer, have shown promise for perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. However, the deficient quality of perovskite/NiO_<i>x</i> interface has constrained the performance and stability of the solar cells. In this paper, low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed to prepare a nanometer aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) layer that effectively blocks carriers recombination, facilitates carriers transport by improving the valence band maximum (VBM) alignment between HTL and perovskite and enhances the morphology of self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The interface between NiO_<i>x</i> and perovskite was modified by the embedded Al₂O₃ layer, achieving an open current voltage (<i>V</i>_oc) of 1.19 V and a short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_sc) of 22.98 mA cm⁻². The efficiency of the champion cell was 22.22% at 1.5 AM (0.2 cm²), which was a notable enhancement compared to solar cells of average power conversion efficiency (PCE) 20.33% without Al₂O₃ passivation layer. The passivated perovskite solar cell exhibits enhanced stability in degradation tests, retaining 85.70% of the initial PCE after storage in ambient air (40%–60% relative humidity (R.H.)) at 25 °C for 100 h. The results show the potential of low-temperature ALD-Al₂O₃ in inverted perovskite solar cells as well as perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 5","pages":"3060 - 3068"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating the pathway competition between moisture and gas via hierarchical fibrous paper for humidity-adaptive fuel cells","authors":"Peng He,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Hao Tang,&nbsp;Quanbo Huang,&nbsp;Guodong Ren,&nbsp;Ruwei Chen,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03271-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03271-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising clean energy source, but its performance and stability are vulnerable to the negative effects of humidity conditions. The gas diffusion substrate (GDS) plays a pivotal role in regulating the moisture and gas transport. The single pore structure of traditionally designed GDS often leads to the pathway competition between moisture and gas, which effects the efficiency of fuel cells. In this study, we report on a hierarchical fibrous paper with tunable hierarchical pores for a sustainable GDS. This design offers gas permeability under wet conditions, by separating the gas pathway from the moisture pathway, thus mitigating their pathway competition. In addition, this paper forms a multi-scale scaffold that absorbs moisture under high humidity conditions and releases it under dry conditions. It is allowed to maintain an optimal internal humidity and further enhances the humidity adaptability. Furthermore, the carbon footprint is only 15.97%, significantly lower than commercial alternatives. This feature makes it a sustainable solution to stabilize PEMFCs under diverse humidity conditions. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 5","pages":"3234 - 3243"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flotation properties and separation mechanism of ammonium dodecylsulfate on lepidolite minerals","authors":"Xin Hu,&nbsp;Xian-Ping Luo,&nbsp;Zi-Shuai Liu,&nbsp;He-Peng Zhou,&nbsp;Xue-Kun Tang,&nbsp;Hui-Yang Lin,&nbsp;Lu-Shuai Yao,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Bai","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03246-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03246-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lepidolite, feldspar, and quartz are silicate minerals with similar chemical properties, complicating their flotation separation. Current collector systems require strong acidic conditions for effective separation but still face challenges related to low separation efficiency and recovery rates. This study proposed a novel collector, ammonium dodecylsulfate (ALS), to selectively extract lepidolite from feldspar and quartz using highly selective flotation methods. Microflotation experiments showed that ALS significantly outperforms other collectors in collecting lepidolite compared to feldspar and quartz. At pH 7, lepidolite recovery reached 95%, while flotation recoveries for both feldspar and quartz were below 10%. Mixed pure mineral flotation tests revealed that at pH 7 and ALS concentration of 2.5 × 10^–4 mol·L⁻¹, the Li₂O content in the concentrate was 4.21%, with a recovery rate of 95.01%. Separation efficiency and Gaudin selectivity index values were recorded. Solution chemical analyses showed that at pH 7, ALS completely ionizes into NH₄⁺ and CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OSO₃⁻. Various analytical techniques, including high-speed photography imaging, contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed that the anion CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OSO₃⁻ adsorbs chemically onto aluminum sites on lepidolite's surface, while the cation NH₄⁺ binds through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The combined adsorption of these ions on lepidolite's surface enhanced its hydrophobicity. In contrast, ALS showed minimal adsorption on feldspar and quartz surfaces, which remained hydrophilic, enabling efficient selective flotation separation of lepidolite from both feldspar and quartz.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 4","pages":"2791 - 2804"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure optimization of cold sprayed M2052 alloy using post-processing heat treatment for tailoring damping capacity","authors":"Long Chen,&nbsp;Li-Ying Sun,&nbsp;Pu-Guang Ji,&nbsp;Ying-Chun Xie,&nbsp;Chao-Yue Chen,&nbsp;Sergey V. Rogozhkin,&nbsp;Nasib A. Iskandarov,&nbsp;Nikita Yurchenko,&nbsp;Vasili Rubanik,&nbsp;Fu-Xing Yin","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03235-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03235-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold spray (CS) has been attracting an increasing interest due to low heat input, which avoids grain growth and high thermal stress. This feature is beneficial for high damping Mn-Cu alloy through limiting oxidation and formation of hot cracks. However, high dislocation density formed because of extensive plastic deformation, pores, and cracks result in the low damping capacity in the as-deposited Mn-Cu alloy. New strategy was introduced for improving damping capacity in cold sprayed Mn-20Cu-5Ni-2Fe (M2052 at%) alloy with different particle sizes (below 25 μm and between 15 and 53 μm). The 15–53 μm powder has high yield strength and plastic deformation resistance, which leads to a large number of defects and non-bonded interface between powders due to insufficient plastic deformation. Ageing treatment at 420 °C leads to spinodal decomposition of the fcc-austenite, and the formation of Mn-rich matrix and Cu-rich nanoscale network structure is found. Under the same ageing conditions, the spinodal decomposition level of the fcc-austenite in the CS M2052 alloy with the particles of 15–53 μm is higher than that with the particles of &lt; 25 μm, which results from the difference in the grain size. As a result, the damping capacity in the CS M2052 samples with particle size of 15–53 μm is higher compared with the CS M2052 sample with particle size of &lt; 25 μm. There is a significant increase in the damping capacity in the CS M2052 samples after HIP treatment, which can effectively reduce the internal defects and improve the bonding properties between powders.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 5","pages":"3531 - 3546"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent fluorination strategies in solid electrolytes for high-voltage solid-state lithium-ion batteries","authors":"An-Chun Tang,&nbsp;Er-Hai Hu,&nbsp;Bei-Er Jia,&nbsp;Chu-Bin Wan,&nbsp;Zi-Yue Wen,&nbsp;Shuen Tso,&nbsp;Xin Ju,&nbsp;Qing-Yu Yan","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03244-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03244-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-voltage solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLIBs) have attracted considerable research attention in recent years due to their high-energy-density and superior safety characteristics. However, the integration of high-voltage cathodes with solid electrolytes (SEs) presents multiple challenges, including the formation of high-impedance layers from spontaneous chemical reactions, electrochemical instability, insufficient interfacial contact, and lattice expansion. These issues significantly impair battery performance and potentially lead to battery failure, thus impeding the commercialization of high-voltage SSLIBs. The incorporation of fluorides, known for their robust bond strength and high free energy of formation, has emerged as an effective strategy to address these challenges. Fluorinated electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interfaces have been demonstrated to significantly influence the reaction reversibility/kinetics, safety, and stability of rechargeable batteries, particularly under high voltage. This review summarizes recent advancements in fluorination treatment for high-voltage SEs, focusing on solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), and composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), along with the performance enhancements these strategies afford. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property relationships, the characteristics of fluorinated interfaces, and the application of fluorinated SEs in high-voltage SSLIBs. Further, the impacts of residual moisture and the challenges of fluorinated SEs are discussed. Finally, the review explores potential future directions for the development of fluorinated SSLIBs.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 4","pages":"2268 - 2293"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring L21 strengthening in lightweight AlFeNiTiV complex concentrated alloys for elevated-temperature applications","authors":"Hong-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Ze-Yun Cai,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Jun-Zhi Li,&nbsp;Tao Hong,&nbsp;Wei-Zong Bao,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Xie","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03241-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03241-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) containing the L2₁ phase are recognized for their exceptional strength and thermal stability, positioning them as strong candidates for transformative applications in aerospace, energy, and structural sectors. This investigation delves into the AlFe_<i>x</i>NiTiV_{40−<i>x</i>} (<i>x</i> = 0, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40; at%) CCAs, aiming to unlock the synergistic potential of BCC and L2₁ phases. By conducting an in-depth analysis of microstructure, phase behavior, and mechanical properties, the intricate relationships between chemistry, structure, and properties are illuminated within this alloy system. The Al₁₅Fe₃₅Ni₃₀Ti₁₅V₅ alloy demonstrates remarkable mechanical properties, achieving a yield strength of 2140.9 MPa and ultimate compressive strength of 2699.7 MPa, primarily through solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening. Notably, its low lattice mismatches and nanoprecipitate strengthening yield an impressive specific yield strength at 600 °C (245.2 MPa(g·cm⁻³)⁻¹). Phase modulation achieves the synergistic optimization of specific strengths at both room and high temperatures in CCAs containing the L2₁ phase, opening new avenues for designing advanced lightweight and high strength alloys for elevated-temperature applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 5","pages":"3479 - 3495"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced strain of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics ceramics: domain structure evolution induced by electric-fields and temperature","authors":"Yi-Jin Hao,&nbsp;Xiao-Qi Gao,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Tang,&nbsp;Le-Tian Xie,&nbsp;Hao-Yu Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Zhou,&nbsp;Jin-Hao Hu,&nbsp;Huan Liu,&nbsp;He-Zhang Li,&nbsp;Bo-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of BiFeO₃-0.3BaTiO₃ ceramics has gained significant attention due to their high Curie temperature (<i>T</i>_C ≥ 450 °C) and excellent piezoelectric properties (<i>d</i>₃₃ ≥ 200 pC·N⁻¹). These are particularly pronounced near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region where coexisting rhombohedral and pseudocubic (R-PC) phases are observed. In addition, as the BaTiO₃ content increases, BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ ceramics gradually become dominated by a single pseudocubic (PC-) phase. This shift results in a decrease in piezoelectric properties but an enhancement in strain performance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The high strain properties observed in non-MPB compositions provide a motivation for further investigation into these mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the electric-field and temperature-induced domain structure evolution in BiFeO₃-0.4BaTiO₃, which is predominately characterized by the PC phase. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) observations reveal the presence of nanodomains and stripy domains associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), as well as relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) and/or ferroelectrics (FEs). The RFEs exhibit a significantly better strain response than the FEs, providing direct evidence for the enhanced strain properties of RFEs. Elevated-temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms a decrease in B-O bonding and BO₆ deformation, along with an increase in structural symmetry, indicating the formation of RFEs and/or PNRs. The phase diagram shows the Burns temperature (<i>T</i>_B), dielectric maxima temperature (<i>T</i>_m) and freezing temperature (<i>T</i>_f) evaluated from the dielectric spectra; the temperature-induced evolution of domain structures; and the sequential quasi-dielectric states: PNRs, RFEs and FEs. The evolution of the domain structure, including the morphology and ratio of FEs, RFEs and PNRs, induced by either electric-fields or temperature strongly affects the strain properties of RFEs. A superior piezoelectric coefficient of <i>d</i>₃₃^* = 533 pm·V⁻¹ at 40 kV·cm⁻¹ and a large electric strain of <i>S</i>_uni = 0.285% are obtained. These results further validate that domain modulation can effectively enhance the strain properties of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃ ceramics, which makes them promising candidates for actuator applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 4","pages":"2661 - 2671"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New crystal structure of Li3YCl6: structural relationship and ionic conductivity for solid-state electrolytes","authors":"Ji Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Byeongsun Jun,&nbsp;Yong Jun Jang,&nbsp;Chi Ho Lee,&nbsp;Sang Uck Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-03069-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-024-03069-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the pursuit of safer and more energy-dense all-solid-state Li-ion batteries, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have emerged as pivotal components, with halide SSEs distinguished by their excellent electrochemical stability, enhanced Li-ion diffusion, and potential cost-efficiency. These properties depend on the anion elements and the structure of closely packed anion sublattices, such as cubic close-packed (ccp) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) frameworks. Hence, understanding these key differences is essential because they influence the ion diffusion kinetic properties of various halide SSEs. However, research has predominantly shown that ccp anion sublattices generally exhibit higher ionic conductivities than their hcp counterparts, often overlooking the importance of the structural frameworks. To address this issue, we re-evaluated the assumption that a ccp framework is necessary for high electrochemical performance. Specifically, we utilized the three previously synthesized hcp and a ccp frameworks, all with an identical composition of Li₃YCl₆, to assess their thermodynamic stability, synthesizability, and ionic conductivity through ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The results revealed that hcp frameworks could be promising candidates for SSEs, challenging the conventional preference for the ccp framework. With this structural insight, we designed a novel hcp framework to predict a new Li₃YCl₆ crystal structure with the highest ionic conductivity (38 mS·cm⁻¹) among the halide frameworks and a superior 2D Li-ion diffusion pathway. This breakthrough underscores the significance of the anion framework geometry in Li-ion diffusion and highlights the importance of precise crystallographic predictions in developing more efficient and cost-effective battery technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 4","pages":"2366 - 2378"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent extraction systems for selective isolation of light rare earth elements with high selectivity for Sm and La","authors":"Hossein Salehi,&nbsp;Samane Maroufi,&nbsp;Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei,&nbsp;Veena Sahajwalla","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-03019-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-024-03019-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements (REEs) via solvent extraction technique. A stock solution containing lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium was prepared by dissolving their pure mixed oxide (reclaimed from spent Ni-MH batteries) in a diluted HCl solution. Key extractants, including bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), Cyanex 572, trialkylphosphine oxide (Cyanex 923), and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC 88A), along with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier, were utilized to form organic systems. The extraction behavior and separability of these systems at various pH levels as well as their extraction mechanisms were investigated. The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the extraction trend and the experimental pH value, with enhanced selectivity when TBP was added. Notably, Nd and Pr exhibited similar extraction behaviors, with minor deviations from Ce, making their separation difficult to achieve. Sm extraction followed a distinct trend, allowing for its separation from other elements at pH ≤ 2. In contrast, La exhibited a low affinity for coordination with extractants when pH was ≤ 3.5, facilitating the separation of other elements from La, which could then be isolated in the raffinate. Among the studied organic systems, combinations of Cyanex 572 and PC 88A with TBP demonstrated superior performance in element separation. Optimum separation factors were calculated with <i>β</i>_Ce/La = 12, <i>β</i>_Nd/La = 87, <i>β</i>_Pr/La = 127, and <i>β</i>_Sm/La = 3191 for the former, and <i>β</i>_Sm/Ce = 54, <i>β</i>_Sm/Nd = 20, and <i>β</i>_Sm/Pr = 14 for the latter. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting extraction systems and designing experiments for the effective solvent extraction separation of light REEs from their mixture.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 3","pages":"2071 - 2084"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12598-024-03019-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}