The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA)最新文献

Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOCs) are the most common craniofacial malformation. In the complex aetiology and pathogenesis of NSOCs, genetic factors play a crucial role and IRF6, located at chromosome 1q32.2, is the best documented NSOC susceptibility gene. IRF6 is a key factor in oral maxillofacial development and known to contribute the most in NSOCs. It is essential to conduct a complete review of the existing results on IRF6 to further understand its role in the pathogenesis of NSOCs. Thus, the present authors summarised the research progress on the mechanism of IRF6 in NSOCs from both genetic and functional perspectives in this review.

MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome was first reported in 2020 and only 28 patients have been recorded to date. Since MCTT syndrome is a newly defined and rare syndrome with many clinical features, the present study reviewed the manifestations and management of oral and dental anomalies. Gene variants of MCTT syndrome and their positive phenotypes were summarised. The phenotypes of variants in two exons differed from each other mainly in the craniomaxillofacial region, including brain MRI abnormalities and palatal morphology. Pathogenic mechanisms, especially in craniofacial and oral anomalies, were discussed. Appropriate treatments in the stomatology and respiratory departments could improve the symptoms of MCTT syndrome. The different sites of MN1 gene variants may influence the clinical symptoms and there may be racial differences in MCTT syndrome. We recommend oral and pulmonary evaluations for the multidisciplinary treatment of MCTT syndrome.

Objective: To analyse the aetiology and pathogenesis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GS; also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome [NBCCS] or basal cell nevus syndrome [BCNS]) in a Chinese family.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on genomic DNA samples from the subjects in a family, followed by the investigation of pathogenesis via bioinformatic approaches and conformational analysis.

Results: A novel heterozygous non-frameshift deletion patched 1 (PTCH1) [NM_000264: c.3512_3526del (p.1171_1176del)] was identified by WES and further validated by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic and conformational analysis showed that the mutation caused altered PTCH1 protein structure, which may be related to functional abnormalities.

Conclusion: This study expands the mutation spectrum of PTCH1 in GS and facilitates the early diagnosis and screening of GS. PTCH1 [c.3512_3526del (p.1171_1176del)] may cause structural abnormalities and functional disabilities, leading to GS in families.

Oral health is an important component of general health, and oral disease is one of the most common human diseases that not only affects oral health and quality of life, but is also closely associated with overall health. Natural teeth are important functional organs and are crucial to oral functions and maintaining a healthy life. The Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA) has released this position statement on "Preserving Natural Teeth to Maintain Oral Health", which is one of the most important achievements of the 2021 to 2023 CSA Annual Congress themed "Healthy Mouth, Protecting Natural Teeth", advocating that everyone should take effective measures to protect their natural teeth, maintain oral health and promote general health.

Coordination and information exchange among the various organelles ensure the precise and orderly functioning of eukaryotic cells. Interaction between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm is crucial for many physiological processes. Macromolecular protein transport into the nucleus requires assistance from the nuclear transport system. These proteins typically contain a nuclear localisation sequence that guides them to enter the nucleus. Understanding the mechanism of nuclear import of macromolecular proteins is important for comprehending cellular processes. Investigation of disease-related alterations can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies and provide additional evidence for clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the proteins involved in nuclear transport and the mechanisms underlying macromolecular protein transport.

The dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene is the only identified causative gene for dentinogenesis imperfecta type 2 (DGI-II), dentinogenesis imperfecta type 3 (DGI-III) and dentine dysplasia type 2 (DD-II). These three disorders may have similar molecular mechanisms involved in bridging the DSPP mutations and the resulting abnormal dentine mineralisation. The DSPP encoding proteins DSP (dentine sialoprotein) and DPP (dentine phosphoprotein) are positive regulators of dentine formation and perform a function during dentinogenesis. The present review focused on the recent findings and viewpoints regarding the relationship between DSPP and dentinogenesis as well as mineralisation from multiple perspectives, involving studies relating to spatial structure and tissue localisation of DSPP, DSP and DPP, the biochemical characteristics and biological function of these molecules, and the causative role of the proteins in phenotypes of the knockout mouse model and in hereditary dentine defects.

Objective: To provide novel insights into the aetiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) by integrating multi-omics data and exploring susceptibility genes associated with NSCL/P.

Methods: A two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of NSCL/P was performed, involving a total of 1,069 cases and 1,724 controls. Using promoter capture Hi-C (pCHi-C) datasets in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in craniofacial tissues, we filtered out single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with active cis-regulation and their target genes. Additionally, we employed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to identify candidate genes.

Results: Thirteen SNPs were identified as cis-regulation units associated with the risk of NSCL/P. Five of these were proven to be active in chromatin states in early human craniofacial development (rs7218002: odds ratio [OR] 1.50, P = 8.14E-08; rs835367: OR 0.78, P = 3.48E- 05; rs77022994: OR 0.55, P = 1.05E-04; rs961470: OR 0.73, P = 1.38E-04; rs17314727: OR 0.73, P = 1.85E-04). Additionally, pCHi-C and eQTL analysis prioritised three candidate genes (rs7218002: NTN1, rs835367: FGGY, LINC01135). NTN1 and FGGY were expressed in mouse orofacial development. Deficiencies in NTN1, FGGY and LINC01135 were associated with cleft palate and cleft lip, abnormal facial shape and bifid uvula, and abnormality of the face, respectively.

Conclusion: Our study identified five SNPs (rs7218002, rs835367, rs77022994, rs961470 and rs17314727) and three susceptibility genes (NTN1, FGGY and LINC01135) associated with NSCL/P. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge structure and research hotspots of Cowden syndrome via bibliometrics.

Methods: The articles and reviews related to Cowden syndrome were included from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and GraphPad Prism were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis.

Results: The number of papers focusing on Cowden syndrome was relatively low initially but increased rapidly from 1997 to 1999, and then maintained small-scale fluctuation. A total of 1,557 papers from 65 countries/regions and 1,762 institutions were identified. The USA was the most productive country, and Ohio State University was the most productive institution. In terms of the number of publications, Human Molecular Genetics ranked first, and Cancer Research was the most frequently cited journal. Eng was the most productive author, and Liaw was the most co-cited author. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), germline mutations, gene, cancer, mutations, tumour suppressor gene and breast were high-frequency key words in this field.

Conclusion: This study was the first comprehensive bibliometric overview of the current state and development of Cowden disease. The mutation of PTEN and associated cancers, especially breast, thyroid and endometrial cancer, could be the focus of future research in this field.

Objective: To explore the genetic background and clinical phenotypes of multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR) in a Chinese family.

Methods: The proband and his three family members were clinically examined and had radiographs taken with a radiovisiography (RVG) system and CBCT to define the diagnosis of MICRR. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the patient, his father, mother and younger sister for whole exome sequencing (WES). The pathogenicity of rare variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) less than 0.005 were analysed following possible inheritance patterns, predicted results from 12 software programs, the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) 2015 criteria, and information from ClinVar, OMIM and HGMD databases as well as gene function.

Results: The proband presented the typical MICRR phenotypes such as thin cervical pulp wall and apple core-like lesions in radiographs. Following the recessive inheritance pattern, WES analysis identified SHROOM2, SYTL5, MAGED1 and FLNA with a higher chance of causing MICRR. Four genes with compound heterozygous variants and another 27 genes with de novo variants either in autosomal-dominant or autosomal-recessive pattern were also found to have the potential pathogenicity.

Conclusion: A total of 35 novel potential pathogenic genes were found to be associated with MICRR from a Chinese family through WES. The new genetic background of MICRR may be helpful for clinical and molecular diagnosis.