Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02772-z
Jia-Lin Cai, Jing-Yi Fan, Xu-Dong Zhang, Xin Xie, Wan-Yu Tian, Xin-Gang Zhang, Jie Ding, Yu-Shan Liu
Efficient bifunction electrocatalyst is extremely interesting for electrochemical overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, a new RuO2-Ru/MoO2@CC (RRM/CC) bifunctional electrocatalyst was prepared via a solid phase reaction strategy. To obtain a suitable precursor for SPR, MoS2 nanosheets and RuO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were sequentially loaded onto carbon cloth conductive substrate. Subsequently, the prepared RuO2/MoS2/CC precursor was sealed in a furnace and annealed in Ar to trigger the redox SPR. After SPR, active RuO2-Ru/MoO2 units containing metal–metal oxide interfaces were formed on CC substrate uniformly. The optimized RRM/CC sample annealed at 400 °C exhibited a overpotential of 13 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 231 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA·cm−2 under alkaline condition, respectively, which can be deduced to the modulated electronic structure and unique hierarchical structure. In addition, a low cell voltage of 1.48 V for OWS was required at 10 mA·cm−2 under alkaline condition. Meanwhile, RRM/CC exhibited excellent pH-independent durability.
{"title":"Construction of RuO2-Ru/MoO2@carbon cloth bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting","authors":"Jia-Lin Cai, Jing-Yi Fan, Xu-Dong Zhang, Xin Xie, Wan-Yu Tian, Xin-Gang Zhang, Jie Ding, Yu-Shan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02772-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02772-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient bifunction electrocatalyst is extremely interesting for electrochemical overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, a new RuO<sub>2</sub>-Ru/MoO<sub>2</sub>@CC (RRM/CC) bifunctional electrocatalyst was prepared via a solid phase reaction strategy. To obtain a suitable precursor for SPR, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets and RuO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were sequentially loaded onto carbon cloth conductive substrate. Subsequently, the prepared RuO<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/CC precursor was sealed in a furnace and annealed in Ar to trigger the redox SPR. After SPR, active RuO<sub>2</sub>-Ru/MoO<sub>2</sub> units containing metal–metal oxide interfaces were formed on CC substrate uniformly. The optimized RRM/CC sample annealed at 400 °C exhibited a overpotential of 13 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 231 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> under alkaline condition, respectively, which can be deduced to the modulated electronic structure and unique hierarchical structure. In addition, a low cell voltage of 1.48 V for OWS was required at 10 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> under alkaline condition. Meanwhile, RRM/CC exhibited excellent pH-independent durability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The V-based body-centered cubic (BCC)-type hydrogen storage alloys have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 3.80 wt%. However, their practical application faces challenges related to low dehydriding capacity and poor activation performance. To overcome these challenges, a BCC-type Ti–V–Cr–Mn–Mo–Ce high-entropy alloy (HEA) with an effectively dehydriding capacity of 2.5 wt% above 0.1 MPa was prepared. By introduction of Mo and conducting heat treatment, the precipitation of Ti-rich phase in HEA was successfully suppressed, resulting in improved compositional uniformity and dehydriding capacity. Consequently, the effective dehydriding capacity increased significantly from 0.60 wt% to 2.50 wt% at 65 °C, surpassing that of other types of hydrogen storage alloys under the same conditions. Moreover, the addition of 1 wt% Ce enabled initial hydrogen absorption at 25 °C without the need for activation at 400 °C. Furthermore, Ce doping reduced the dehydriding activation energy of the Ti–V–Cr–Mn–Mo–Ce HEA from 52.71 to 42.82 kJ·mol−1. Additionally, the enthalpy value of dehydrogenation decreased from 46.89 to 17.96 kJ·mol−1, attributed to a decrease in the hysteresis factor from 0.68 to 0.52. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the hydrogen storage property of HEA.
Graphical Abstract
V 基体心立方（BCC）型储氢合金的理论储氢能力高达 3.80 wt%，因而备受关注。然而，它们的实际应用面临着脱水能力低和活化性能差的挑战。为了克服这些挑战，制备了一种 BCC 型 Ti-V-Cr-Mn-Mo-Ce 高熵合金（HEA），在 0.1 MPa 以上的有效脱水能力为 2.5 wt%。通过引入 Mo 和进行热处理，成功抑制了 HEA 中富钛相的析出，从而改善了成分均匀性和脱水能力。因此，在 65 °C 时，有效脱水能力从 0.60 wt% 显著提高到 2.50 wt%，超过了相同条件下其他类型的储氢合金。此外，添加 1 wt% Ce 后，无需在 400 °C 下活化，即可在 25 °C 下初步吸收氢气。此外，掺杂 Ce 使 Ti-V-Cr-Mn-Mo-Ce HEA 的脱水活化能从 52.71 kJ-mol-1 降至 42.82 kJ-mol-1。此外，脱氢焓值从 46.89 kJ-mol-1 降至 17.96 kJ-mol-1，这归因于滞后因子从 0.68 降至 0.52。这些发现为优化 HEA 的储氢特性提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Development of Ti–V–Cr–Mn–Mo–Ce high-entropy alloys for high-density hydrogen storage in water bath environments","authors":"Hua-Zhou Hu, Hou-Qun Xiao, Xin-Cong He, Wen-Hao Zhou, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Rui-Zhu Tang, Jie Li, Chuan-Ming Ma, Qing-Jun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02618-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02618-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The V-based body-centered cubic (BCC)-type hydrogen storage alloys have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 3.80 wt%. However, their practical application faces challenges related to low dehydriding capacity and poor activation performance. To overcome these challenges, a BCC-type Ti–V–Cr–Mn–Mo–Ce high-entropy alloy (HEA) with an effectively dehydriding capacity of 2.5 wt% above 0.1 MPa was prepared. By introduction of Mo and conducting heat treatment, the precipitation of Ti-rich phase in HEA was successfully suppressed, resulting in improved compositional uniformity and dehydriding capacity. Consequently, the effective dehydriding capacity increased significantly from 0.60 wt% to 2.50 wt% at 65 °C, surpassing that of other types of hydrogen storage alloys under the same conditions. Moreover, the addition of 1 wt% Ce enabled initial hydrogen absorption at 25 °C without the need for activation at 400 °C. Furthermore, Ce doping reduced the dehydriding activation energy of the Ti–V–Cr–Mn–Mo–Ce HEA from 52.71 to 42.82 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the enthalpy value of dehydrogenation decreased from 46.89 to 17.96 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, attributed to a decrease in the hysteresis factor from 0.68 to 0.52. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the hydrogen storage property of HEA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02791-w
Xing-Cong Chen, Wei-Jia Luo, Run-Ni Zhao, Yong-Zheng Wen, Ji Zhou
With the continuous exploration of uncharted and extreme environments, enhanced temperature robustness of passive devices has become particularly important. In this study, a ceramic-based meta-material absorber with exceptional temperature stability is developed using a fusion design approach that combines rare metal-based tungsten bronze structural ceramics and meta-materials. Specifically, the absorbance of the meta-material array based on Mie resonance exceeds 49.0% in both waveguides and free space, approaching the theoretical limit. According to impedance analysis, the absorption performance can be distinctly correlated with the dielectric loss (Qf). Notably, the high-temperature robustness is verified to still be effective at 400 °C. These advancements in our design allow for the use of monolithic materials in fabricating temperature-stable perfect absorbers, providing greater freedom in the dielectric performance and expanding their potential applications, including in space exploration and 5G millimeter-wave scenarios.
Graphical abstract
随着对未知和极端环境的不断探索，增强无源器件的温度稳定性变得尤为重要。本研究采用融合设计方法，将基于稀有金属的钨青铜结构陶瓷和超材料结合在一起，开发出一种具有超强温度稳定性的陶瓷基超材料吸收器。具体来说，基于米氏共振的元材料阵列在波导和自由空间中的吸波率都超过了 49.0%，接近理论极限。根据阻抗分析，吸收性能与介质损耗（Qf）有明显的相关性。值得注意的是，高温稳健性在 400 °C 时仍然有效。我们设计中的这些进步使得使用单片材料制造温度稳定的完美吸收体成为可能，从而为介电性能提供了更大的自由度，并拓展了其潜在应用领域，包括太空探索和 5G 毫米波应用场景。
{"title":"Ceramic-based meta-material absorber with high-temperature stability","authors":"Xing-Cong Chen, Wei-Jia Luo, Run-Ni Zhao, Yong-Zheng Wen, Ji Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02791-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02791-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous exploration of uncharted and extreme environments, enhanced temperature robustness of passive devices has become particularly important. In this study, a ceramic-based meta-material absorber with exceptional temperature stability is developed using a fusion design approach that combines rare metal-based tungsten bronze structural ceramics and meta-materials. Specifically, the absorbance of the meta-material array based on Mie resonance exceeds 49.0% in both waveguides and free space, approaching the theoretical limit. According to impedance analysis, the absorption performance can be distinctly correlated with the dielectric loss (<i>Q</i><sub>f</sub>). Notably, the high-temperature robustness is verified to still be effective at 400 °C. These advancements in our design allow for the use of monolithic materials in fabricating temperature-stable perfect absorbers, providing greater freedom in the dielectric performance and expanding their potential applications, including in space exploration and 5G millimeter-wave scenarios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02739-0
Wei-Wei Wang, Rui Huang, Yu Tao, Peng He, Su-Xing Tuo, Yu-Jian Bian, Rui-Ting Hu, Jun Yan, Yan-Jie Liang, Wen-Chao Zhang
The electrochemical utilization of Zn anodes in aqueous batteries is hampered by the intricate and interconnected issues of Zn dendrite growth, H2 evolution and Zn corrosion reactions. In this study, a multifunctional protective layer comprising MXene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was constructed using a self-assembly strategy. The MXene/g-C3N4 protective layer exhibited robust zincophilic characteristics, which facilitated a uniform distribution of the electric field and ensured a sufficient influx of Zn2+. This reduces the Zn2+ nucleation barrier and prevents dendrite growth. In addition, the hydrophobic nature of the protective layer, coupled with its negative charge, can repel SO42− and select water molecules from the electrolyte, which aids in mitigating corrosion and H2 evolution. The symmetric Zn cell coated with the MXene/g-C3N4 protective layer showed remarkable stability, achieving over 2000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA·cm−2. Furthermore, the MXene/g-C3N4-coated Zn anode paired with a sodium-doped V2O5 cathode (NVO) exhibited enhanced cycling capability over 1500 cycles.
{"title":"Construction of a multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene/g-C3N4 artificial protective layer for dendrite-free aqueous Zn-ion batteries","authors":"Wei-Wei Wang, Rui Huang, Yu Tao, Peng He, Su-Xing Tuo, Yu-Jian Bian, Rui-Ting Hu, Jun Yan, Yan-Jie Liang, Wen-Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02739-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02739-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical utilization of Zn anodes in aqueous batteries is hampered by the intricate and interconnected issues of Zn dendrite growth, H<sub>2</sub> evolution and Zn corrosion reactions. In this study, a multifunctional protective layer comprising MXene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) was constructed using a self-assembly strategy. The MXene/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> protective layer exhibited robust zincophilic characteristics, which facilitated a uniform distribution of the electric field and ensured a sufficient influx of Zn<sup>2+</sup>. This reduces the Zn<sup>2+</sup> nucleation barrier and prevents dendrite growth. In addition, the hydrophobic nature of the protective layer, coupled with its negative charge, can repel SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and select water molecules from the electrolyte, which aids in mitigating corrosion and H<sub>2</sub> evolution. The symmetric Zn cell coated with the MXene/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> protective layer showed remarkable stability, achieving over 2000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, the MXene/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-coated Zn anode paired with a sodium-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> cathode (NVO) exhibited enhanced cycling capability over 1500 cycles.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have shown that microalloying Cu–Ni–Sn alloys using Al inhibits discontinuous precipitation reactions; however, the mechanism has not been investigated yet. Thus, this study explored the properties and precipitation evolution of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys without and with 1 wt% Al(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al) during ageing at 500 °C through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, DO22 ordering first occurred after spinodal decomposition, subsequently transitioning to an L12 ordering phase, during which the discontinuous precipitates gradually nucleated at the grain boundaries and formed ingrains. The alloy hardness increased sharply with ordering and then decreased rapidly after reaching its peak value, due to the dominance of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. However, the DO22 ordered phase did not appear during the ageing of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloy, and a Ni3(Alx, Sn1−x) intermetallic compound with L12 structure was formed, consuming Ni and Sn atoms, thereby significantly suppressing the discontinuous precipitation reaction and improving the stability during prolonged ageing. The tensile strength (yield strength) of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloys at peak hardness were 855 (755) and 936 MPa (892 MPa), respectively, and their main strengthening mechanisms were solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The addition of 1 wt% Al effectively improved the precipitation strengthening effect of Cu–Ni–Sn alloys but severely decreased the ductility.
Graphical Abstract
研究表明，使用铝对铜-镍-锰合金进行微合金化可抑制不连续析出反应，但尚未对其机理进行研究。因此，本研究通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜和高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜，探讨了不含和含 1 wt% Al 的 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金（Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al）在 500 °C 老化过程中的性能和析出演变。结果表明，在 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金中，旋光分解后首先出现 DO22 排序，随后过渡到 L12 排序相，其间不连续析出物逐渐在晶界处成核并形成晶粒。由于不连续析出反应占主导地位，合金硬度随有序化而急剧上升，达到峰值后又迅速下降。然而，Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al 合金在时效过程中并未出现 DO22 有序相，而是形成了具有 L12 结构的 Ni3（Alx，Sn1-x）金属间化合物，消耗了 Ni 原子和 Sn 原子，从而显著抑制了不连续沉淀反应，提高了长时间时效过程中的稳定性。Cu-15Ni-8Sn 和 Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al 合金在峰值硬度下的抗拉强度（屈服强度）分别为 855（755）和 936 MPa（892 MPa），其主要强化机制为固溶强化和沉淀强化。1 wt% Al的添加有效改善了Cu-Ni-Sn合金的沉淀强化效果，但却严重降低了其延展性。
{"title":"Precipitation evolution and properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys via Al microalloying during ageing","authors":"Wei Luo, Li-Jun Peng, Xu-Jun Mi, Hao-Feng Xie, Yi-Cheng Cao, Shu-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies have shown that microalloying Cu–Ni–Sn alloys using Al inhibits discontinuous precipitation reactions; however, the mechanism has not been investigated yet. Thus, this study explored the properties and precipitation evolution of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys without and with 1 wt% Al(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al) during ageing at 500 °C through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, DO<sub>22</sub> ordering first occurred after spinodal decomposition, subsequently transitioning to an L1<sub>2</sub> ordering phase, during which the discontinuous precipitates gradually nucleated at the grain boundaries and formed ingrains. The alloy hardness increased sharply with ordering and then decreased rapidly after reaching its peak value, due to the dominance of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. However, the DO<sub>22</sub> ordered phase did not appear during the ageing of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloy, and a Ni<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Sn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>) intermetallic compound with L1<sub>2</sub> structure was formed, consuming Ni and Sn atoms, thereby significantly suppressing the discontinuous precipitation reaction and improving the stability during prolonged ageing. The tensile strength (yield strength) of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloys at peak hardness were 855 (755) and 936 MPa (892 MPa), respectively, and their main strengthening mechanisms were solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The addition of 1 wt% Al effectively improved the precipitation strengthening effect of Cu–Ni–Sn alloys but severely decreased the ductility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02684-y
Shu Jiang, Guo-Qiang Yuan, Bing-Lu Cui, Huan Pang
One of the main reasons that limit the application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) is the growth of zinc dendrites. In this paper, three different sizes of UiO-67 were synthesized, named B-10, B-15 and B-20, by hydrothermal method and their different performances in ZIBs were compared. Among them, B-10 has the smallest size, larger porosity, as well as a high content of Zr–OH/H2O groups which are excellent zincophilic sites. It is also noteworthy that zinc symmetric batteries composed of zinc foils coated with B-10 have excellent zinc plating/stripping performance at different current densities, with minimal overpotential and up to 700 h of cycling stability at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm−2. B-10 also has the lowest resistance and highest ionic conductivity compared to B-15 and B-20, and has the best ability to inhibit zinc dendrite growth.
{"title":"Pristine UiO-67 nanoparticles for zinc dendrite inhibition","authors":"Shu Jiang, Guo-Qiang Yuan, Bing-Lu Cui, Huan Pang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02684-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02684-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the main reasons that limit the application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) is the growth of zinc dendrites. In this paper, three different sizes of UiO-67 were synthesized, named B-10, B-15 and B-20, by hydrothermal method and their different performances in ZIBs were compared. Among them, B-10 has the smallest size, larger porosity, as well as a high content of Zr–OH/H<sub>2</sub>O groups which are excellent zincophilic sites. It is also noteworthy that zinc symmetric batteries composed of zinc foils coated with B-10 have excellent zinc plating/stripping performance at different current densities, with minimal overpotential and up to 700 h of cycling stability at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. B-10 also has the lowest resistance and highest ionic conductivity compared to B-15 and B-20, and has the best ability to inhibit zinc dendrite growth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02735-4
Chen Ling, Shang-Ping Li, Jie Hou, He-Li Luo
The high-temperature oxidation behavior of novel Co-Cr-Nb-W carbide-strengthened wear-resistance alloys with different Al contents (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt%) at 950, 1000 and 1050 °C was thoroughly investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field emission electron probe analyzer. The porous property of NbC in-situ oxidation products (Nb2O5, CoNb2O6 and Co4Nb2O9) induces a multi-layered oxide scale with micropores and cracks. Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy with 1 wt% Al undergoes catastrophic oxidation and spalling above 1000 °C. The outward transportation of Cr and Co is effectively restrained by a continuous Al2O3 scale formed around NbC in-situ oxidation region when Al content reaches 3 wt%. The β-CoAl in Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy with 3 wt% Al has an oxidation priority over eutectic carbides and the alloy matrix which are both enriched with Cr, thereby preventing the formation of Cr-depletion area and improving the self-healing ability of the oxide film. A slight change in Al content has a remarkable influence on the cooperative effect of Al and Cr and multiplies the antioxidant capacity of Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy above 1000 °C.
{"title":"Revealing effect of Al content on oxidation of novel Co-Cr-Nb-W carbide-strengthened superalloy","authors":"Chen Ling, Shang-Ping Li, Jie Hou, He-Li Luo","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02735-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02735-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high-temperature oxidation behavior of novel Co-Cr-Nb-W carbide-strengthened wear-resistance alloys with different Al contents (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt%) at 950, 1000 and 1050 °C was thoroughly investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field emission electron probe analyzer. The porous property of NbC in-situ oxidation products (Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, CoNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> and Co<sub>4</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub>) induces a multi-layered oxide scale with micropores and cracks. Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy with 1 wt% Al undergoes catastrophic oxidation and spalling above 1000 °C. The outward transportation of Cr and Co is effectively restrained by a continuous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> scale formed around NbC in-situ oxidation region when Al content reaches 3 wt%. The <i>β</i>-CoAl in Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy with 3 wt% Al has an oxidation priority over eutectic carbides and the alloy matrix which are both enriched with Cr, thereby preventing the formation of Cr-depletion area and improving the self-healing ability of the oxide film. A slight change in Al content has a remarkable influence on the cooperative effect of Al and Cr and multiplies the antioxidant capacity of Co-Cr-Nb-W alloy above 1000 °C.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02726-5
Chiara Belloni, Mohanakrishnan Logan, Stefano Papirio, Piet N. L. Lens
Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements (REEs) (such as neodymium, lanthanum and dysprosium), and chalcogens (such as selenium and tellurium) are associated with a huge economic and environmental cost. Therefore, the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming urgent. Batch assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate (> 80%) and enhanced selenate removal by 66% ± 10%. Three 3.9 L continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and 30 °C. Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of ~ 98% with an influent pH of 4.0 for more than 28 days. The effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98% was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite concentrations. The complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH (7.0 ± 0.5) was attributed to precipitation, whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial reduction. However, at acidic pH, biosorption was responsible for REE’s removal, and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE’s removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.
{"title":"Simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge","authors":"Chiara Belloni, Mohanakrishnan Logan, Stefano Papirio, Piet N. L. Lens","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02726-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02726-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements (REEs) (such as neodymium, lanthanum and dysprosium), and chalcogens (such as selenium and tellurium) are associated with a huge economic and environmental cost. Therefore, the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming urgent. Batch assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate (> 80%) and enhanced selenate removal by 66% ± 10%. Three 3.9 L continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and 30 °C. Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of ~ 98% with an influent pH of 4.0 for more than 28 days. The effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98% was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite concentrations. The complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH (7.0 ± 0.5) was attributed to precipitation, whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial reduction. However, at acidic pH, biosorption was responsible for REE’s removal, and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE’s removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号