Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-8
L. Pelekh
The article presents and substantiates the peculiarities of spring wheat cultivation depending on the genotype, type of predecessor and different fertilizer rates. The varietal comparison of agrocenoses of foreign selection was made. The signs of influence of separate elements of technology on the field similarity of plants, their value of productive tillering and yield changes of spring wheat varieties. The share of influence of factors and their interaction on formation of spring wheat grain yield was determined. The research found that the field germination of spring wheat seeds after soybean, sunflower and corn varied depending on the year of research. For the cultivar Aquilon, the greatest variation in percent similarity was found between 2019 and 2020, ranging from 2.6% after soybeans to 5.0% after sunflowers. For the Collada variety, this difference was less and was 1.6% and 1.9% after soybean and sunflower, respectively. Therefore, the Collada variety was more plastic in relation to the predecessor. The highest coefficient of productive tillering of spring wheat plants in the variety Aquilon 1,90-1,93 was obtained with the fertilizer N120Р60К60. For the variety Shiroko productive tillering rate increased by 4-9% when N60Р60К60 was applied. When N120Р60К60 was applied, this figure rose by 7-12% and was 1.85-1.92. For the variety Kollada coefficient of productive tillering 1.85 was the highest after corn on grain and the application of mineral fertilizers in the rate of N120Р60К60. On average for two years of research grain yield of spring wheat variety Shiroko varied in the range of 4.38-6.38 t/ha, in the variety Aquilon - 4.02-6.07 t/ha, and in the variety Kollada - 5.36- 6.61 t/ha depending on the variants of experience. The share of the influence of the factors fertilizer, variety, forecrop was 55%, 18% and 9%, respectively. Between the interaction of factors the combination fertilizer-variety - was the highest and amounted to 2,3%.
{"title":"FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCENOSES OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON CERTAIN TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS","authors":"L. Pelekh","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents and substantiates the peculiarities of spring wheat cultivation depending on the genotype, type of predecessor and different fertilizer rates. The varietal comparison of agrocenoses of foreign selection was made. The signs of influence of separate elements of technology on the field similarity of plants, their value of productive tillering and yield changes of spring wheat varieties. The share of influence of factors and their interaction on formation of spring wheat grain yield was determined. The research found that the field germination of spring wheat seeds after soybean, sunflower and corn varied depending on the year of research. For the cultivar Aquilon, the greatest variation in percent similarity was found between 2019 and 2020, ranging from 2.6% after soybeans to 5.0% after sunflowers. For the Collada variety, this difference was less and was 1.6% and 1.9% after soybean and sunflower, respectively. Therefore, the Collada variety was more plastic in relation to the predecessor. The highest coefficient of productive tillering of spring wheat plants in the variety Aquilon 1,90-1,93 was obtained with the fertilizer N120Р60К60. For the variety Shiroko productive tillering rate increased by 4-9% when N60Р60К60 was applied. When N120Р60К60 was applied, this figure rose by 7-12% and was 1.85-1.92. For the variety Kollada coefficient of productive tillering 1.85 was the highest after corn on grain and the application of mineral fertilizers in the rate of N120Р60К60. On average for two years of research grain yield of spring wheat variety Shiroko varied in the range of 4.38-6.38 t/ha, in the variety Aquilon - 4.02-6.07 t/ha, and in the variety Kollada - 5.36- 6.61 t/ha depending on the variants of experience. The share of the influence of the factors fertilizer, variety, forecrop was 55%, 18% and 9%, respectively. Between the interaction of factors the combination fertilizer-variety - was the highest and amounted to 2,3%.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"169 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72482340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-1
V. Mazur, I. Didur, H. Pantsyreva, M. Mordvaniuk
In the context of climate change in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as temperature fluctuations over the years, an important direction in increasing the productivity of arable land is the cultivation of drought-resistant leguminous crops and the improvement of technological methods of cultivation aimed at creating highly productive agrocenoses. It has been studied that chickpeas are among the drought-resistant leguminous crops, which can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts; a detailed analysis of the features of energy-efficient technological aspects of growing chickpeas has been carried out. It was revealed that the factors that have a direct impact on energy efficiency indicators in the context of climate change include pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar top dressing. The calculations proved the absence of a negative energy balance when growing chickpeas. Consequently, the sum of the total energy costs and calculations of the developed technology amounted to 17,611.2 MJ. In Pegasus chickpea plants, the energy consumption control was 14.85 GJ / ha and the gross energy yield was 34.26 GJ / ha, while the net energy profit was 19.46 GJ / ha and the energy efficiency ratio was 2.31. The highest energy efficiency coefficient (3.20) was recorded for the technology of growing chickpeas, which provides for a combination of pre-sowing treatment of seeds to the bioenoculant Rizoline in combination with Risosave and two-time foliar top dressing of microfertilizers Harvest legumes in the phase of intensive growth. It is thanks to the optimal combination and development of new adaptive technological methods in the varietal technology of growing chickpeas for the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine that it is possible to obtain competitive products with high-quality energy valuable seeds.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF CHICKPEA GROWING IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"V. Mazur, I. Didur, H. Pantsyreva, M. Mordvaniuk","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of climate change in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as temperature fluctuations over the years, an important direction in increasing the productivity of arable land is the cultivation of drought-resistant leguminous crops and the improvement of technological methods of cultivation aimed at creating highly productive agrocenoses. It has been studied that chickpeas are among the drought-resistant leguminous crops, which can withstand high temperatures and prolonged droughts; a detailed analysis of the features of energy-efficient technological aspects of growing chickpeas has been carried out. It was revealed that the factors that have a direct impact on energy efficiency indicators in the context of climate change include pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar top dressing. The calculations proved the absence of a negative energy balance when growing chickpeas. Consequently, the sum of the total energy costs and calculations of the developed technology amounted to 17,611.2 MJ. In Pegasus chickpea plants, the energy consumption control was 14.85 GJ / ha and the gross energy yield was 34.26 GJ / ha, while the net energy profit was 19.46 GJ / ha and the energy efficiency ratio was 2.31. The highest energy efficiency coefficient (3.20) was recorded for the technology of growing chickpeas, which provides for a combination of pre-sowing treatment of seeds to the bioenoculant Rizoline in combination with Risosave and two-time foliar top dressing of microfertilizers Harvest legumes in the phase of intensive growth. It is thanks to the optimal combination and development of new adaptive technological methods in the varietal technology of growing chickpeas for the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine that it is possible to obtain competitive products with high-quality energy valuable seeds.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-8
O. Mazur, A. Mironova
The article presents the results of research to determine the optimal technological methods of growing seed potatoes. The optimal nutrition background and method of fertilizer application, weight of planting tubers and potato varieties have been established, which provide high indicators of economic and energy efficiency of these elements of potato growing technology. The highest indicators of economic efficiency of potato growing were noted in the experimental version, where against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the action of semi-roasted manure was carried out local application of Nitroammophoska (N45P45K45). The highest conditional net profit was 228,300 and 184,900 UAH / ha in the varieties Granada and Memphis for fraction of seed tubers 28-60 mm. However, the highest profitability was observed against this background of nutrition and method of application, but for fraction of seed tubers < 28 mm in varieties of Granada - 216.6; Memphis - 178.1 and Laperla - 153.1%, and fraction of seed tubers 28-60 mm - 157.6; 126.9 and 102.4%, respectively, in these varieties of potatoes. The decrease in the level of profitability was observed for fraction of seed tubers ˃ 60 mm to 99.9; 78.6 and 59.1%, respectively. This is due to the significant costs of planting material from 5.4 to 5.5 t / ha and the increase in the cost of planting material, and despite the increase in yields has led to lower profitability. Option, where against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the action of semi-fermented manure was carried out local application of Nitroammophoska (N45P45K45) provided the highest energy efficiency. Thus, the energy yield with a yield ranged from 109.89 to 141.71 and from 120.25 to 152.07 GJ / ha with an increase in the fraction of seed tubers and different varietal composition. The highest coefficient of energy efficiency was observed for fraction of seed tubers < 28 mm, which varied from 1.78 to 2.28 and was less than the maximum for fraction of seed tubers ˃ 60 mm - 1.62-2.04.
{"title":"ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SEED POTATO GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK","authors":"O. Mazur, A. Mironova","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research to determine the optimal technological methods of growing seed potatoes. The optimal nutrition background and method of fertilizer application, weight of planting tubers and potato varieties have been established, which provide high indicators of economic and energy efficiency of these elements of potato growing technology. The highest indicators of economic efficiency of potato growing were noted in the experimental version, where against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the action of semi-roasted manure was carried out local application of Nitroammophoska (N45P45K45). The highest conditional net profit was 228,300 and 184,900 UAH / ha in the varieties Granada and Memphis for fraction of seed tubers 28-60 mm. However, the highest profitability was observed against this background of nutrition and method of application, but for fraction of seed tubers < 28 mm in varieties of Granada - 216.6; Memphis - 178.1 and Laperla - 153.1%, and fraction of seed tubers 28-60 mm - 157.6; 126.9 and 102.4%, respectively, in these varieties of potatoes. The decrease in the level of profitability was observed for fraction of seed tubers ˃ 60 mm to 99.9; 78.6 and 59.1%, respectively. This is due to the significant costs of planting material from 5.4 to 5.5 t / ha and the increase in the cost of planting material, and despite the increase in yields has led to lower profitability. Option, where against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the action of semi-fermented manure was carried out local application of Nitroammophoska (N45P45K45) provided the highest energy efficiency. Thus, the energy yield with a yield ranged from 109.89 to 141.71 and from 120.25 to 152.07 GJ / ha with an increase in the fraction of seed tubers and different varietal composition. The highest coefficient of energy efficiency was observed for fraction of seed tubers < 28 mm, which varied from 1.78 to 2.28 and was less than the maximum for fraction of seed tubers ˃ 60 mm - 1.62-2.04.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75161891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-7
Yurii Shcatula, Yuriy Storozhuk
Maize is a crop with a high yield potential and depends on technologies adapted to the conditions of the region. To form a high yield, the crop needs a balanced diet. One of the most effective means of influencing the yield and quality of corn grain is the application of mineral fertilizers. Foliar fertilization of corn crops can be an effective agronomic measure to stimulatephysiological processes under the influence of growth regulators on the development of corn in the initial stages, providing plants with trace elements during the growing season. Studies have shown that the growth of the leaf surface of plants of maize hybrids increased significantly with the growth and development of plants and reached maximum values before the flowering phase, followed by a slight decrease in the area of the leaf apparatus in subsequent growing seasons. The highest indicators of leaf surface area were observed in the areas where growth stimulant Regoplant and microfertilizer Chelatin Zinc were applied foliarly in the phase of 3-5 leaves of corn. Thus, the leaf area of the middle-early hybrid of maize DKS 3795 was 0,429 m2/plant, which is more than in the control plots by 0,026 m2/plant. Accordingly, the leaf area of the medium-ripe hybrid DKS-3511 was at the level of 0,467 m2/per plant, which is greater than the control plots by 0,035 m2/per plant. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of energy use in the production of crop products is to optimize technological methods and increase the yield per unit area. Energy analysis, which is a concentrated expression of the law of conservation and conversion of energy, allows you to compare energy consumption and energy content (receipt) in the harvest. Energy costs for growing maize hybrid 3511 for grain in control areas (without treatment with drugs) increased to 58,75 GJ, with the introduction of microfertilizers and growth regulators to 70,52 – 75,31 GJ. The energy coefficient was highest in the areas where plant growth stimulant Regoplant and microfertilizer Chelatin Zinc were applied – 1,94.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF EXTRA-ROOT NUTRITION ON BIOENERGETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN GRAIN","authors":"Yurii Shcatula, Yuriy Storozhuk","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is a crop with a high yield potential and depends on technologies adapted to the conditions of the region. To form a high yield, the crop needs a balanced diet. One of the most effective means of influencing the yield and quality of corn grain is the application of mineral fertilizers. Foliar fertilization of corn crops can be an effective agronomic measure to stimulatephysiological processes under the influence of growth regulators on the development of corn in the initial stages, providing plants with trace elements during the growing season. Studies have shown that the growth of the leaf surface of plants of maize hybrids increased significantly with the growth and development of plants and reached maximum values before the flowering phase, followed by a slight decrease in the area of the leaf apparatus in subsequent growing seasons. The highest indicators of leaf surface area were observed in the areas where growth stimulant Regoplant and microfertilizer Chelatin Zinc were applied foliarly in the phase of 3-5 leaves of corn. Thus, the leaf area of the middle-early hybrid of maize DKS 3795 was 0,429 m2/plant, which is more than in the control plots by 0,026 m2/plant. Accordingly, the leaf area of the medium-ripe hybrid DKS-3511 was at the level of 0,467 m2/per plant, which is greater than the control plots by 0,035 m2/per plant. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of energy use in the production of crop products is to optimize technological methods and increase the yield per unit area. Energy analysis, which is a concentrated expression of the law of conservation and conversion of energy, allows you to compare energy consumption and energy content (receipt) in the harvest. Energy costs for growing maize hybrid 3511 for grain in control areas (without treatment with drugs) increased to 58,75 GJ, with the introduction of microfertilizers and growth regulators to 70,52 – 75,31 GJ. The energy coefficient was highest in the areas where plant growth stimulant Regoplant and microfertilizer Chelatin Zinc were applied – 1,94.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76869515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-17
O. Tkachuk
A sufficient amount of precipitation and a moderate air temperature are necessary for optimal growth and development processes, as well as the formation of reproductive organs of plants. Since their excessive or insufficient amount, as well as elevated or low temperature conditions, delay or accelerate the passage of interphase periods and adversely affect the duration of vegetative and generative growth of spring barley plants. In the course of research, it was established that in order to reduce the negative impact of the weather conditions of individual years on the stability of the gross harvest of barley grain, it is necessary to carry out foliar feeding in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube with biological preparations, such as Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyte - 2 l/ha. The duration of the period of earing-full ripeness turned out to be the most contrasting in response to the application of fertilizers. Thus, in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15Р15К15 and with one-time treatment with biological preparations Help Rost 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha, the duration of this period was extended by 1 day compared to the control variant and by 2 days for two-time feeding with the indicated preparations in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube. So, in general, the duration of the growing season in spring barley varieties Armaks and Swagor on the control variant were the lowest and amounted to 83 and 79 days, respectively.By carrying out one-time foliar fertilization in the budding phase with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the length of the growing season was extended to 85 and 86 days and 81 and 82 days , it is higher than on the control variant by 2 and 4; 2 and 3 days, respectively. With a two-time foliar feeding in the phase of bushing and emergence of plants in the tube with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha and Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the duration of the growing season was extended to 86 and 87 days.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS ON THE DURATION OF THE INTERPHASE PERIOD OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"O. Tkachuk","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-17","url":null,"abstract":"A sufficient amount of precipitation and a moderate air temperature are necessary for optimal growth and development processes, as well as the formation of reproductive organs of plants. Since their excessive or insufficient amount, as well as elevated or low temperature conditions, delay or accelerate the passage of interphase periods and adversely affect the duration of vegetative and generative growth of spring barley plants. In the course of research, it was established that in order to reduce the negative impact of the weather conditions of individual years on the stability of the gross harvest of barley grain, it is necessary to carry out foliar feeding in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube with biological preparations, such as Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyte - 2 l/ha. The duration of the period of earing-full ripeness turned out to be the most contrasting in response to the application of fertilizers. Thus, in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15Р15К15 and with one-time treatment with biological preparations Help Rost 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha, the duration of this period was extended by 1 day compared to the control variant and by 2 days for two-time feeding with the indicated preparations in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube. So, in general, the duration of the growing season in spring barley varieties Armaks and Swagor on the control variant were the lowest and amounted to 83 and 79 days, respectively.By carrying out one-time foliar fertilization in the budding phase with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the length of the growing season was extended to 85 and 86 days and 81 and 82 days , it is higher than on the control variant by 2 and 4; 2 and 3 days, respectively. With a two-time foliar feeding in the phase of bushing and emergence of plants in the tube with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha and Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the duration of the growing season was extended to 86 and 87 days.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78979189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-9
Vasyl Mamaliha, V. Buhayov, V. Horenskyi
The article highlights the results of studying the magnitude of heterosis and the nature of inheritance of forage and seed productivity in 37 hybrid populations (F3 and F5) of alfalfa sowing under conditions of high soil acidity (pH 5.2-5.3). It was found that among the hybrid populations of alfalfa F3 (2013-2016) in terms of forage productivity above the standard variety Sinyukha by 0.06-0.23 kg / m² (+ 5-20%) were: Mega / Regina, Vika / Regina, Zhidrune / Regina, Zhidrune / Sinyukha, Mega / Grilys, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune, Zhidrune / Vika, Grilys / Zhidrune, Vika / Mega and 15 more samples and parental forms of Zhidrune, Vika indicator. In the standard variety Sinyukha, the dry matter collection was 1.0-1.25 kg / m². The average interpopulation level was in the range of 0.98-1.25 kg / m2 depending on the year of use. Subsequent studies (2017-2019) among hybrid F5 populations only in Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Vika, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune and Grilys / Zhidrune revealed an increase in feed productivity to the standard by 5-11% or at 0.06-0.13 kg / m2 and 21 other samples and the parental forms of Grilys, Vika were on a par with him in this respect. In the standard variety of cyanosis, the dry matter collection was 1.09-1.41 kg / m². The average interpopulation level (MPC) was in the range of 1.03-1.31 kg / m². Heterosis (positive dominance) was detected in Mega / Regina (F3 hp = 69.37 and in F5 - 4.44) according to the degree of dominance of hybrid populations isolated by forage productivity in both F3 and F5; Vika / Regina (3.66 and 1.08); Gidrune / Regina (4.67 and 24.2); Yaroslavna / Vika (2.7 and 1.71); Yaroslavna / Zhidrune (2.56 and 5.11); Grilys / Gidrune (17,58 and 2.0). It should be noted that the heterosis index in these combinations ranged from 9.6 to 23.6% in F3, while in F5 it decreased to 0.5-19%. In terms of seed productivity in the period 2013-2016, only the combination Sinyukha / Mega was 20% higher than the standard among hybrid F3 populations and 8 more were on a par with it (Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna), Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina, Mega / Yaroslavna, Vika, Mega / Zhidrune). In the standard variety Sinyukha, the seed yield was 26.1-49.8 g / m2. The average interpopulation level was in the range of 16.7-52.5 g / m². During the following studies (2018-2020) among F5 hybrids no significant excess to the standard variety was detected, only the Regina / Mega population was on a par with it. Seed yield at the average interpopulation level was 9.3-22.9 g / m², in the standard - 25.0-37.5 g / m². Based on the results of this work, hybrid alfalfa populations with a combination of fodder and seed productivity against the background of high soil acidity were selected and proposed for use in the selection process: Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Mega, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna, Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina. They can be used separately in the selection process after further research: on forage pr
{"title":"VARIATIONS OF GETEROSIS SIZE OF GREEN MASS AND SEED YIELD IN HYBRID POPULATIONS OF LUCERNE SOWING IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH ACID ACID","authors":"Vasyl Mamaliha, V. Buhayov, V. Horenskyi","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the results of studying the magnitude of heterosis and the nature of inheritance of forage and seed productivity in 37 hybrid populations (F3 and F5) of alfalfa sowing under conditions of high soil acidity (pH 5.2-5.3). It was found that among the hybrid populations of alfalfa F3 (2013-2016) in terms of forage productivity above the standard variety Sinyukha by 0.06-0.23 kg / m² (+ 5-20%) were: Mega / Regina, Vika / Regina, Zhidrune / Regina, Zhidrune / Sinyukha, Mega / Grilys, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune, Zhidrune / Vika, Grilys / Zhidrune, Vika / Mega and 15 more samples and parental forms of Zhidrune, Vika indicator. In the standard variety Sinyukha, the dry matter collection was 1.0-1.25 kg / m². The average interpopulation level was in the range of 0.98-1.25 kg / m2 depending on the year of use. Subsequent studies (2017-2019) among hybrid F5 populations only in Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Vika, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune and Grilys / Zhidrune revealed an increase in feed productivity to the standard by 5-11% or at 0.06-0.13 kg / m2 and 21 other samples and the parental forms of Grilys, Vika were on a par with him in this respect. In the standard variety of cyanosis, the dry matter collection was 1.09-1.41 kg / m². The average interpopulation level (MPC) was in the range of 1.03-1.31 kg / m². Heterosis (positive dominance) was detected in Mega / Regina (F3 hp = 69.37 and in F5 - 4.44) according to the degree of dominance of hybrid populations isolated by forage productivity in both F3 and F5; Vika / Regina (3.66 and 1.08); Gidrune / Regina (4.67 and 24.2); Yaroslavna / Vika (2.7 and 1.71); Yaroslavna / Zhidrune (2.56 and 5.11); Grilys / Gidrune (17,58 and 2.0). It should be noted that the heterosis index in these combinations ranged from 9.6 to 23.6% in F3, while in F5 it decreased to 0.5-19%. In terms of seed productivity in the period 2013-2016, only the combination Sinyukha / Mega was 20% higher than the standard among hybrid F3 populations and 8 more were on a par with it (Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna), Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina, Mega / Yaroslavna, Vika, Mega / Zhidrune). In the standard variety Sinyukha, the seed yield was 26.1-49.8 g / m2. The average interpopulation level was in the range of 16.7-52.5 g / m². During the following studies (2018-2020) among F5 hybrids no significant excess to the standard variety was detected, only the Regina / Mega population was on a par with it. Seed yield at the average interpopulation level was 9.3-22.9 g / m², in the standard - 25.0-37.5 g / m². Based on the results of this work, hybrid alfalfa populations with a combination of fodder and seed productivity against the background of high soil acidity were selected and proposed for use in the selection process: Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Mega, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna, Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina. They can be used separately in the selection process after further research: on forage pr","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88446203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-18
Y. Kiselyov, V. Chernysh
The publication characterizes basic principles of the scientific direction, which for the past hundred years has been shaped on the border of botany, ecology, forestry and constructive geography and study the flora that benefits from anthropogenic intervention in life of phytocenoses - synanthropic floristics. The object-subject sphere of synanthropic floristics as a separate scientific discipline is formulated. The interdisciplinary connections of synanthropic floristics with other branches of natural sciences, including geography, ecology, forestry, are highlighted. The importance of some concepts of modern natural science - sustainable development, noosphere, anthropogenic landscape - in the development of research on synanthropic flora is emphasized. The content of the most important studies during the formation of synanthropic floristics is outlined, which allowed to distinguish three stages in its development. It is noted that at the first stage, basically, the most important scientific principles of research of synanthropic flora were formed. The second stage is related to the improvement of theoretical foundations and the active development of regional research in the field of synanthropic floristics. The third stage is marked by in-depth regional studies of synanthropic floroelements of phytocenoses. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the works of the most prominent scientists in the field of synanthropic floristics - A. Tellung, J. Kornaś, V. Protopopova and others. Particular attention is paid to history of study of synanthropic flora of Ukraine since the 1920s. It is noted that synanthropic floristics uses a wide range of methods, including general science (dialectics, system, logic), interdisciplinary (historical and geographical) and special (Brown-Blanquet method, syntaxonomic analysis). The conceptual and terminological apparatus of the characterized discipline is given. Depending on the origin and content of the concept and terms are grouped into several groups that can develop into conceptual and terminological systems. In particular, such systems are formed around the basic concepts of "synanthropization", "flora", "phytocenosis", "landscape" and so on. It is noted that the synthetic nature of the discipline determines its significant prospects in the context of the development of modern natural science
该出版物描述了过去一百年来在植物学、生态学、林业和建设性地理学的边界上形成的科学方向的基本原则，并研究了从植物群落的生命干预中受益的植物群-共生植物区系学。作为一门独立的科学学科，共生植物区系学的客体-主体领域得到了阐述。强调了共生植物区系学与其他自然科学分支，包括地理学、生态学、林业的跨学科联系。强调了可持续发展、生态圈、人为景观等现代自然科学概念在共生植物区系研究中的重要性。概述了共生植物区系形成过程中最重要的研究内容，从而将其发展分为三个阶段。在第一阶段，共生植物区系研究的最重要的科学原理基本形成。第二阶段是同生植物区系理论基础的完善和区域研究的积极开展。第三阶段是对植物共生区系的深入研究。重点是在共生植物区系学领域最杰出的科学家的工作的意义- A. Tellung, J. kornana, V. Protopopova和其他人。特别关注自20世纪20年代以来乌克兰共生植物区系的研究历史。文章指出，共生植物区系学采用了广泛的方法，包括一般科学(辩证法、系统法、逻辑学)、跨学科(历史地理学)和特殊(布朗-布兰凯法、分类学分析)。给出了表征学科的概念和术语工具。根据概念的起源和内容，术语被分成几个组，这些组可以发展成概念和术语系统。特别是围绕“共胞”、“植物群”、“植物共生”、“景观”等基本概念形成的系统。值得注意的是，该学科的综合性质决定了它在现代自然科学发展的背景下具有重要的前景
{"title":"SCIENTIFIC FOUNDAMENTALS OF SYNANTHROPIC FLORISTICS IN FORESTRY","authors":"Y. Kiselyov, V. Chernysh","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-18","url":null,"abstract":"The publication characterizes basic principles of the scientific direction, which for the past hundred years has been shaped on the border of botany, ecology, forestry and constructive geography and study the flora that benefits from anthropogenic intervention in life of phytocenoses - synanthropic floristics. The object-subject sphere of synanthropic floristics as a separate scientific discipline is formulated. The interdisciplinary connections of synanthropic floristics with other branches of natural sciences, including geography, ecology, forestry, are highlighted. The importance of some concepts of modern natural science - sustainable development, noosphere, anthropogenic landscape - in the development of research on synanthropic flora is emphasized. The content of the most important studies during the formation of synanthropic floristics is outlined, which allowed to distinguish three stages in its development. It is noted that at the first stage, basically, the most important scientific principles of research of synanthropic flora were formed. The second stage is related to the improvement of theoretical foundations and the active development of regional research in the field of synanthropic floristics. The third stage is marked by in-depth regional studies of synanthropic floroelements of phytocenoses. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the works of the most prominent scientists in the field of synanthropic floristics - A. Tellung, J. Kornaś, V. Protopopova and others. Particular attention is paid to history of study of synanthropic flora of Ukraine since the 1920s. It is noted that synanthropic floristics uses a wide range of methods, including general science (dialectics, system, logic), interdisciplinary (historical and geographical) and special (Brown-Blanquet method, syntaxonomic analysis). The conceptual and terminological apparatus of the characterized discipline is given. Depending on the origin and content of the concept and terms are grouped into several groups that can develop into conceptual and terminological systems. In particular, such systems are formed around the basic concepts of \"synanthropization\", \"flora\", \"phytocenosis\", \"landscape\" and so on. It is noted that the synthetic nature of the discipline determines its significant prospects in the context of the development of modern natural science","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75630888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-13
V. Monarkh
The article presents the results of research, evaluation and analysis of elements of landscaping of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The university complex is one of the main elements of the urban environment, which requires a special attitude and place in the planning and organizational structure of the city. The environment should provide students and teachers with optimal conditions for fruitful educational and scientific activities and a variety of recreation, sports. It has been established that the territory of the university has a clear combination of buildings connected by passages into a system that provides opportunities for a harmonious combination of buildings and greenery. The proportions of individual groups of buildings, their plastic solution and spatial development in the depth of the site, the combination of open and closed spaces, extensive use of green courtyards and small architectural forms give unity and beauty to the architectural ensemble of higher education. It is investigated that pedestrian traffic is correctly organized during the design of the complex. The central esplanade is located and arranged in such a way that it connects all the zones and ensures their interconnection and at the same time is a place for students to communicate. It is estimated that alleys and paths in the park zone of VNAU occupy about 20% of its area. Forced curves are used to create a variety of accents, such as trees and shrub groups. There are 5 classes of roads, paths and sites on the territory of the university, the condition of which is excellent. According to the analysis of landscaping elements, there are 34 benches for long-term rest and 14 benches for short-term rest near the university buildings. All presented benches are stationary and made of concrete, wood and brick. This number of benches is sufficient to ensure comfortable living conditions for students in all corners of the university. The benches are easy to use, their shape is simple, and the color organically fits into the overall color scheme of the territory.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF IMPROVEMENT ELEMENTS OF THE VNAU PARK ZONE","authors":"V. Monarkh","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research, evaluation and analysis of elements of landscaping of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The university complex is one of the main elements of the urban environment, which requires a special attitude and place in the planning and organizational structure of the city. The environment should provide students and teachers with optimal conditions for fruitful educational and scientific activities and a variety of recreation, sports. It has been established that the territory of the university has a clear combination of buildings connected by passages into a system that provides opportunities for a harmonious combination of buildings and greenery. The proportions of individual groups of buildings, their plastic solution and spatial development in the depth of the site, the combination of open and closed spaces, extensive use of green courtyards and small architectural forms give unity and beauty to the architectural ensemble of higher education. It is investigated that pedestrian traffic is correctly organized during the design of the complex. The central esplanade is located and arranged in such a way that it connects all the zones and ensures their interconnection and at the same time is a place for students to communicate. It is estimated that alleys and paths in the park zone of VNAU occupy about 20% of its area. Forced curves are used to create a variety of accents, such as trees and shrub groups. There are 5 classes of roads, paths and sites on the territory of the university, the condition of which is excellent. According to the analysis of landscaping elements, there are 34 benches for long-term rest and 14 benches for short-term rest near the university buildings. All presented benches are stationary and made of concrete, wood and brick. This number of benches is sufficient to ensure comfortable living conditions for students in all corners of the university. The benches are easy to use, their shape is simple, and the color organically fits into the overall color scheme of the territory.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76417709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-13
Sergey Amons
Biological pest control methods are based on the use of preparations containing beneficial organisms, such as phytoceid mites, predatory insects, parasitoids, as well as entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria, to limit the size of the phytophage population level. According to the adopted concept of phytosanitary optimization of the crop industry, there is a transition from the total use of chemicals to the use of environmentally friendly methods of plant protection. One of the ways to implement this program is the use of biological methods of plant protection. The article analyzes the current state of the application of the biological method of crop protection in the context of global trends in the development of organic agriculture and the production of organic products in Ukraine and abroad. It is noted that the topical issue of further development of organic farming is the development of the concept of integrated ecologies protection of crops. This concept involves the use of safe means and methods of plant protection, but mainly not chemical ones - organizational, economic, agrotechnical and biological. The biological method of protecting plants from pests and diseases is based on the natural phenomena of super parasitism and antibiosis (antagonism, fungi stasis, suppression), which regulate the relationship between saprophytic, parasitic and pathogenic micro biota. Studies have established that in Ukraine the use of biological plant protection products is now extremely insignificant, although favorable conditions were created for this in the 90s of the last century. Recently, in the agricultural sector of the country, there has been a steady negative trend in the dominance of the chemical method of protecting crops over the biological one. The author proved that the use of beneficial organisms for pest and disease control in open and closed ground brings satisfactory results, and therefore has broad prospects for the future.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING","authors":"Sergey Amons","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-13","url":null,"abstract":"Biological pest control methods are based on the use of preparations containing beneficial organisms, such as phytoceid mites, predatory insects, parasitoids, as well as entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria, to limit the size of the phytophage population level. According to the adopted concept of phytosanitary optimization of the crop industry, there is a transition from the total use of chemicals to the use of environmentally friendly methods of plant protection. One of the ways to implement this program is the use of biological methods of plant protection. The article analyzes the current state of the application of the biological method of crop protection in the context of global trends in the development of organic agriculture and the production of organic products in Ukraine and abroad. It is noted that the topical issue of further development of organic farming is the development of the concept of integrated ecologies protection of crops. This concept involves the use of safe means and methods of plant protection, but mainly not chemical ones - organizational, economic, agrotechnical and biological. The biological method of protecting plants from pests and diseases is based on the natural phenomena of super parasitism and antibiosis (antagonism, fungi stasis, suppression), which regulate the relationship between saprophytic, parasitic and pathogenic micro biota. Studies have established that in Ukraine the use of biological plant protection products is now extremely insignificant, although favorable conditions were created for this in the 90s of the last century. Recently, in the agricultural sector of the country, there has been a steady negative trend in the dominance of the chemical method of protecting crops over the biological one. The author proved that the use of beneficial organisms for pest and disease control in open and closed ground brings satisfactory results, and therefore has broad prospects for the future.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79120239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-5
Y. Tsytsiura
The article highlights the results of studying critical periods in the phenological development of oilseed radish varieties based on the use of basic indicators of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (initial fluorescence (F0), plateau zone fluorescence (Fpl), maximum fluorescence (Fm), and stationary fluorescence (Fst). This complex was applied to oilseed radish plants of three varieties – ‘Rayduga’, ‘Zhuravka’ and ‘Lybid’ with the presentation of results for the variety ‘Zhuravka’ due to the similarity of the obtained data. phases of growth and development of oilseed radish: cotyledon phase, budding phase, flowering phase, green pod phase and yellow-green pod phase. Based on the use of a single-beam porous fluorimeter ‘Floratest’, developed by the Research and Engineering Center of Microelectronics of the Institute of Cybernetics named after V.M. Glushkova (Ukraine) formed curves of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) in the mode of 90-second fixation of parameters for each phenological phase of oilseed radish plants.The system of graphical display of regularity of formation of basic indicators of CFI curve within the main phenological phases is analyzed and generalizations and conclusions concerning dynamics of course of photochemical physiological processes of photosystem II of plants are made. in the process of phenological stage changes and the corresponding processes of morphogenesis of oilseed radish plants. The dynamics of exogenous and endogenous factors on the formation of indicators of assimilative activity of oilseed radish plant photosystems is analyzed on the basis of analysis of position and changes in time of main points of CFI schedule and substantiated obtained indicators with predicted physiological state of plants and possible assimilation activity. The values of baseline and indication indicators of CFI curve are compared to the main phenological phase of flowering, which is defined as the baseline in ensuring the realization of the productive potential of oilseed radish plants.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL PERIODS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OILSEED RADISH PLANTS (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L. VAR. OLEIFORMIS PERS.) ON THE BASIS OF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION METHOD","authors":"Y. Tsytsiura","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the results of studying critical periods in the phenological development of oilseed radish varieties based on the use of basic indicators of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (initial fluorescence (F0), plateau zone fluorescence (Fpl), maximum fluorescence (Fm), and stationary fluorescence (Fst). This complex was applied to oilseed radish plants of three varieties – ‘Rayduga’, ‘Zhuravka’ and ‘Lybid’ with the presentation of results for the variety ‘Zhuravka’ due to the similarity of the obtained data. phases of growth and development of oilseed radish: cotyledon phase, budding phase, flowering phase, green pod phase and yellow-green pod phase. Based on the use of a single-beam porous fluorimeter ‘Floratest’, developed by the Research and Engineering Center of Microelectronics of the Institute of Cybernetics named after V.M. Glushkova (Ukraine) formed curves of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) in the mode of 90-second fixation of parameters for each phenological phase of oilseed radish plants.The system of graphical display of regularity of formation of basic indicators of CFI curve within the main phenological phases is analyzed and generalizations and conclusions concerning dynamics of course of photochemical physiological processes of photosystem II of plants are made. in the process of phenological stage changes and the corresponding processes of morphogenesis of oilseed radish plants. The dynamics of exogenous and endogenous factors on the formation of indicators of assimilative activity of oilseed radish plant photosystems is analyzed on the basis of analysis of position and changes in time of main points of CFI schedule and substantiated obtained indicators with predicted physiological state of plants and possible assimilation activity. The values of baseline and indication indicators of CFI curve are compared to the main phenological phase of flowering, which is defined as the baseline in ensuring the realization of the productive potential of oilseed radish plants.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79397569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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