Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-1
I. Didur
In modern agricultural conditions, the fertilization system is one of the most expensive technological methods of growing agricultural crops, including soybeans. In today's difficult conditions, there is an acute shortage and rising prices for various types of energy resources, including mineral fertilizers. The variability of climatic and weather conditions and the high cost of mineral fertilizers lead to the search for alternative approaches to the optimization of existing and the development of new technological methods of cultivation. This article presents the results of studies on the impact of biological preparations, namely the inoculants Bioinoculant BTU, Rizoline + Rizosev, Anderiz and biological fertilizers for foliar feeding Biocomplex BTU, Gumifrend and Helprost soybean on the formation of the leaf surface area and productivity of soybeans. Conducting field research involved studying the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar fertilization and their combination in order to determine the most effective model of their use. On the basis of the conducted observations and records, it was established that in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe on gray forest soils, the investigated preparations of biological origin had a direct effect on both the dynamics of the leaf surface area and the formation of productivity. In the experiment, the maximum leaf surface area of 42.1±6.8 thousand m2/ha was formed on the variant of the experiment where pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the BTU Biocomplex preparation and foliar feeding in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf and budding with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost soybean (2.5 l/ha), which is 11.0 thousand m2/ha or 35.3% more compared to the control. In addition, this variant recorded the highest grain yield of 3.31 t ha-1, which is 0.84 t ha-1 (34.0%) more compared to the control without seed inoculation and foliar foliar feeding.
在现代农业条件下，施肥系统是种植包括大豆在内的农作物的最昂贵的技术方法之一。在今天的困难条件下，包括矿物肥料在内的各种能源资源严重短缺，价格不断上涨。气候和天气条件的变化以及矿物肥料的高成本促使人们寻找替代方法，以优化现有的和发展新的栽培技术方法。本文介绍了生物制剂(即接种剂Bioinoculant BTU、Rizoline + Rizosev、Anderiz和叶面饲喂生物肥料)对大豆叶表面积形成和生产力影响的研究结果。进行实地研究包括研究播前种子处理、叶面施肥及其组合的影响，以便确定最有效的使用模式。在实际观测和记录的基础上，确定了在灰色森林土壤上的右岸森林草原条件下，所研究的生物源制剂对叶表面积的动态和生产力的形成都有直接的影响。试验中，BTU生物复合物制剂在播种前处理种子，在三叶草第3叶期进行叶面投料，施有机矿物肥(2.5 l/ha)出芽的试验变体叶表面积最大，为42.1±6.8万m2/ha，比对照增加了11.0万m2/ha，增加了35.3%。此外，该变异籽粒产量最高，为3.31 t ha-1，比不接种种子和叶面饲喂的对照增产0.84 t ha-1(34.0%)。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEED AND EXTRA-ROOT NUTRITION ON THE DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF THE LEAF SURFACE AREA OF SOYBEAN PLANTS","authors":"I. Didur","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"In modern agricultural conditions, the fertilization system is one of the most expensive technological methods of growing agricultural crops, including soybeans. In today's difficult conditions, there is an acute shortage and rising prices for various types of energy resources, including mineral fertilizers. The variability of climatic and weather conditions and the high cost of mineral fertilizers lead to the search for alternative approaches to the optimization of existing and the development of new technological methods of cultivation. This article presents the results of studies on the impact of biological preparations, namely the inoculants Bioinoculant BTU, Rizoline + Rizosev, Anderiz and biological fertilizers for foliar feeding Biocomplex BTU, Gumifrend and Helprost soybean on the formation of the leaf surface area and productivity of soybeans. Conducting field research involved studying the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar fertilization and their combination in order to determine the most effective model of their use. On the basis of the conducted observations and records, it was established that in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe on gray forest soils, the investigated preparations of biological origin had a direct effect on both the dynamics of the leaf surface area and the formation of productivity. In the experiment, the maximum leaf surface area of 42.1±6.8 thousand m2/ha was formed on the variant of the experiment where pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the BTU Biocomplex preparation and foliar feeding in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf and budding with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost soybean (2.5 l/ha), which is 11.0 thousand m2/ha or 35.3% more compared to the control. In addition, this variant recorded the highest grain yield of 3.31 t ha-1, which is 0.84 t ha-1 (34.0%) more compared to the control without seed inoculation and foliar foliar feeding.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79189666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-8
S. Okrushko
This article summarizes the results of the study of the allelopathic effect of water-soluble secretions from the rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass on the germination of wheat seeds. In field conditions, the chemical effect of Elytrigia repens L. on the growth of all agricultural crops is characterized as inhibitory. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to establish in laboratory conditions the phytotoxicity of water extracts from the rhizomes of Elytrigia repens L. at various concentrations on the germination of wheat seeds and further development of seedlings. In the course of research, we established that the presence of allelopathically active substances of creeping wheat inhibits the energy of wheat seed germination in all experimental variants. The water extract in a ratio of 1 to 1000 had a stimulating effect on seed germination and further growth of wheat seedlings compared to the control option, in which its seeds were germinated in distilled water. An increase in the concentration of water extracts of creeping wheatgrass (1:100; 1:50; 1:20 and 1:10) directly proportionally led to a significant inhibition of the growth of the germinal root of wheat. The lag of indicators in length ranged from 0.34 cm (1:100) to 1.32 cm (1:10) on the fourth day of accounting. Further measurements of both the length of the germinal root and the total length of the root system of wheat confirmed the prolongation of the negative impact of wheatgrass emissions. The stem length of wheat seedlings also depended on the concentration of allelochemical substances of Elytrigia repens L. in Petri dishes: it decreased with increasing concentration. According to the above options, during the accounting on the 7th day, the decrease in the indicator was from 44.4% (1:100) to 95.9% (1:10) in relation to the control option. That is, the allelopathically active water-soluble substances of Elytrigia repens L. can have a stimulating or inhibiting effect on the germination process of wheat seeds, depending on their concentration level.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ELYTRIGIA REPENS L. ON THE GERMINATION OF WHEAT SEEDS","authors":"S. Okrushko","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes the results of the study of the allelopathic effect of water-soluble secretions from the rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass on the germination of wheat seeds. In field conditions, the chemical effect of Elytrigia repens L. on the growth of all agricultural crops is characterized as inhibitory. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to establish in laboratory conditions the phytotoxicity of water extracts from the rhizomes of Elytrigia repens L. at various concentrations on the germination of wheat seeds and further development of seedlings. In the course of research, we established that the presence of allelopathically active substances of creeping wheat inhibits the energy of wheat seed germination in all experimental variants. The water extract in a ratio of 1 to 1000 had a stimulating effect on seed germination and further growth of wheat seedlings compared to the control option, in which its seeds were germinated in distilled water. An increase in the concentration of water extracts of creeping wheatgrass (1:100; 1:50; 1:20 and 1:10) directly proportionally led to a significant inhibition of the growth of the germinal root of wheat. The lag of indicators in length ranged from 0.34 cm (1:100) to 1.32 cm (1:10) on the fourth day of accounting. Further measurements of both the length of the germinal root and the total length of the root system of wheat confirmed the prolongation of the negative impact of wheatgrass emissions. The stem length of wheat seedlings also depended on the concentration of allelochemical substances of Elytrigia repens L. in Petri dishes: it decreased with increasing concentration. According to the above options, during the accounting on the 7th day, the decrease in the indicator was from 44.4% (1:100) to 95.9% (1:10) in relation to the control option. That is, the allelopathically active water-soluble substances of Elytrigia repens L. can have a stimulating or inhibiting effect on the germination process of wheat seeds, depending on their concentration level.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82132555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-10
S. Okrushko, Yurii Shcatula
The article summarizes the results of research on weed control with soil and insurance herbicides, as well as evaluates the influence of the growth regulator Noostim on the formation of the winter rapeseed crop hybrid Dalton. We researched the species of weeds and evaluated the ecological and biological effectiveness of herbicides. The weeding structure of the agrocenosis of winter rape is presented as follows: on average there were 53 plants/m2, among which the presence of monocots was 14 plants/m2 and dicots 39 plants/m2. Therefore, it was established that the type of weediness is mixed, and the degree is medium. The drugs studied in the experiment did not inhibit winter rape plants and liquefaction of crop density was not observed. Treatment of rapeseed crops with Noostim was important for regulating the development of cultivated plants, reducing the risks of stress from pesticide load, ensuring control of the most common diseases and contributing to increased yields. Typhoon herbicide treatment (2.0 l / ha) reduced weeds by 79% compared to controls. Only cereal weeds remained after the application of the insurance herbicide Slash (1.0 l / ha). Higher height of winter rape plants and better branching ensured an increase in yield with consistent application of herbicides. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data confirms that the introduction of herbicides reduced the number and harmfulness of weeds, which significantly affected the growth of yield. The largest number of winter rapeseed seeds was obtained during 2 years of research on the variant, where the herbicides Typhoon (1.6 l/ha) and Slash (0.75 l/ha) were applied sequentially with reduced from the recommended rates of use together with the growth regulator Noostim (0, 3 l/ha). The oil content in winter rapeseed increased to 46.4-46.7%, and the oil yield was 1.57-1.94 t ha-1 as a result of reducing the level of weed vegetation due to the application of herbicides.
综述了土壤除草剂和保险除草剂防治杂草的研究成果，评价了生长调节剂nostim对冬季油菜籽作物杂交品种道尔顿形成的影响。我们研究了杂草的种类，并评价了除草剂的生态和生物有效性。冬油菜结瘤病的除草结构为:平均53株/m2，其中单子叶14株/m2，双子叶39株/m2。因此，确定杂草类型为混合型，程度为中等。实验所研究的药物对冬油菜没有抑制作用，也未观察到作物密度液化现象。用Noostim处理油菜籽作物对于调节栽培植物的发育、减少农药负荷带来的应激风险、确保控制最常见的疾病和有助于提高产量具有重要意义。台风除草剂处理(2.0 l / ha)与对照相比减少了79%的杂草。施用保险除草剂Slash (1.0 l / hm2)后，仅残留谷物杂草。冬油菜植株较高的株高和较好的分枝，保证了在持续施用除草剂的情况下产量的提高。对获得的数据进行统计评价，证实除草剂的引入减少了杂草的数量和危害，显著影响了产量的增长。在对该变种进行的2年研究中，按推荐用量依次施用Typhoon (1.6 l/ha)和Slash (0.75 l/ha)除草剂，并施用生长调节剂Noostim (0.3 l/ha)，获得了最多的冬油菜种子。由于施用除草剂减少了杂草植被，冬油菜含油量增加到46.4% ~ 46.7%，产量为1.57 ~ 1.94 t hm -1。
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE YIELD OF WINTER RAPESEED","authors":"S. Okrushko, Yurii Shcatula","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the results of research on weed control with soil and insurance herbicides, as well as evaluates the influence of the growth regulator Noostim on the formation of the winter rapeseed crop hybrid Dalton. We researched the species of weeds and evaluated the ecological and biological effectiveness of herbicides. The weeding structure of the agrocenosis of winter rape is presented as follows: on average there were 53 plants/m2, among which the presence of monocots was 14 plants/m2 and dicots 39 plants/m2. Therefore, it was established that the type of weediness is mixed, and the degree is medium. The drugs studied in the experiment did not inhibit winter rape plants and liquefaction of crop density was not observed. Treatment of rapeseed crops with Noostim was important for regulating the development of cultivated plants, reducing the risks of stress from pesticide load, ensuring control of the most common diseases and contributing to increased yields. Typhoon herbicide treatment (2.0 l / ha) reduced weeds by 79% compared to controls. Only cereal weeds remained after the application of the insurance herbicide Slash (1.0 l / ha). Higher height of winter rape plants and better branching ensured an increase in yield with consistent application of herbicides. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data confirms that the introduction of herbicides reduced the number and harmfulness of weeds, which significantly affected the growth of yield. The largest number of winter rapeseed seeds was obtained during 2 years of research on the variant, where the herbicides Typhoon (1.6 l/ha) and Slash (0.75 l/ha) were applied sequentially with reduced from the recommended rates of use together with the growth regulator Noostim (0, 3 l/ha). The oil content in winter rapeseed increased to 46.4-46.7%, and the oil yield was 1.57-1.94 t ha-1 as a result of reducing the level of weed vegetation due to the application of herbicides.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81134813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-9
P. Verheles
This article presents the results of studies of the main elements and methods of controlling the development of weeds in corn crops and the identified changes in water and nutrient properties of the soil. The optimal tank mixtures and technological combinations of new soil and insurance herbicides have been determined, which provide a high level of technical efficiency on a wide species spectrum of weeds that clog corn crops. In particular, for farm conditions, the complex nature of the formation of the type of weediness, which changes during the growing season of the crop, was noted. The results of assessments of the dynamics of weed vegetation indicate a gradual increase in cenotic tension due to the gradual transition of dominant species of weeds, such as Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Gould , Sonchus arvensis L, Cirsium arvense L., Convolvulus arvensis L. in the middle tier of sowing with a simultaneous increase in the frequency of their determination by 1.1-1.3 times. It was established that the best growth and development of the total leaf surface of corn plants (2.15-2.26 pcs./m2) was noted on the herbicide agro background and complete removal of weeds, and with natural weediness of the crops - a negative effect on growth processes, size and duration of functioning of leaves (1.14 pcs./m2). According to the research results, the technical efficiency against weeds of the first wave reached 100% when combining soil and insurance herbicides - Dual Gold - 1.5 l/ha (before sowing) + Stellar - 1.25 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 1.25 l/ha (by stairs); during the second and subsequent waves of weeds, protection systems that combine vegetative and soil deterrent effects are best controlled (Stellar - 0.8 l/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 0.8 l/ha and Kelvin Plus - 0.3 kg/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + PA Hasten - 1 l/ha). The highest yield of corn grain (6.98 t ha-1 and 6.81 t ha-1) was obtained from the combination of soil and insurance preparations Akris (before sowing) + Kelvin Plus and PAR Hasten (after the steps) and Dual Gold (before sowing) + Stellar and surfactant Metolat (by stairs); Akris + Stellar + metolat surfactant (yield - 6.68 t ha-1) was singled out among post-emergence herbicide mixtures; with autonomous use of the preparations Stellar and Kelvin Plus, the yield was 6.35 t ha-1 and 6.22 t ha-1, respectively. The identical economic expediency of using such variants of herbicide application on corn Akris, 1.5 l/ha + Stellar, 0.8 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, 0.8 l/ha and Stellar, 1.25 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, has been confirmed ,1.25 l/ha, which was 43% higher than in the control with natural weeding and 33.2-33.4% higher than in the option of inter-row cultivation with manual weeding.
{"title":"CONTROL OF CORN POLLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE","authors":"P. Verheles","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-9","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of studies of the main elements and methods of controlling the development of weeds in corn crops and the identified changes in water and nutrient properties of the soil. The optimal tank mixtures and technological combinations of new soil and insurance herbicides have been determined, which provide a high level of technical efficiency on a wide species spectrum of weeds that clog corn crops. In particular, for farm conditions, the complex nature of the formation of the type of weediness, which changes during the growing season of the crop, was noted. The results of assessments of the dynamics of weed vegetation indicate a gradual increase in cenotic tension due to the gradual transition of dominant species of weeds, such as Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Gould , Sonchus arvensis L, Cirsium arvense L., Convolvulus arvensis L. in the middle tier of sowing with a simultaneous increase in the frequency of their determination by 1.1-1.3 times. It was established that the best growth and development of the total leaf surface of corn plants (2.15-2.26 pcs./m2) was noted on the herbicide agro background and complete removal of weeds, and with natural weediness of the crops - a negative effect on growth processes, size and duration of functioning of leaves (1.14 pcs./m2). According to the research results, the technical efficiency against weeds of the first wave reached 100% when combining soil and insurance herbicides - Dual Gold - 1.5 l/ha (before sowing) + Stellar - 1.25 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 1.25 l/ha (by stairs); during the second and subsequent waves of weeds, protection systems that combine vegetative and soil deterrent effects are best controlled (Stellar - 0.8 l/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + Surfactant Metolate - 0.8 l/ha and Kelvin Plus - 0.3 kg/ha + Akris - 1.5 l/ha + PA Hasten - 1 l/ha). The highest yield of corn grain (6.98 t ha-1 and 6.81 t ha-1) was obtained from the combination of soil and insurance preparations Akris (before sowing) + Kelvin Plus and PAR Hasten (after the steps) and Dual Gold (before sowing) + Stellar and surfactant Metolat (by stairs); Akris + Stellar + metolat surfactant (yield - 6.68 t ha-1) was singled out among post-emergence herbicide mixtures; with autonomous use of the preparations Stellar and Kelvin Plus, the yield was 6.35 t ha-1 and 6.22 t ha-1, respectively. The identical economic expediency of using such variants of herbicide application on corn Akris, 1.5 l/ha + Stellar, 0.8 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, 0.8 l/ha and Stellar, 1.25 l/ha + Metolat surfactant, has been confirmed ,1.25 l/ha, which was 43% higher than in the control with natural weeding and 33.2-33.4% higher than in the option of inter-row cultivation with manual weeding.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77494713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-6
S. Vdovenko, S. Poltoretskyi, M. Polishchuk, Pavlo Verheles
The article presents the results of studies of the influence of technological methods of cultivation on the processes of growth and development of seed potato plants. The highest rates of linear growth of plant height were noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both during the treatment of tubers and in the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer. At the same time, the height of plants was 79.2 and 75.0 cm, which is 9.2 and 8.2 cm higher than in the control variant, the number of tubers was 8.5 and 6.5 pcs, the number of stems per plant was 4.8 and 4.5 pcs, the leaf surface area was 22.7 and 22.0 thousand m2/ha. The weight of potato tubers, as well as marketability depended on the intensification of technological methods of cultivation. The highest mass of planting tubers, as well as their marketability, was noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both during the processing of tubers and the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer - 84.5 and 75.5 g, which is 4.0 g higher than the control variant, as well as marketability of 90 and 74%, which is 6 and 4.5% higher than the control variant, respectively, in varieties Bellarosa and Opillya. Potato yields primarily depended on varietal characteristics. The highest potato yield was noted in the Bellarosa variety - 29.9 t/ha, compared to the Opillya variety - 19.5 t/ha. The use of growth regulator Emistim C in the treatment of potato tubers on the background of fertilizer N46P46K46 increased the level of yield to 30.3 and 19.5 t/ha, with the combined treatment of tubers and in the phase of germination with the growth regulator Emistim C, the yield of potatoes was 30.7 and 20.2 t/ha, respectively. The highest level of productivity was noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both in the treatment of tubers and in the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer - 33.0 and 22.9 t/ha, which is higher than in the control variant by 3.1 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively.
{"title":"STUDY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF SEED POTATO PLANTS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER, GROWTH REGULATOR AND EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS","authors":"S. Vdovenko, S. Poltoretskyi, M. Polishchuk, Pavlo Verheles","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of the influence of technological methods of cultivation on the processes of growth and development of seed potato plants. The highest rates of linear growth of plant height were noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both during the treatment of tubers and in the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer. At the same time, the height of plants was 79.2 and 75.0 cm, which is 9.2 and 8.2 cm higher than in the control variant, the number of tubers was 8.5 and 6.5 pcs, the number of stems per plant was 4.8 and 4.5 pcs, the leaf surface area was 22.7 and 22.0 thousand m2/ha. The weight of potato tubers, as well as marketability depended on the intensification of technological methods of cultivation. The highest mass of planting tubers, as well as their marketability, was noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both during the processing of tubers and the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer - 84.5 and 75.5 g, which is 4.0 g higher than the control variant, as well as marketability of 90 and 74%, which is 6 and 4.5% higher than the control variant, respectively, in varieties Bellarosa and Opillya. Potato yields primarily depended on varietal characteristics. The highest potato yield was noted in the Bellarosa variety - 29.9 t/ha, compared to the Opillya variety - 19.5 t/ha. The use of growth regulator Emistim C in the treatment of potato tubers on the background of fertilizer N46P46K46 increased the level of yield to 30.3 and 19.5 t/ha, with the combined treatment of tubers and in the phase of germination with the growth regulator Emistim C, the yield of potatoes was 30.7 and 20.2 t/ha, respectively. The highest level of productivity was noted in the variant where the growth regulator Emistim C was applied against the background of fertilizer N46P46K46, both in the treatment of tubers and in the germination phase, as well as two foliar fertilizing in the budding phase and after flowering with Micro-Mineralis microfertilizer - 33.0 and 22.9 t/ha, which is higher than in the control variant by 3.1 and 3.4 t/ha, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79619782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-2
V. Tsyhanskyi
Corn is one of the oldest agricultural crops. It is one of the most productive cereals of universal purpose, which is grown for food, feed and technical purposes. In the countries of the world about 20% of corn grain is used for food needs, 15-20% for technical needs, 60 - 65% for fodder for farm animals. In our country, corn is the most important fodder crop. At its expense, livestock is provided with concentrated feed, silage and green mass. The most valuable feed is corn grain, which contains 9-12% protein, 65-70% carbohydrates, 4-8% oil, 1.5% minerals. 100 kg of it contains 134 feeds, units, up to 8 kg of digestible protein. In the current conditions of agricultural production, biological fertilizers and drugs with different mechanisms of action on plants are in increasing demand among agricultural producers. Particular attention is paid to biological products that promote the active settlement of root and root zone mycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic rhizosphere bacteria, one of which is Melanoriz and complex fertilizers based on potassium humate type Gumifrend, which are created with additional content of beneficial microorganisms and their products. These biological preparations ensure the development of soil biota, increase soil fertility, while activating its suppression against phytopathogens, increase crop yields, including corn. The research was conducted with the use of modern promising biological products, manufactured by BTU Center, which were used for pre-sowing seed treatment and application to foliar fertilization. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the treatment of seeds before sowing with Melanoriz with a rate of 3 l / t and the application of humic fertilizer Gumifrend (0.5 l / ha) and its combination with plant growth regulator Stimpo (25 ml / ha) provided the best plant productivity parameters. Under these growing conditions, the maximum plant height in the experiment was 236.1 cm, leaf surface area 44.6 thousand m 2 / ha, grain weight from the beginning of 152.6 g, weight of 1000 grains 286.6 g and grain yield 11, 75 t ha-1.
玉米是最古老的农作物之一。它是产量最高的通用谷物之一，可作为食品、饲料和技术用途种植。在世界各国，约20%的玉米谷物用于食品需求，15-20%用于技术需求，60 - 65%用于农场动物饲料。在我国，玉米是最重要的饲料作物。在此基础上，为牲畜提供浓缩饲料、青贮饲料和青稞饲料。最有价值的饲料是玉米，它含有9-12%的蛋白质，65-70%的碳水化合物，4-8%的油，1.5%的矿物质。每100公斤含有134个饲料单位，可消化蛋白质达8公斤。在目前的农业生产条件下，农业生产者对具有不同作用机制的生物肥料和药物的需求日益增加。特别关注的是促进根和根区菌根真菌和腐生根际细菌主动沉降的生物制品，其中之一是Melanoriz和基于腐植酸钾型Gumifrend的复合肥料，它们是在有益微生物及其产物的基础上添加额外含量的。这些生物制剂保证了土壤生物群的发育，增加了土壤肥力，同时激活了其对植物病原菌的抑制，提高了包括玉米在内的作物产量。本研究采用BTU中心生产的具有现代前景的生物制品进行播前种子处理和叶面施肥。结果表明，播前施3 l / t的Melanoriz和施用0.5 l / ha的腐殖质肥料Gumifrend及其与植物生长调节剂Stimpo (25 ml / ha)联合施用可提供最佳的植株生产参数。在此生长条件下，试验植株最高株高236.1 cm，叶表面积4.46万m2 / ha，始粒重152.6 g，千粒重286.6 g，籽粒产量11.75 t ha-1。
{"title":"FORMATION OF CORN PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE USE OF MODERN BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE RIGHT BANK","authors":"V. Tsyhanskyi","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is one of the oldest agricultural crops. It is one of the most productive cereals of universal purpose, which is grown for food, feed and technical purposes. In the countries of the world about 20% of corn grain is used for food needs, 15-20% for technical needs, 60 - 65% for fodder for farm animals. In our country, corn is the most important fodder crop. At its expense, livestock is provided with concentrated feed, silage and green mass. The most valuable feed is corn grain, which contains 9-12% protein, 65-70% carbohydrates, 4-8% oil, 1.5% minerals. 100 kg of it contains 134 feeds, units, up to 8 kg of digestible protein. In the current conditions of agricultural production, biological fertilizers and drugs with different mechanisms of action on plants are in increasing demand among agricultural producers. Particular attention is paid to biological products that promote the active settlement of root and root zone mycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic rhizosphere bacteria, one of which is Melanoriz and complex fertilizers based on potassium humate type Gumifrend, which are created with additional content of beneficial microorganisms and their products. These biological preparations ensure the development of soil biota, increase soil fertility, while activating its suppression against phytopathogens, increase crop yields, including corn. The research was conducted with the use of modern promising biological products, manufactured by BTU Center, which were used for pre-sowing seed treatment and application to foliar fertilization. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the treatment of seeds before sowing with Melanoriz with a rate of 3 l / t and the application of humic fertilizer Gumifrend (0.5 l / ha) and its combination with plant growth regulator Stimpo (25 ml / ha) provided the best plant productivity parameters. Under these growing conditions, the maximum plant height in the experiment was 236.1 cm, leaf surface area 44.6 thousand m 2 / ha, grain weight from the beginning of 152.6 g, weight of 1000 grains 286.6 g and grain yield 11, 75 t ha-1.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73549734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-7
O. Mazur
The article presents the results of studies evaluating soybean varieties for adaptability in different soil and climatic conditions in terms of grain productivity, the duration of the "seedling-flowering" interphase period, and the weight of 1,000 seeds. Soybean varieties were ranked according to plasticity and stability according to their response to environmental factors.Soybean varieties Hoverla, Artemis and Amethyst, according to the results of calculations of plasticity (bі) and stability (Si²) indicators, belonged to the fifth rank in terms of grain productivity. Therefore, it can be argued that these varieties have better results under favorable growing conditions and are stable, they need to be grown in conditions of increased agricultural culture.Shifting the flowering of soybeans to an earlier period, while preserving the overall length of the growing season, makes it possible to increase drought resistance due to the early transition to the critical water consumption generative phase.The shortest interphase germination-flowering period in terms of test points and years of research was noted in the varieties Amethyst - 41.6, Hoverla - 44.6, and Artemis - 45.3 days. Hoverla, Zolotista, Vezha and Oriana varieties were highly adaptable to growing conditions. These varieties were distinguished by a slight reaction to the change in edapho-climatic conditions, providing stable indicators for the duration of the interphase seedling-flowering period, the coefficient of plasticity (bi) < 1 and are classified as the first rank, providing the best results in adverse growing conditions.A slight decrease in the weight of 1,000 seeds over a long period of research is an indicator of drought resistance of the variety. The Hoverla and Amethyst varieties had the highest values of 157.5 and 154.8 g for the weight of 1000 seeds, as well as for homeostaticity – 53.8 and 45.7 and the highest agronomic stability (As) – 97.1 and 96.6.
{"title":"ADAPTIVE ABILITY VARIETIES OF SOY UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS","authors":"O. Mazur","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies evaluating soybean varieties for adaptability in different soil and climatic conditions in terms of grain productivity, the duration of the \"seedling-flowering\" interphase period, and the weight of 1,000 seeds. Soybean varieties were ranked according to plasticity and stability according to their response to environmental factors.Soybean varieties Hoverla, Artemis and Amethyst, according to the results of calculations of plasticity (bі) and stability (Si²) indicators, belonged to the fifth rank in terms of grain productivity. Therefore, it can be argued that these varieties have better results under favorable growing conditions and are stable, they need to be grown in conditions of increased agricultural culture.Shifting the flowering of soybeans to an earlier period, while preserving the overall length of the growing season, makes it possible to increase drought resistance due to the early transition to the critical water consumption generative phase.The shortest interphase germination-flowering period in terms of test points and years of research was noted in the varieties Amethyst - 41.6, Hoverla - 44.6, and Artemis - 45.3 days. Hoverla, Zolotista, Vezha and Oriana varieties were highly adaptable to growing conditions. These varieties were distinguished by a slight reaction to the change in edapho-climatic conditions, providing stable indicators for the duration of the interphase seedling-flowering period, the coefficient of plasticity (bi) < 1 and are classified as the first rank, providing the best results in adverse growing conditions.A slight decrease in the weight of 1,000 seeds over a long period of research is an indicator of drought resistance of the variety. The Hoverla and Amethyst varieties had the highest values of 157.5 and 154.8 g for the weight of 1000 seeds, as well as for homeostaticity – 53.8 and 45.7 and the highest agronomic stability (As) – 97.1 and 96.6.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81268950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-4
N. Matviichuk, P. Vyshnivskyi
The problem of the lack of a perfect informational, regulatory and organizational-functional system that would regulate and ensure the scientifically based use of land in the conditions of agricultural reform, restructuring of land ownership, and the emergence of many new land users and landowners, increasing competition for land resources due to urbanization transport, other non-agricultural use is an urgent problem in Ukraine. It was investigated that the yield level of winter wheat within the Volyn region fluctuates almost one and a half times, which is caused by the heterogeneity of the soil and climatic conditions of the region. The general yield levels of winter wheat were established: it is the largest for cluster 1 (Forest-steppe zone), the smallest - for cluster 2 (Polyssia) and has an intermediate value for cluster 2 (transition zone). The approach of the specific yield of cluster 3 to the zero level emphasizes the stable transitional nature of the corresponding space within the Volyn region. After 2000, the rate of yield growth within Polissia began to rapidly decrease compared to the rate of growth of winter wheat yield in the Forest Steppe, so the share in the total yield in the region became smaller in Polissia. Variability in time of winter wheat yield is the smallest in the south and center of the region, and the largest in the north, east and west. The presence of asymmetry indicates the heterogeneity of winter wheat yield conditions and regimes during the research period and the possibility of establishing qualitatively homogeneous time intervals, i.e., the periodization of the studied time according to winter wheat yield indicators. The asymmetry of the distribution is also accompanied by its two peaks (there is a strong positive correlation between asymmetry and kurtosis r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Such results emphasize the presence of heterogeneous periods in the temporal yield of winter wheat during the research period. Periodization by types of winter wheat yield dynamics established that in periods 1 and 2 it was synchronous in all spatial clusters, and in the third period there was a differentiation of yield growth rates. It is the largest in the forest-steppe zone, the smallest in Polissia, and in the transition zone, the growth rate has an intermediate value.
在农业改革、土地所有权重组、出现了许多新的土地使用者和土地所有者、城市化、交通和其他非农业用途导致对土地资源的竞争加剧的情况下，乌克兰缺乏一个完善的信息、监管和组织职能系统来规范和确保土地的科学利用，这是乌克兰迫切需要解决的问题。研究表明，沃林地区冬小麦产量水平波动幅度接近1.5倍，这是由该地区土壤和气候条件的异质性造成的。建立了冬小麦的一般产量水平:第1类(森林草原区)产量最大，第2类(多毛草区)产量最小，第2类(过渡区)产量处于中间值。2000年以后，波兰境内的产量增长率相对于森林草原的冬小麦产量增长率开始迅速下降，因此波兰境内在该地区总产量中所占的份额变小。冬小麦产量的时间变异性在区域的南部和中部最小，在北部、东部和西部最大。不对称性的存在表明研究期间冬小麦产量条件和制度的异质性，以及建立定性均匀时间间隔的可能性，即根据冬小麦产量指标对研究时间进行周期化。分布的不对称性也伴随着它的两个峰(不对称性与峰度之间有很强的正相关r = 0.95, p < 0.001)。这些结果强调了研究期间冬小麦时间产量存在异质性时期。冬小麦产量动态的类型分期表明，在第1、2阶段，各空间集群的产量动态是同步的，而在第3阶段，产量增长速率存在差异。在森林草原带最大，在波兰最小，在过渡带，增长率为中间值。
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE VOLYN OBLAST","authors":"N. Matviichuk, P. Vyshnivskyi","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the lack of a perfect informational, regulatory and organizational-functional system that would regulate and ensure the scientifically based use of land in the conditions of agricultural reform, restructuring of land ownership, and the emergence of many new land users and landowners, increasing competition for land resources due to urbanization transport, other non-agricultural use is an urgent problem in Ukraine. It was investigated that the yield level of winter wheat within the Volyn region fluctuates almost one and a half times, which is caused by the heterogeneity of the soil and climatic conditions of the region. The general yield levels of winter wheat were established: it is the largest for cluster 1 (Forest-steppe zone), the smallest - for cluster 2 (Polyssia) and has an intermediate value for cluster 2 (transition zone). The approach of the specific yield of cluster 3 to the zero level emphasizes the stable transitional nature of the corresponding space within the Volyn region. After 2000, the rate of yield growth within Polissia began to rapidly decrease compared to the rate of growth of winter wheat yield in the Forest Steppe, so the share in the total yield in the region became smaller in Polissia. Variability in time of winter wheat yield is the smallest in the south and center of the region, and the largest in the north, east and west. The presence of asymmetry indicates the heterogeneity of winter wheat yield conditions and regimes during the research period and the possibility of establishing qualitatively homogeneous time intervals, i.e., the periodization of the studied time according to winter wheat yield indicators. The asymmetry of the distribution is also accompanied by its two peaks (there is a strong positive correlation between asymmetry and kurtosis r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Such results emphasize the presence of heterogeneous periods in the temporal yield of winter wheat during the research period.\u0000Periodization by types of winter wheat yield dynamics established that in periods 1 and 2 it was synchronous in all spatial clusters, and in the third period there was a differentiation of yield growth rates. It is the largest in the forest-steppe zone, the smallest in Polissia, and in the transition zone, the growth rate has an intermediate value.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82571733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-15
Sergey Amons
The productivity of under-cover and no-cover sowings of meadow clover under different sowing rates of cover and under-sowing crops in the forest-steppe remains insufficiently studied, the choice of sowing method is determined by biological, soil-climatic conditions, economic and economic possibilities of the farm. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the method of creating a grass stand and different sowing rates of cover crops and under seeding on the formation of photosynthetic productivity of meadow clover crops in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. At the same time, it should be taken into account that no-cover sowing was in the second year, while under-cover sowing was in the first year of using the grass stand. In coverless crops, with an increase in the rate of sowing seeds, the area of the leaf surface increased. In all cases, increasing the sowing rate of cover crops reduced the leaf surface area of clover in the second year of life. The conducted studies showed that grass clover accumulates solar energy most effectively in the first year of use. The coefficient of use of PAR was in the range of 2,01-1,66%. Its maximum value was noted on the option with clover under-sowing under millet with the minimum rate of its sowing and the average meadow clover – 2,01%.
{"title":"PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF MEADOW CLOVER CROPS COVERLESS AND UNDERCOVER CROPS, DEPENDING ON THE NORMS OF THEIR SOWING","authors":"Sergey Amons","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-15","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of under-cover and no-cover sowings of meadow clover under different sowing rates of cover and under-sowing crops in the forest-steppe remains insufficiently studied, the choice of sowing method is determined by biological, soil-climatic conditions, economic and economic possibilities of the farm. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the method of creating a grass stand and different sowing rates of cover crops and under seeding on the formation of photosynthetic productivity of meadow clover crops in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. Research has established that the method of creating a grass stand and the rate of sowing of cover crops and seed crops significantly influenced the level of yield, the formation of indicators of the assimilation surface, photosynthetic potential and the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by meadow clover grass stands. At the same time, it should be taken into account that no-cover sowing was in the second year, while under-cover sowing was in the first year of using the grass stand. In coverless crops, with an increase in the rate of sowing seeds, the area of the leaf surface increased. In all cases, increasing the sowing rate of cover crops reduced the leaf surface area of clover in the second year of life. The conducted studies showed that grass clover accumulates solar energy most effectively in the first year of use. The coefficient of use of PAR was in the range of 2,01-1,66%. Its maximum value was noted on the option with clover under-sowing under millet with the minimum rate of its sowing and the average meadow clover – 2,01%.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76474307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-16
Lina Вronnikova
The article highlights the influence of different predecessors on the cultivation of winter rye. The expediency of cultivation is proved and the importance and features of this crop as a food and fodder crop are indicated. The role of weeds and their impact on winter rye crops is also outlined. Winter rye belongs to high-yielding cereals. Advanced farms harvest 40-50 c/ha and more of grain. The experience of these farms is highlighted in the analysis of scientific literature sources, which indicates the presence of reserves for increasing the yield of rye in Ukraine. It is grown mainly for grain, as well as for green fodder (often in mixtures with winter vetch, winter rape). Rye bread has high nutritional and taste qualities due to its high content of proteins, vitamins (A, B, E) and high energy value. Rye grain is of great importance as a concentrated feed for farm animals. Rye flour is used for feeding pigs, and bran - for cattle. In a mixture with winter vetch and winter rape, rye in spring gives the earliest green fodder for animals. It is noted that weeds are most often present in crops of field crops from the groups of rhizome perennial weeds and root-sprouting weeds. Quite often there are pink thistle (Crisium arvense L.), field bindweed (Convolulus arvensis L.), creeping wheatgrass (Elytriga repens L.), horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), creeping bitterweed (Acroptilon repens L.) and others. Among the most aggressive species are representatives of winter and biennial dicotyledonous wintering weeds. The most commonly found in winter rye crops are the following representatives: wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), wild violet (Viola arvensis.), odorless chamomile (Matricaria perforate), wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), common bindweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L. ), clinging feverfew (Galium aparine.), field axes (Consolida regalis S.), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L.), medium starwort (Stellaria media), white pupal (Melandrium album), Sophia's descurainia (Descurainia Sophia), field thalassa (Thlaspi arvense). It was found that the correct selection of the predecessor for the cereal crop of winter rye will be able to satisfy high grain productivity, which will allow maintaining the agrophytocenosis in proper condition in relation to the negative impact of weed infestation and will help to reduce the overall number and species composition of segetal vegetation in winter rye crops.
{"title":"THE FORMATION OF THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER RYE CROPS DEPENDS ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PREDECESSORS","authors":"Lina Вronnikova","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-4-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the influence of different predecessors on the cultivation of winter rye. The expediency of cultivation is proved and the importance and features of this crop as a food and fodder crop are indicated. The role of weeds and their impact on winter rye crops is also outlined. Winter rye belongs to high-yielding cereals. Advanced farms harvest 40-50 c/ha and more of grain. The experience of these farms is highlighted in the analysis of scientific literature sources, which indicates the presence of reserves for increasing the yield of rye in Ukraine. It is grown mainly for grain, as well as for green fodder (often in mixtures with winter vetch, winter rape). Rye bread has high nutritional and taste qualities due to its high content of proteins, vitamins (A, B, E) and high energy value. Rye grain is of great importance as a concentrated feed for farm animals. Rye flour is used for feeding pigs, and bran - for cattle. In a mixture with winter vetch and winter rape, rye in spring gives the earliest green fodder for animals. It is noted that weeds are most often present in crops of field crops from the groups of rhizome perennial weeds and root-sprouting weeds. Quite often there are pink thistle (Crisium arvense L.), field bindweed (Convolulus arvensis L.), creeping wheatgrass (Elytriga repens L.), horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), creeping bitterweed (Acroptilon repens L.) and others. Among the most aggressive species are representatives of winter and biennial dicotyledonous wintering weeds. The most commonly found in winter rye crops are the following representatives: wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), wild violet (Viola arvensis.), odorless chamomile (Matricaria perforate), wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), common bindweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L. ), clinging feverfew (Galium aparine.), field axes (Consolida regalis S.), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L.), medium starwort (Stellaria media), white pupal (Melandrium album), Sophia's descurainia (Descurainia Sophia), field thalassa (Thlaspi arvense). It was found that the correct selection of the predecessor for the cereal crop of winter rye will be able to satisfy high grain productivity, which will allow maintaining the agrophytocenosis in proper condition in relation to the negative impact of weed infestation and will help to reduce the overall number and species composition of segetal vegetation in winter rye crops.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89149287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：