The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA)最新文献

Mechanotransduction is the biological process by which physical forces are converted into biochemical signals, playing a central role in alveolar bone remodelling. This remodelling is influenced by external stimuli such as mechanical stress, bone loss, and medication-related osteonecrosis. While most in vivo studies have focused on mechanotransductive changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL), it is increasingly recognised that the alveolar bone itself plays a broader and more complex role in this dynamic process. This narrative review presents a quali-tative synthesis of literature sourced from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, emphasising the cellular and molecular pathways involved in mechanotransduction within alveolar bone. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential for advancing applications in orthodon-tic tooth movement, dental implant osseointegration, and musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Moreover, insights into the biomechanical regulation of bone may facilitate the development of improved biomaterials and regenerative strategies in clinical dentistry and orthopaedics.

Objective: To explore the association of PAX3 gene variants and non-syndromic orofacial cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) among the Han Chinese population in Western China.

Methods: A total of 1,626 NSCL/P patients, 886 non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) pa-tients and 2,255 controls were recruited for association analysis. A total of 8 NSCPO patients, 7 non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) patients, and 3 normal controls were recruited for RNA sequencing. Blood samples were collected, genotype data for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the PAX3 gene were obtained and multi-level association analyses were conducted to explore their relationship with NSCL/P, including functional predictions of disease-related SNPs. Additionally, RNA sequencing was performed to investigate differences in PAX3 gene expression between patients with NSCL/P and controls. The study was conducted in PLINK analysis.

Results: rs2033806 was significantly associated with NSCL/P, whereas rs1430651 was mar-ginally associated with NSCL/P. None were significantly associated with NSCPO. In addition, rs2033806 was also associated with the subtypes NSCLP and NSCLO.

Conclusion: rs2033806 at PAX3 showed different frequency distributions between non-syn-dromic oral cleft (NSOC) patients and controls, providing new insights into the aetiologies of NSOC.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilising 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has emerged as a signifi-cant non-invasive treatment for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). PDT involves the use of a photosensitiser (5-ALA), light and oxygen to selectively target and destroy diseased tissues via photochemical reactions. This therapy has shown promising results in treating vari-ous OPMDs, such as oral leucoplakia, oral erythroplakia and oral lichen planus. This consensus document outlines the clinical application of 5-ALA-PDT, providing a comprehensive guide for oral mucosal specialists and stomatology departments. The consensus includes detailed recommendations on irradiation dose, irradiation time, light source selection, pre-treatment preparation, clinical diagnosis, treatment protocols, efficacy evaluation and management of post-treatment adverse events. The goal is to standardise 5-ALA-PDT procedures to improve clinical outcomes and provide a scientific basis for the treatment of OPMDs. By offering guid-ance on patient selection, lesion assessment and therapeutic strategies, this document aims to address current clinical challenges and enhance the effectiveness of PDT in managing oral mucosal diseases.

Objective: To compare the marginal fit and mechanical performance of three-unit implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs) fabricated using fully digital and conventional workflows.

Methods: Three-unit ISFDP specimens in this study simulated the restoration of three consecu-tively missing teeth in the mandibular posterior region. Twenty-four specimens were divided into three groups: the zirconia fully digital (ZFD) group received zirconia ISFDPs fabricated using a fully digital workflow; the polyetherketoneketone fully digital (PFD) group received polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) ISFDPs fabricated using a fully digital workflow; and the zir-conia control (ZC) group received zirconia ISFDPs fabricated using a conventional workflow. Marginal gaps between restorations and abutments during passive and active fit were meas-ured, and initial screw loosening torque values of restorations were recorded. After undergoing 1,200,000 cycles of vertical loading, the restorations were reassessed for marginal gaps and loosening torque values.

Results: Marginal fit under passive and active fit in the ZFD group showed no significant dif-ference in relation to the ZC group. Marginal gaps in the PFD group (134.39 ± 41.13 µm) under passive fit were significantly larger than in the ZFD group, and decreased significantly under active fit (22.28 ± 10.45 µm). No significant difference in marginal fit was observed before and after cyclic loading in all groups. No significant difference was found in loosening torque change between the ZFD and ZC groups, whereas the change in the PFD group (median -2.13%, Q25 -3.30%/Q75 0.28%) was significantly lower than in the ZC group (median -5.83%, Q25 -8.46%/Q75 -3.75%).

Conclusion: Three-unit ISFDPs fabricated using fully digital and conventional workflows exhibit similar marginal fit and mechanical performance. Additionally, PEKK ISFDPs demonstrate clinically acceptable marginal fit and mechanical performance.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a novel software developed to assist dental students in mak-ing tooth ground sections and gaining knowledge of dental hard tissues.

Methods: Students were divided into three groups (class-use group, after-class-use group and control group) and taught how to make real sections or allowed to use the aforementioned software to make virtual tooth ground sections on the computer. The present authors then assessed the efficiency of making the first tooth ground sections, the quality of ground sections and performance skills.

Results: The sectioning time for the class-use group was less than that for the after-class-use group and control group (P = 0.027), and the quality of sections for the class-use group was higher (P = 0.036). In the objective test 1 week later, the after-class-use group performed better than the control group (P = 0.019). Users agreed that the software stimulated their interest and improved their learning results.

Conclusion: This software is an efficient tool to help students to make tooth ground sections and study the histology of dental hard tissues in a simple and functional way.

Biomineralisation is a remarkable biological process in which living organisms exert precise control over the nucleation and growth of inorganic crystalline phases, resulting in the formation of hierarchically structured biocomposites that exhibit exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Since damage to bone and teeth directly affect everyday life, various biomimetic mineralised materials have been engineered for use in biomedical applications. While bioinspired materials typically demonstrate superior mechanical properties and biological functions, significant disparities remain between biomimetic constructs and their natural counterparts, especially concerning mechanical performance and multiscale structural organisation. This review initially describes the dynamic reciprocity between type I collagen fibrils, amorphous calcium phosphate phases and multifunctional non-collagenous protein within mineralisation microenvironments. Furthermore, it evaluates recent progress in advanced biomaterials based on biomimetic mineralisation strategies and seeks to spark innovative and promising solutions for investigators exploring biomineralisation principles in regenerative medicine and hard tissue reconstruction. Existing problems and future directions are discussed.

Objective: To compare the prevalence and morphological characteristics of canalis sinuosus (CS) between unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and control groups.

Methods: The sample consisted of 238 CBCT images (476 sides) from 98 UCLP subjects (196 sides), 36 BCLP subjects (72 sides) and 104 healthy controls (208 sides). Recorded parameters included prevalence of CS, diameter, location of the teeth and adjacent structures. Afterwards, the recorded parameters were compared between the UCLP, BCLP and control groups.

Results: The prevalence of CS in the control, UCLP and BCLP groups showed significant differences. The BCLP group revealed a significantly lower prevalence of CS than the UCLP and control groups. There was a considerable increase in CS diameter in the CLP groups compared with the control group. The terminal location of CS was in the canine region for the CLP groups and in the lateral incisor region for the control group. CLP had a significant impact on the location of the end of the CS. CEJB (cementoenamel junction buccal) and CEJL (cementoenamel junction lingual) measurements showed significant differences between the CLP cases and control groups.

Conclusion: Different characteristics was revealed between the control, UCLP and BCLP groups. Assessment of CS in patients with CLP with CBCT images is crucial before performing surgical procedures.

The diagnosis of a facial sinus tract caused by periapical infection remains difficult due to the wide range of potential aetiologies. The canine is the only maxillary tooth that has been reported to serve as the source of infection for a facial sinus tract. The scenario encountered in the present case was extremely rare as the facial sinus tract was caused by the maxillary molar. The buccal alveolar bone of the maxillary right first molar had been destroyed due to periodontitis and aberrant occlusal force, which caused a periapical abscess in the maxillary right first molar site and ultimately drained extraorally. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the potential for a periapical lesion of the maxillary molar to induce facial sinus tracts and propose a non-surgical therapeutic approach for such cases.

Objective: To evaluate the precision and efficiency of dynamic navigation-assisted trephines and fissure drills at varying depths utilising a 3D printed model.

Methods: A computer-designed in vitro standardised model was 3D printed using photosensitive resin, with hemispherical cavities reserved at depths of 5, 10 and 15 mm from the outer surface of the model. CBCT scans were taken before the procedure, and the data were imported into dynamic navigation software. Navigation paths were planned and executed using a trephine with a diameter of 4 mm and a fissure drill with a diameter of 1.2 mm guided by the dynamic navigation system. Ten procedures were performed at each depth. Postoperative CBCT scans were taken to reconstruct the navigated trajectories, and the platform deviations, end deviations and angular deviations were calculated by comparing the actual paths with the planned paths. The operating time was recorded.

Results: Under the guidance of the dynamic navigation system, the mean platform, end and angular deviations for trephines were 0.34 ± 0.17 mm, 0.25 ± 0.15 mm and 1.02 ± 0.49 degrees, respectively. For fissure drills, the mean deviations were 0.29 ± 0.13 mm, 0.31 ± 0.18 mm, and 1.33 ± 0.98 degrees, respectively. No significant differences were found with different depths or instrument types (P > 0.05). High-speed handpieces with fissure drills showed superior efficiency to low-speed handpieces with trephines (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Dynamic navigation technology achieved good accuracy within a 15-mm depth range. The use of a trephine or fissure drill did not affect the accuracy of the dynamic navigation technique. High-speed handpieces with fissure drills showed superior efficiency.

Objective: To evaluate the association between systemic diseases and severity of periodontitis based on Chinese epidemiological data.

Methods: Data of dentate subjects (35- to 44-year-old group, 55- to 64-year-old group, and 65- to 74-year-old group) from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China were analyzed. Selfreport diagnosis of systemic diseases was based on face-to-face interview. Periodontal status was defined by the 2018 classification scheme and periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL).

Results: The prevalence of systemic diseases, was much higher in subjects with advanced periodontitis but similar in subjects with other periodontal status. The association between systemic diseases and advanced periodontitis is stronger in the younger adult group but weakens with age.

Conclusion: Periodontitis is a significant associated with systemic diseases, especially hypertension, heart disease, diabetes among Chinese adults based on the data of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China. In view of the worsening health burden of periodontitis, it might be necessary for healthcare providers to be more concerned about prevention and treatment of periodontitis in order to enhance systemic health.