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INFLUENCE OF SEED SOWING RATES AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION ON FORMATION OF MAIZE HYBRID PRODUCTIVITY IN FOREST-STEPH CONDITIONS 森林-草原条件下种子播种量和施肥制度优化对玉米杂交生产力形成的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-2
I. Didur, Bohdan Televatyuk
The fertilizer system is one of the most expensive elements of crop production technology, including corn. In today's difficult conditions, there is an acute shortage and rising prices for various types of energy resources, including mineral fertilizers. The variability of climatic and weather conditions and the high cost of mineral fertilizers leads to the search for alternative approaches to optimize existing and develop new technological methods of cultivation. This article evaluates and identifies the main aspects of optimizing the corn fertilization system through the use of modern biofertilizer Grandfix in combination with mineral fertilizers in full and with a reduction in their rate by 30%. The urgency and production necessity of such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for maximizing the yield potential of modern maize hybrids are determined given the importance of this crop for the formation of Ukraine's export potential. The efficiency of application of soil biofertilizer Graunfix produced by BTU-Center, which is recommended for pre-sowing cultivation, in combination with full and reduced rate of mineral fertilizers at different rates of seed sowing. It was established that with the application of soil biofertilizer Groundfix at the rate of 6 l / ha, the increase in yield was, respectively, 5.4-7.1%, or 0.82-0.97 t / ha. The maximum yield in the experiment was 18.31 t / ha and was recorded in the hybrid P8834 on the variant with a seeding rate of 75 thousand / ha. In addition, it should be noted that in the options with a decrease in the rate of mineral fertilizers by 30% N80P40K40 (70%) + Graunfix 6 l / ha received a fairly high yield of 15.07-16.53 t / ha in the hybrid P8834, 14.02 -14.96 t / ha in P9074 and 12.46-13.56 in P9241, which has a high positive effect from an economic point of view.
肥料系统是作物生产技术中最昂贵的元素之一,包括玉米。在今天的困难条件下,包括矿物肥料在内的各种能源资源严重短缺,价格不断上涨。气候和天气条件的变化以及矿物肥料的高成本导致寻找替代方法来优化现有的和开发新的栽培技术方法。本文评价和确定了通过充分使用现代生物肥料Grandfix与矿物肥料组合优化玉米施肥系统的主要方面,并将其减少30%。鉴于现代玉米杂交作物对乌克兰出口潜力的重要性,确定了这种技术解决办法的紧迫性和生产必要性,并确定了寻求最大限度提高现代玉米杂交作物产量潜力的最佳选择。btu中心生产的土壤生物肥料grunfix在播前栽培中推荐使用,在不同播种速率下,与矿质肥的满施和减施量相结合的施用效率。结果表明,施用土壤生物肥6 l / ha时,增产幅度分别为5.4% ~ 7.1%和0.82 ~ 0.97 t / ha。试验最高产量为18.31 t / ha,记录在该变异的杂交品种P8834上,播种量为7.5万t / ha。此外,需要指出的是,在矿物肥施用量减少30%的方案中,N80P40K40 (70%) + grunfix 6 l / ha的杂交组合P8834、P9074和P9241分别获得了15.07-16.53 t / ha、14.02 -14.96 t / ha和12.46-13.56 t / ha的较高产量,从经济角度看具有较高的正效应。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND MICROFERTILIZERS ON THE HEIGHT OF SPRING BARLEY PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE 乌克兰右岸森林草原条件下矿质和微量肥料对春大麦植株高度的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-18
M. Polishchuk, Valentyna Tynko
Ukraine is a powerful participant in the world grain market, and grain stocks of domestic farmers are an integral part of global food security. Among cereals in the agro-industrial production of barley is a leading place in the structure of sown areas, it is second only to wheat. However, when conducting a comparative analysis of the yield of barley in Ukraine and other world producers, it should be noted that the average yield of its grain in our country is 2.5 t / ha, while in France it reaches 6.09 t / ha, Great Britain - 5 , 67, Germany - 5.69 t / ha [2]. Therefore, there is a need to find ways to increase the productivity of spring barley in specific conditions of its cultivation. One of the main ways to increase crop productivity is the stable growth and development of spring barley. Development is the formation of specialized organs and parts of aplant to perform its main biological function: the preservation of its species. Of particular importance in the cultivation of cereals are the processes of growth and development that underlie the formation of grains. One of the most important problems of plant growth and development in the technology of growing crops, in particular spring barley, is its growth processes. A characteristic indicator of growth processes, which affects the formation of crop yields, is its height. During our research, a lot of attention was paid to the development of culture in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine.As a result, it was found that the height of plants increased from the germination phase to full maturity, due to increased plant biomass and depended on varietal characteristics and technological methods of cultivation and hydrothermal regime of years of research. Higher plant height in the phase of full maturity was observed in the variety Aizhan - 55 cm, and in the variety Aristei - 50 cm. It was found that depending on the factors studied, the height of spring barley plants in the tillering phase did not change significantly, but starting from the exit phase into the tube, the difference in height was significant. The application of mineral fertilizers provided an increase in the height of spring barley plants.
乌克兰是世界粮食市场的有力参与者,国内农民的粮食储备是全球粮食安全的一个组成部分。在农业工业生产的谷类中,大麦在播种面积结构上居于领先地位,仅次于小麦。然而,在对乌克兰和其他世界生产国的大麦产量进行比较分析时,应该注意到,我国大麦的平均产量为2.5吨/公顷,而法国为6.09吨/公顷,英国为5吨/公顷,67吨/公顷,德国为5.69吨/公顷[2]。因此,有必要在春大麦栽培的特定条件下寻找提高春大麦产量的方法。提高作物产量的主要途径之一是春大麦的稳定生长发育。发育是植物的特殊器官和部分的形成,以履行其主要的生物功能:保存其物种。谷物种植中特别重要的是谷物形成的基础上的生长和发育过程。在作物种植技术中,尤其是春大麦的生长过程是植物生长发育的重要问题之一。影响作物产量形成的生长过程的一个特征指标是其高度。在我们的研究中,对乌克兰右岸森林草原的文化发展给予了很大的关注。结果表明,从发芽期到完全成熟期,植物的高度有所增加,这与植物生物量的增加有关,并取决于多年研究的品种特征、栽培技术方法和热液制度。品种爱展- 55 cm和Aristei - 50 cm的全成熟期株高较高。结果表明,在不同因素的影响下,春大麦植株在分蘖期的高度变化不显著,但从出苗期开始进入试管,植株高度差异显著。施用矿质肥料可提高春大麦植株的高度。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING CARROTS GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK 右岸条件下种植胡萝卜的工艺方法研究
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-15
I. Palamarchuk
The studied variety and hybrid, as well as sowing dates influenced the duration of interphase periods of table carrot plants. The interphase period "sowing – mass seedlings" was the longest during the sowing period of the third decade 03: in the variety Shantаne KL – 36 days, which is 3 days longer than the control and 12 days – from the sowing period of the third decade 04, in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 34 days, which is 3 days longer than the control and 12 days longer than the sowing period III decade 04. The period of root formation – technical maturity lasted from 80 to 92 days. It was shorter during the sowing period of the third decade 04: in the variety Shantane KL it is 12 days shorter than the control, in the hybrid Bolivar F1 it is 8 days shorter than the control. The longest this interphase period was in table carrot plants sown during the sowing period of the third decade 03, in the variety Shantane KL – 92 days, in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 89 days. Plants had the longest vegetation period during the sowing period of the third decade 03: in the cultivar Shantane KL – 126 days, in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 124 days, which is 4 and 3 days longer than the control variants. The highest yield of table carrots was obtained during the sowing period of the third decade of March: in the variety Shantane KL – 41.4 t / ha, in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 47.1 t / ha, where the increase relative to controls was 4.9 and 5.2 t / ha, respectively. The significance of this difference was confirmed by the results of analysis of variance. The studied variety and hybrid were characterized by high marketability. In general, the marketability in the experiment was influenced by varietal characteristics, as well as the timing of sowing of carrot seeds. The marketability of table carrots, depending on the variant of the experiment was 77.2 - 88.0%. The highest marketability indicator was characterized by the roots of the Bolivar F1 hybrid during the sowing period of the third decade of March – 88.0%, which is 2.7% higher than the control. According to the results of biometric measurements, the influence of sowing dates on the biometric parameters of table carrot roots was revealed. The main indicator that affects the size of the crop is the weight of the root crop. The highest mass of root crops was recorded in plants sown during the sowing period of the third decade of March: in the variety Shantane KL – 122 g in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 128 g, which is more than the control variants by 23.7 and 25.5 g, respectively. In terms of root diameter, this indicator was the largest during the sowing period of the third decade of March: in the cultivar Shantane KL – 6.2 cm in the hybrid Bolivar F1 – 6.6 cm, which is 0.4 cm higher than the control variants, respectively. According to average data, the greatest length of root crops was observed during the sowing period of the third decade of March, where the increase relative to control was 0.2 - 0.4 cm, respectively.
所研究的品种和杂交品种以及播期对菜胡萝卜植株间期持续时间的影响。间期“播-量苗”最长的是第三个十年03的播种期:品种“汕特”KL比第三个十年04的播种期长36天,比对照长3天,比第三个十年04的播种期长12天;杂交种“玻利瓦尔”F1比第三个十年04的播种期长34天,比对照长3天,比第三个十年04的播种期长12天。根形成-技术成熟期为80 ~ 92 d。第三个十年04播期较短:品种汕丹KL比对照短12天,杂交品种玻利瓦尔F1比对照短8天。这一间期最长的是03年第三个十年播种期的胡萝卜,品种“山丹”KL - 92天,杂交品种“玻利瓦尔”F1 - 89天。第三个十年03播种期植物的植被期最长:品种“山丹”KL为126天,杂交品种“玻利瓦尔”F1为124天,分别比对照长4天和3天。食用胡萝卜的最高产量出现在3月第三个十年的播种期:品种shanane KL为41.4吨/公顷,杂交品种Bolivar F1为47.1吨/公顷,与对照相比分别增加4.9吨/公顷和5.2吨/公顷。方差分析的结果证实了这一差异的显著性。所研究的品种和杂交品种具有较高的适销性。总的来说,本试验的适销性受品种特性和胡萝卜种子播种时间的影响。食用胡萝卜的适销性,取决于试验的变体,为77.2 - 88.0%。Bolivar F1杂交品种在第三个十年3月播种期的根系可销性指标最高,为88.0%,比对照高2.7%。根据生物特征测定结果,揭示了播期对食用胡萝卜根系生物特征参数的影响。影响作物大小的主要指标是根系作物的重量。块根作物质量最高的是在3月第三个十年播种期播种的植株:品种shanane KL - 122 g,杂交品种Bolivar F1 - 128 g,分别比对照变种高出23.7 g和25.5 g。就根径而言,该指标在3月第三个十年播种期最大:品种山丹KL - 6.2 cm,杂交品种玻利瓦尔F1 - 6.6 cm,分别比对照变异高0.4 cm。根据平均数据,根茎作物长度在第三个十年的3月播种期最大,相对于对照分别增加0.2 ~ 0.4 cm。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY OF TABLE CARROT GROWING ON THE RIDGE 坡地胡萝卜有机栽培技术的改进
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-16
S. Vdovenko, K. Sobieralski, M. Siwulski, S. Poltoretskyi, I. Vdovychenko
The article considers the biological significance of table carrots in human life and the country's economy. It is concluded that the value of table carrots, first of all, is explained by the presence in its composition of a large set of useful substances for the vital functions of the human body. The special value of carrots is that its varieties have an orange color of roots containing carotene (provitamin A), which in humans and animals is converted into vitamin A. Named the most promising hybrids of carrots, lists the basic climatic requirements for growing high yields of this vegetable. The most important conditions of organic carrot cultivation are briefly described. The stages of the technological scheme of carrot cultivation by organic technology are described and the influence of organic cultivation technology on the biometrics of the carrot plant in 2018–2020 is estimated. Analyzing the results of a field experiment on organic cultivation of table carrots, we can say that as a result of organic cultivation and simultaneous application of organo-mineral fertilizer HelpRost vegetables or HelpRost Boron plant height of Abaco F1 hydride was the highest and amounted to 76 cm, which exceeded the height of control plants almost 1.5 times. The variants in which the Abaco F1 and CB 7381 MS F1 hybrids were grown were characterized by the corresponding length. In these variants, the length of the root was the longest and was 16 and 17 cm, respectively, which exceeded the control variant by 4 and 5 cm, respectively. It was found that the bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis of the biological product of BTU-Center and chelated microelements, improve the biometrics of the plant and root crop (most positively for the root of Abaco F1 hydride where their value can be 5.1 cm. The yield of table carrot hybrids using organic technology, t / ha for 2018–2020 was studied and it is said that the highest yield can be obtained by growing Abaco F1 hybrid, where its value reaches 68 t / ha . During the cultivation of hybrids Bolivar F1 and SV 7381 MS F1 the yield is lower, is only 61.0-62.5 t / ha and exceeded the yield of Olympi F1 hybrid by 9 and 6%, respectively.
本文考虑了食用胡萝卜在人类生活和国家经济中的生物学意义。结论是,食用胡萝卜的价值,首先是由于其成分中含有大量对人体重要功能有用的物质。胡萝卜的特殊价值在于其品种的根部含有橙色的胡萝卜素(维生素原A),这种胡萝卜素在人和动物体内可转化为维生素A。被称为最有前途的胡萝卜杂交品种,列出了种植这种蔬菜高产的基本气候要求。简述了有机胡萝卜栽培的重要条件。阐述了有机栽培胡萝卜技术方案的各阶段,并估计了有机栽培技术对2018-2020年胡萝卜植株生物特征的影响。通过对食用胡萝卜有机栽培的田间试验结果分析,有机栽培同时施用有机矿物肥HelpRost蔬菜或HelpRost硼的结果表明,Abaco F1 hydri化物植株高度最高,达到76 cm,超过对照植株高度近1.5倍。Abaco F1和cb7381 MS F1杂交的变异体以相应的长度为特征。在这些变异中,根的长度最长,分别为16和17 cm,分别比对照变异长4和5 cm。结果表明,BTU-Center生物产物中的固氮菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和螯合微量元素对植物和根作物的生物特征特征有显著改善作用(对Abaco F1 hydri化物的根具有显著的促进作用,其值可达5.1 cm)。采用有机技术对2018-2020年食用胡萝卜杂交品种的产量进行了研究,结果表明,种植Abaco F1杂交品种产量最高,达到68 t / ha。杂种Bolivar F1和SV 7381 MS F1的产量较低,仅为61.0 ~ 62.5 t / ha,分别比Olympi F1高出9%和6%。
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引用次数: 0
COMBINATION ABILITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES BY PRODUCTIVITY IN TOPCROSS CROSSES 大豆品种顶交组合的生产力组合能力
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-3
O. Mazur, O. Mazur
Two-tester analysis of topcross crossings of soybean varieties, which differ in valuable economic traits and ecological and geographical origin, was used in the research. According to the indicators of combining ability, the value of soybean varieties was determined by the elements of the crop structure. In hybrid populations, the degree and frequency of positive transgressions have been determined, which is a selection material for the creation of new varieties by hybridization. High effects of ZKZ on plant height and attachment of lower beans were established in Sawyer 2-95 variety and KiVin tester; by the number of productive nodes - in the varieties Sawyer 2-95, Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester KyVin; according to the number of beans per plant - in varieties Ustya, Kyivska 97 and tester KyVin; according to the number of seeds on the plant - in the Medea, Kyivska 97 and Hoverla tester varieties; by the weight of 1000 seeds - in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Kyivska 97 and Hoverla tester; according to the mass of grain from the plant - in the varieties Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester Hoverla; in terms of productivity - in Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester Hoverla varieties. It was established that additive effects of genes were dominant in the genetic control of plant height traits and attachment of lower beans, elements of crop structure and productivity, but there was also a significant non-additive effect. According to the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and the weight of seeds per plant, in the vast majority of hybrid populations, inheritance by the type of overdominance and dominance of the parental form with a higher manifestation of the trait was noted. The analysis of dominance indicators made it possible to identify crossbreeding combinations that are distinguished by the overdominance of the specified traits and have significant breeding value: Sawyer 2-95 × Hoverla, Kyivska 97 × Hoverla, Kharkivska precocious × Hoverla, Sawyer 2-95 × KiVin, Kharkivska precocious × KiVin.
采用双检验方法对具有不同经济价值性状和不同生态地理来源的大豆品种进行了顶交分析。根据配合力指标,大豆品种的价值由作物结构要素决定。在杂交群体中,正越界的程度和频率已被确定,这为杂交创造新品种提供了选择材料。在索耶2-95品种和KiVin试验中,发现ZKZ对矮豆的株高和附着性有较高的影响;通过生产节点的数量-在品种Sawyer 2-95, Medea, Kyivska 97和tester KyVin;根据每株豆的数量-在品种Ustya, Kyivska 97和tester KyVin;根据植物上的种子数量-在Medea, Kyivska 97和Hoverla测试品种;在Sawyer 2-95、Kyivska 97和Hoverla tester品种中,按1000粒种子的重量计算;根据植物的籽粒质量-在Medea, Kyivska 97和tester Hoverla品种中;在生产力方面-在Medea, Kyivska 97和tester Hoverla品种。结果表明,基因的加性效应在矮豆株高性状和附着性状、作物结构和产量要素的遗传控制中占主导地位,但也存在显著的非加性效应。根据单株豆子数、单株种子数和单株种子重,在绝大多数杂交群体中,遗传方式均为显性遗传和性状表现较高的亲本显性遗传。通过显性指标分析,鉴定出以特定性状的显性优势为特征,具有显著育种价值的杂交组合:Sawyer 2-95 × Hoverla、Kyivska 97 × Hoverla、Kharkivska早熟× Hoverla、Sawyer 2-95 × KiVin、Kharkivska早熟× KiVin。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF CREATION AND OPERATION OF GARDENS IN THE STYLE "NEW WAVE" ON GARDEN AND PARK SITES OF VINNITSA REGION 文尼察地区园林场地“新浪潮”风格园林的创作与经营特点
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-15
O. Tsyhanska
The article presents the results of research on the study of ornamental grasses. In general, a separate area in modern landscape design, which features a focus on the use of perennial herbaceous plants in general and cereals in particular, their shape and texture is called "New Wave". The landscape movement is also based on the principles of growing a garden as a stable and self-reproducing system, the landscape of which naturally evolves from season to season. A study of current trends in landscaping of urban areas has shown that floral design is an integral tool in creating an aesthetically attractive, comfortable and environmentally sustainable space of the city. It is emphasized that the floral design of Vinnytsia is dominated by planar compositions with the use of annual ornamental plants. In turn, the analysis of the experience of urban landscaping of European countries showed that perennial flower crops allow to create highly decorative natural plant compositions that do not require significant care during the growing season, and are the most cost-effective to use. Particular attention is paid to this type of landscaping, such as a flower garden, which has become widespread in the modern direction of landscape design "New Wave". In general, the results of research show that based on knowledge of ecological requirements of perennials, features of growing certain crops in urban conditions, landscape flower gardens are the most promising method of floral and decorative design of various landscape objects in Vinnytsia. The role of cereal grasses in the New Wave-style garden filled with texture and volume has been identified. Low-growing and tall perennial ornamental grasses are analyzed and variants of their use in landscape design are determined.
本文介绍了观赏草的研究成果。一般来说,现代景观设计中一个单独的区域,其特点是注重使用多年生草本植物,特别是谷物,它们的形状和纹理被称为“新浪潮”。景观运动也基于将花园作为一个稳定和自我复制的系统的原则,其景观自然地随着季节而变化。一项对当前城市景观趋势的研究表明,花卉设计是创造一个美观、舒适和环境可持续发展的城市空间的一个不可或缺的工具。强调文青花的花卉设计以平面构图为主,利用一年生观赏植物。反过来,对欧洲国家城市景观经验的分析表明,多年生花卉作物可以创造出高度装饰性的天然植物组合,在生长季节不需要大量的护理,并且是最具成本效益的使用方法。特别关注这种类型的景观,例如花园,它在现代景观设计“新浪潮”的方向上已经变得普遍。总的来说,研究结果表明,基于对多年生植物生态需求的了解,以及在城市条件下种植某些作物的特点,景观花园是Vinnytsia各种景观对象的花卉和装饰设计中最有前途的方法。谷类草在充满质感和体量的新浪潮风格花园中的作用已经确定。分析了低矮和高大的多年生观赏草,并确定了它们在景观设计中的不同用途。
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引用次数: 0
SELECTION OF ADAPTIVE SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 气候变化条件下大豆栽培技术适应性品种的选择
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-10
N. Telekalo, Alina Korobko
Due to global and rapid changes in climatic conditions for the cultivation of major crops, there is an urgent need for the selection of adaptive varieties that will not reduce their productivity. In modern agricultural production, the variety is the biological foundation on which all elements of cultivation technology are based. If you choose the right variety, it will enhance the effect of other factors. Conversely, if the manufacturer makes a mistake with the chosen variety, it will weaken the effect of all other factors. In agricultural production, it is difficult to predict the outcome, because the existing approaches to soybean cultivation are 70% dependent on soil and climatic conditions. To solve this problem, you need to carefully select adaptive varieties of soybeans. In Ukraine, a fairly large range of soybeans of different maturity groups. In conditions of intensive agriculture with extreme weather conditions, it is important to grow several varieties of different maturity groups on farms. The article highlights the results of the analysis of the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, as well as analysis of research by other scientists on the basis of which we chose two adaptive varieties of different maturity groups with genetic potential of 4-5 t / ha Ukrainian and foreign selection: Ukrainian ( early-ripening variety Nugget) and Canadian selection (early-ripening variety Amadeus). These varieties are adapted for growing in the Forest-Steppe zone, have high resistance to lodging and shedding. Resistant to soil moisture deficiency, high temperatures and drought-resistant in summer, which is relevant in climate change. The height of attachment of the lower beans in the nuggets Nuggets and Amadeus 13 cm, which determines its suitability for full mechanized cultivation from sowing to harvesting. Phenological observations of seedlings of the studied varieties according to the scheme: Factor A - variety: Nugget, Amadeus. Factor B - inoculation. Factor B - foliar feeding. The experiment was laid on the experimental site of 0.06 ha. The seeds were treated with BTU-t Bioinoculant at the rate of 3 kg / t of seeds, the control was not processed. After the mass emergence of seedlings, it was found that the seeds treated with bioinoculants came out a little later than the control, because bacteria slow down the germination of seeds.
由于主要作物种植的全球气候条件的快速变化,迫切需要选择不会降低其生产力的适应性品种。在现代农业生产中,品种是所有栽培技术要素的生物学基础。如果你选择了正确的品种,它会增强其他因素的效果。相反,如果制造商在选择品种上犯了错误,则会削弱所有其他因素的影响。在农业生产中,很难预测结果,因为现有的大豆种植方法70%依赖于土壤和气候条件。为了解决这个问题,你需要仔细选择适应性强的大豆品种。在乌克兰,有相当大范围的不同成熟度组的大豆。在极端天气条件下的集约化农业条件下,重要的是在农场种植不同成熟度组的几个品种。本文重点介绍了乌克兰适合分布的植物品种国家登记册的分析结果,以及其他科学家研究的分析结果,在此基础上,我们选择了两个不同成熟度群体的适应性品种,遗传潜力为4-5 t / ha乌克兰和外国选种:乌克兰(早熟品种nuget)和加拿大选种(早熟品种Amadeus)。这些品种适合生长在森林草原地带,有很高的抗倒伏和脱落。夏季耐土壤水分不足、耐高温、抗旱,与气候变化有关。鸡块和阿玛迪斯下部豆子的附着高度为13厘米,这决定了其从播种到收获的全机械化栽培的适宜性。按因子A -品种:金块、金丝桃。因子B -接种。因子B -叶面取食。试验场地为0.06 ha。用BTU-t生物接种剂按3 kg / t的剂量处理种子,对照组不处理。在幼苗大量出苗后,发现用生物接种剂处理过的种子出来的时间比对照稍晚,因为细菌减慢了种子的发芽速度。
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引用次数: 0
VARIETY STUDY OF INTRODUCED APPLE VARIETIES (MALUS DOMESTICABORKH.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF PODILSK EXPERIMENTAL STATION 引种苹果品种研究(malus domesticaborkh .)在波迪尔斯克实验站的条件下
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-3-4
T. Kovalenko, K. Tarnavska
This article presents the results of studying the yield and fruit quality of 21 introduced apple varieties of winter ripening in Podolsk Research Station of Horticulture. According to the results of a five-year study of varieties (2016-2020), the evaluation of varieties is based on a set of basic characteristics: early fruiting, yield, marketability, taste and viability of fruits. As a result of the research, Count Ezzo, Siabrina, Selena, and Nadzeina were recognized as the best. These varieties begin to bear fruit at the age of one to two years, the yield of five- to nine-year-old trees reaches 18.2-24.7 t/ha, the yield compared to the control was 126-172%, where the average yield of the control of the Askold apple variety was 14.4 t/ha. The total average yield over the years of research in Nadziejna, Graf Ezzo, Syabrina and Selena varieties was 91.3-123.9 t/ha, and in the control variety of Askold apples, this indicator was 71.9 t/ha. During the years 2016-2020, research revealed that high-yielding apples of the varieties Angold, Graf Ezzo, Ligol, Honey Crisp, in which the average weight of the fruit was 201-248 g. The fruits above the average size had the varieties Askolda, Idared, Ariva, Beni Shogun Fuji, Garant, Enterprise, Imant, Cameo, Nadzheyn, Rumyany Alpinist, Red Chief, Rubinola, Syabrina, Selena, Topaz, Hill Well Braeburn, the average weight of which was 151-200 g. All studied varieties form apples of medium uniformity (at the control level ), except for the varieties Angold, Imant, Rumyany Alpinist, the fruits of which turned out to be uneven. On average, for 2016-2020, in the planting of 2011, the yield of fruits of the highest and first grade was 26-48%. The fruits of the selected varieties are more than average in size (Nadzeyna, Syabrina, Selena) and large (Graf Ezzo), medium uniformity, excellent, very harmonious sweet-sour taste (7.8-8.4 points), except for the Nadzeyna variety, which is inferior to the selected varieties varieties only by the taste qualities of apples (6.7 points).
本文介绍了波多尔斯克园艺研究站对21个引进的冬熟苹果品种的产量和果实品质的研究结果。根据一项为期五年的品种研究(2016-2020年)的结果,品种的评价基于一系列基本特征:早期结果、产量、适销性、味道和果实的生存能力。研究的结果是,Ezzo伯爵、Siabrina、Selena和Nadzeina被认为是最好的。这些品种在1 ~ 2年开始结果,5 ~ 9年树的产量达到18.2 ~ 24.7 t/ha,与对照相比产量为126% ~ 172%,其中对照的平均产量为14.4 t/ha。Nadziejna、Graf Ezzo、Syabrina和Selena品种研究多年来的总平均产量为91.3-123.9 t/公顷,对照品种Askold苹果的该指标为71.9 t/公顷。在2016-2020年期间,研究显示,高产苹果品种Angold, Graf Ezzo, Ligol, Honey Crisp,其果实平均重量为201-248克。平均大小以上的品种有Askolda、Idared、Ariva、Beni Shogun Fuji、Garant、Enterprise、Imant、camameo、Nadzheyn、Rumyany Alpinist、Red Chief、Rubinola、Syabrina、Selena、Topaz、Hill Well Braeburn等,平均重量为151 ~ 200 g。除Angold、Imant、Rumyany Alpinist品种果实不均匀外,所有研究品种均为中等均匀(对照水平)。平均而言,在2016-2020年,2011年种植的最高和一级果实产量为26-48%。所选品种的果实大小均在中等以上(娜采娜、西布里娜、塞莱娜)和大(格拉夫·埃佐),均匀度中等,甜酸口感极佳,非常和谐(7.8-8.4分),除了娜采娜品种仅在苹果的口感品质上逊于所选品种(6.7分)。
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引用次数: 0
CONTENT AND RATIO OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN STIPULES OF WINTER PEA WITH USING DIFFERENT GROWING TECHNOLOGIES 不同栽培技术对冬豌豆托叶光合色素含量及比值的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-3
I. Didur, V. Shevchuk
The article describes the results of research on the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments in the stipules of winter peas using different cultivation technologies. The objects of the study were winter pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) of variety NS Moroz, plant growth regulator (PGR) Endofit L1 RK, bacterial preparation Bioinoculant BTU-r, microfertilizers «LF-Bobovi» and Biobor 140. The purpose of our research was to study the formation of photosynthetic pigments of winter pea plants under the action of growth regulator Endophyte L1 RK, bacterial preparation Bioinoculant BTU-r, their complex applying and foliar treatment systems with microfertilizers «LF- Bobovi» and Biobor 140. Analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in alcohol extract (96.0%) was performed using a spectrophotometer Ulab − 102UV (China) at different values of wavelength: λ = 441; λ = 649; λ = 665. The volume of the working solution was 25 ml. Calculations of these indexes were performed according to the formulas of H. K. Lichtenthaler. During the study period, the influence of plant growth regulator, bacterial preparation, and foliar fertilization on the content of chlorophyll a and b, their sum, and concentration of carotenoids in the stipules of winter pea plants were evaluated. The research results indicate the dependence of these indicators on the use of the growth regulator and the bacterial drug, as well as on foliar fertilization. It was found that the implementation of foliar treatment in the phase of 3-5 stipules and complex use (in phases 3-5 of stipules and buttons) phase with tank mixtures of micro fertilizers «LF- Bobovi» (1.5 l / ha and 2.5 l / ha) and Biobor 140 (1.0 l / ha) led to an increase of the content of chlorophyll a and b, their total amount and carotenoid content. The highest content of chlorophylls a and b, their sum, and carotenoids in the stipules of winter pea plants were in the variant with the combined use of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulator Endophyte L1 RK (0.01 l / t), bacterial preparation Bioinoculant BTU-r (2 l / t) and at foliar treatment with microfertilizers «LF- Bobovi» (1.5 l / ha and 2.5 l / ha) and Biobor 140 (1.0 l / ha).The search for ways and opportunities to increase the grain yield of winter pea varieties Moroz due to the introduction of new technological methods of its cultivation remains relevant. A possible solution to the problem of improving the productivity of winter peas is the use of different mechanisms of action of plant growth regulators, inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms, and foliar feeding with tank mixtures of chelated microfertilizers.
本文介绍了不同栽培技术对冬豌豆托叶光合色素含量和比例的研究结果。以NS Moroz品种冬豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)、植物生长调节剂(PGR) Endofit L1 RK、细菌制剂生物接种剂BTU-r、微量肥料LF-Bobovi和Biobor 140为研究对象。本研究旨在研究生长调节剂内生菌L1 RK、细菌制剂生物接种剂BTU-r及其复合施用和微肥“LF- Bobovi”和Biobor 140叶面处理体系对冬豌豆光合色素形成的影响。用Ulab−102UV分光光度计(中国)在不同波长值下分析醇提物中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量(96.0%):λ = 441;λ = 649;λ = 665。工作液的体积为25 ml。这些指标的计算依据H. K. Lichtenthaler公式。在研究期间,研究了植物生长调节剂、细菌制剂和叶面施肥对冬豌豆植株托叶叶绿素a和b含量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b总量以及类胡萝卜素浓度的影响。研究结果表明,这些指标依赖于生长调节剂和细菌药物的使用,以及叶面施肥。结果表明,在托叶3 ~ 5期进行叶面处理,在托叶3 ~ 5期复合施用“LF- Bobovi”(1.5 l / ha和2.5 l / ha)和“Biobor 140”(1.0 l / ha)混合施用,可提高叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量、总含量和类胡萝卜素含量。套用生长调节剂内生菌L1 RK (0.01 l / t)、细菌制剂生物接种剂BTU-r (2 l / t)和叶面微肥“LF- Bobovi”(1.5 l / ha和2.5 l / ha)和Biobor 140 (1.0 l / ha)处理的冬豌豆植株托叶叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、总含量和类胡萝卜素含量最高。由于引进了新的栽培技术方法,寻找方法和机会来提高冬豌豆品种莫罗兹的籽粒产量仍然是有意义的。提高冬豌豆产量的一个可能的解决办法是利用植物生长调节剂的不同作用机制,接种共生微生物,以及用螯合微肥料的罐混合物在叶面上饲喂。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF VARIETY SAMPLES OF COMMON BEANS ACCORDING TO THE VARIABILITY OF SIGNS 根据变异迹象对普通豆品种样品进行评估
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-2-10
O. Mazur
In the course of research, varieties of common bean were selected, which were distinguished by stable indicators of the duration of the growing season, which depended to a lesser extent on the hydrothermal regime of the conditions of the years of research. This will contribute to the formation of a stable growing season in dry and optimal years of research in terms of moisture supply. The highest coefficients of repeatability were noted in varieties of common bean: UD0301786 - 0.98, with a coefficient of variation (V) - 1%; UD0302656 – 0.97, coefficient of variation – 1%; UD0300495 – 0.95, coefficient of variation – 1.45%; UD0302223 – 0.95, and the coefficient of variation – 1.34%; UD0302398 – 0.95, coefficient of variation – 1.33%; UD0300019 is 0.95, and the coefficient of variation is 1.3%.The weight of 1,000 grains affects the grain productivity, while, as already noted, varieties with low variability of the weight of 1,000 grains belong to drought-resistant ones. Higher values of the mass of 1000 grains compared to the standard and, at the same time, lower variability according to statistical indicators were identified in the variety samples: UD0300577 – 284.7 g, repeatability coefficient – 0.9, variation coefficient – 7%; UD0303753 – 274.5 g, repeatability coefficient – 0.9, coefficient of variation – 7.1%; UD0300004 – 265.4 g, repeatability coefficient – 0.86, coefficient of variation – 9%; UD0303398 – 243.4 g, repeatability coefficient – 0.91, coefficient of variation – 6.0%; UD0302256 – 234.6 g, repeatability coefficient – 0.9, coefficient of variation – 8.4%; Yield is a summary feature, the level and stability of which are affected by resistance to diseases and pests, drought resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, and manufacturability.Higher yield and lower variability compared to the standard was noted only in variety samples: UD0300577 – 333.0 g/m², repeatability coefficient – 0.98, and variation coefficient – 4.5%; UD0303753 is 329.0 g/m², repeatability is 0.97, and coefficient of variation is 7.1%. The vast majority of variety samples were characterized by higher variability in the level of productivity, this is due to the influence of adverse growing conditions that cause stress.
在研究过程中,选择了普通豆品种,这些品种以生长季节持续时间的稳定指标来区分,这在较小程度上取决于研究年份条件的热液制度。这将有助于形成一个稳定的生长季节在干旱和最佳年的研究在水分供应方面。普通豆品种的重复性系数最高:UD0301786 ~ 0.98,变异系数(V) ~ 1%;UD0302656 - 0.97,变异系数- 1%;UD0300495 - 0.95,变异系数- 1.45%;UD0302223 - 0.95,变异系数- 1.34%;UD0302398 - 0.95,变异系数- 1.33%;UD0300019为0.95,变异系数为1.3%。千粒重影响粮食产量,而千粒重变异性低的品种属于抗旱品种。品种样品的1000粒质量值高于标准,同时根据统计指标,变异率较低:UD0300577 - 284.7 g,重复性系数- 0.9,变异系数- 7%;UD0303753 - 274.5 g,重复性系数- 0.9,变异系数- 7.1%;UD0300004 - 265.4 g,重复性系数- 0.86,变异系数- 9%;UD0303398 - 243.4 g,重复性系数- 0.91,变异系数- 6.0%;UD0302256 - 234.6 g,重复性系数- 0.9,变异系数- 8.4%;产量是一个总结性特征,其水平和稳定性受抗病虫害、抗旱性、耐热性、抗寒性和可加工性的影响。与标准品相比,只有品种样品的产量更高,变异性更低:UD0300577 - 333.0 g/m²,重复性系数为0.98,变异系数为4.5%;UD0303753为329.0 g/m²,重复性为0.97,变异系数为7.1%。绝大多数品种样本的特点是生产力水平具有较高的可变性,这是由于造成压力的不利生长条件的影响。
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Agriculture and Forestry
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