Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252964
Y. Osadcha
The sources of artificial light of the latest generation in poultry farming are LED lamps, which are able to give monochrome light. It is known that the wavelength of light affects the behavior, well-being and productivity of birds, but the effect of changing the wavelength of light under monochrome light has not yet been studied. Nonspecific adaptive reactions of hens under the influence of light wavelength of monochrome light have been studied. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for food eggs production, 4 groups of hens of industrial herd «Hy-Line W-36» were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 460 nm, the 2nd group — 600 nm, the 3rd group — 630 nm and the 4th group — 650 nm. To assess the adaptive and overall reactive immunological potential of hens, integrated immunohematological indices of intoxication, inflammatory activity and nonspecific reactivity were determined on the basis of an extended general blood test. It was found that a decrease in the wavelength of light increases the indices of leukocyte shift, the heterophiles to leukocytes ratio, immunoreactivity, the heterophiles to monocytes ratio, the lymphocytes to monocytes ratio and the lymphocytes to eosinophils ratio. This indicates a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, the predominance of nonspecific protective cells due to a functional increase in bone marrow proliferative activity and is expressed in increased heterophiles, increased activity in the microphage-macrophage immune response system and indicates the presence of high levels in the body and impaired immunological reactivity, and can inform about the autoimmune nature of the pathological process. It is shown that at the same time there is a decrease in lymphocytegranulocyte index, leukocyte-ESR ratio, total and lymphocyte indices, which confirms the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left and indicates a predominance of activation of the cellular link due to intoxication. Simultaneous increase in the leukocyte shift index and decrease in the lymphocyte-granulocyte index indicates the development of endogenous intoxication in hens and impaired immunological reactivity due to autointoxication of the body during the destruction of its own cells.
{"title":"Nonspecific adaptive reactions of hen’s body under the influence of light wavelength","authors":"Y. Osadcha","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252964","url":null,"abstract":"The sources of artificial light of the latest generation in poultry farming are LED lamps, which are able to give monochrome light. It is known that the wavelength of light affects the behavior, well-being and productivity of birds, but the effect of changing the wavelength of light under monochrome light has not yet been studied. Nonspecific adaptive reactions of hens under the influence of light wavelength of monochrome light have been studied. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for food eggs production, 4 groups of hens of industrial herd «Hy-Line W-36» were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 460 nm, the 2nd group — 600 nm, the 3rd group — 630 nm and the 4th group — 650 nm. To assess the adaptive and overall reactive immunological potential of hens, integrated immunohematological indices of intoxication, inflammatory activity and nonspecific reactivity were determined on the basis of an extended general blood test. It was found that a decrease in the wavelength of light increases the indices of leukocyte shift, the heterophiles to leukocytes ratio, immunoreactivity, the heterophiles to monocytes ratio, the lymphocytes to monocytes ratio and the lymphocytes to eosinophils ratio. This indicates a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, the predominance of nonspecific protective cells due to a functional increase in bone marrow proliferative activity and is expressed in increased heterophiles, increased activity in the microphage-macrophage immune response system and indicates the presence of high levels in the body and impaired immunological reactivity, and can inform about the autoimmune nature of the pathological process. It is shown that at the same time there is a decrease in lymphocytegranulocyte index, leukocyte-ESR ratio, total and lymphocyte indices, which confirms the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left and indicates a predominance of activation of the cellular link due to intoxication. Simultaneous increase in the leukocyte shift index and decrease in the lymphocyte-granulocyte index indicates the development of endogenous intoxication in hens and impaired immunological reactivity due to autointoxication of the body during the destruction of its own cells.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77545808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252962
A. Kirilchuk
The results of research in the department of grain breeding and seed production in 2015–2018 are presented by NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAN» located in Fastiv district of Kyiv region. The winter triticale varieties Volemir and Fanat with a seed yield of 8.0 t/ha have been identified. In the varieties Maetok Polesskiy, Lubomir and sample KS 9-17, the amount of wet gluten in the grain was found at the standard level and in absolute terms was 14.0–14.4%. According to the elasticity of gluten with indicators from 87.5 to 90 units of the IDK device, varieties Aristocrat, Volemir, Solodyuk and sample KS 9–17 were distinguished. The varieties Volemir and Molfar with grain nature of 726 and 731 g/l truly exceeded the standard variety by 45 and 50 g/l. In the Maetok Polesskiy variety, gluten was found with an extensibility of 24.0–24.6 cm and was classified as long, good. The gluten content in the grain of the Molfar variety was 19.7%; Gluten was found with good elasticity (I group), light gray in color with average, good extensibility and elasticity (I group), the protein content is assigned to the I class group. The sedimentation index for Zeleni, which carries information about the baking strength of flour in the varieties Volemir, Molfar and sample KS 9–17, was found at the level of 22.0–24.4%. Varieties Volemir, Maetok Polessiy and sample KS 9–17 were distinguished by the mass of 1000 grains, which in absolute terms was 53.0–55.0 g. A direct correlation was found between the indicators of sedimentation according to Zeleni, the content of protein and gluten (r=0.89–0.9). A functional relationship exists between the protein and gluten content of the grain (r=1.0). The varieties Petrol, Kotigoroshko, Fanat have good quality gluten (I group) with average, satisfactory extensibility and elasticity (II group). The varieties Polesskiy 7, Solodyuk, MaetokPolesskiy, Lubomir and sample KS 9–17 have satisfactorily weak gluten (group II) with medium, good extensibility and elasticity (group I). By the quality of the protein varieties Polesskiy 7, Solodyuk, Lyubomir and sample KS 9–17 are assigned to the II class. In the varieties Volemir and Aristocrat, gluten is satisfactorily weak in elasticity (ІІ group), medium, satisfactory in elasticity and elasticity (ІІ group). Distinguished sorts of triticale of the winter-annual Polesye ecotype with combination of economic-valuable signs, enhanceable adaptive properties, high productivity of grain, by a good technological and bakery value it is expedient to use in bakery industry.
{"title":"Gluten content in winter triticale grain (Triticosecale Wittmack el. Camus) for the use in bakery industry","authors":"A. Kirilchuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252962","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research in the department of grain breeding and seed production in 2015–2018 are presented by NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAN» located in Fastiv district of Kyiv region. The winter triticale varieties Volemir and Fanat with a seed yield of 8.0 t/ha have been identified. In the varieties Maetok Polesskiy, Lubomir and sample KS 9-17, the amount of wet gluten in the grain was found at the standard level and in absolute terms was 14.0–14.4%. According to the elasticity of gluten with indicators from 87.5 to 90 units of the IDK device, varieties Aristocrat, Volemir, Solodyuk and sample KS 9–17 were distinguished. The varieties Volemir and Molfar with grain nature of 726 and 731 g/l truly exceeded the standard variety by 45 and 50 g/l. In the Maetok Polesskiy variety, gluten was found with an extensibility of 24.0–24.6 cm and was classified as long, good. The gluten content in the grain of the Molfar variety was 19.7%; Gluten was found with good elasticity (I group), light gray in color with average, good extensibility and elasticity (I group), the protein content is assigned to the I class group. The sedimentation index for Zeleni, which carries information about the baking strength of flour in the varieties Volemir, Molfar and sample KS 9–17, was found at the level of 22.0–24.4%. Varieties Volemir, Maetok Polessiy and sample KS 9–17 were distinguished by the mass of 1000 grains, which in absolute terms was 53.0–55.0 g. A direct correlation was found between the indicators of sedimentation according to Zeleni, the content of protein and gluten (r=0.89–0.9). A functional relationship exists between the protein and gluten content of the grain (r=1.0). The varieties Petrol, Kotigoroshko, Fanat have good quality gluten (I group) with average, satisfactory extensibility and elasticity (II group). The varieties Polesskiy 7, Solodyuk, MaetokPolesskiy, Lubomir and sample KS 9–17 have satisfactorily weak gluten (group II) with medium, good extensibility and elasticity (group I). By the quality of the protein varieties Polesskiy 7, Solodyuk, Lyubomir and sample KS 9–17 are assigned to the II class. In the varieties Volemir and Aristocrat, gluten is satisfactorily weak in elasticity (ІІ group), medium, satisfactory in elasticity and elasticity (ІІ group). Distinguished sorts of triticale of the winter-annual Polesye ecotype with combination of economic-valuable signs, enhanceable adaptive properties, high productivity of grain, by a good technological and bakery value it is expedient to use in bakery industry.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86580019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252955
O. Mudrak, A. Mahdiichuk
In this proposed review article analyzes the literary and archive data that devoted to the study of floristic diversity within the territory of Podillya. Research in this region is historicall divided into four stages. From research directions of ecological and coenotic groups of different types of vegetation were allocated ecological, geobotanical, floristic, systematic, phytososological directions. It was determined, that the results of researches of such leading ecological and coenotic groups as forest, meadow, meadow-steppe, steppe, meadow-swamp and water-swamp vegetation were of great scientific importance and reflection of the specifics of species distribution within the region. We have determined, that descriptions of typical flora species appeared in the XIX century within the general characteristics of the region. It was established, that the first knowledge about the floristic diversity of the region was obtained with the activities of educational institutions, academies of sciences and the local lore scientific-research communities, one of their activities was thorough expeditionary research. During this period, were published the results of research of such authors as V. Besser, A. Andrzhievsky, V. Montresor, O. Rogovich, I. Schmalhausen. These works were of a general nature, but on the basis of the acquired knowledge and collected herbarium material, were formed consolidated lists of plant species, which gave a general idea of the specifics of the distribution of species in the region. Further research concerned the study of the genesis of flora, the definition of plant groups, species differentiation, habitats of individual and rare species, which became a prerequisite for floristic and geobotanical zoning. In this area, most famous studies were studies of J. Pachosky, M. Kotov, W. Szafer, Ye. Bradis, A. Barbarych, G. Kukovitsaetс. As a result of long-term expeditions and vegetation research, many well-known nature protection objects have been founded: Medobory Reserve, the national nature parks «Podilski Tovtry», «Karmeliukove Podillia», «Kremenets Mountains», «Dniester Canyon», «Lower Polissia», «Upper Pobuzhia», regional landscape parks «Maliovanka», «Zagrebellia», «Middle Pobuzhia», «Dniester», «Murafa», «Nemyrivske Pobuzhia» etc. At present, ansozological area of research is important and priority way in context of conservation and protection of phytodiversity, the creation of new and expansion of existing protected areas, the formation of the Emerald Network, the implementation of the regional ecological network of the Podillya region.
本文分析了有关波德里亚属植物区系多样性研究的文献资料和档案资料。这一领域的研究在历史上分为四个阶段。从不同类型植被的生态类群和地理类群的研究方向划分了生态学、地植物学、植物区系学、系统学和植物生理学方向。认为森林、草甸、草甸-草原、草原、草甸-沼泽和水沼泽植被等主要生态群落的研究成果具有重要的科学意义，反映了该地区物种分布的特殊性。我们已经确定，典型植物种类的描述出现在十九世纪的区域的一般特征。对该地区植物多样性的初步认识是在教育机构、科学院和当地科学研究团体的活动中获得的，他们的活动之一是深入的考察研究。在此期间，发表了V. Besser, A. Andrzhievsky, V. Montresor, O. Rogovich, I. Schmalhausen等作者的研究结果。这些工作是一般性的，但在获得的知识和收集的植物标本馆资料的基础上，形成了植物物种的综合清单，这使人们对该地区物种分布的具体情况有了一个总体的认识。进一步的研究涉及植物区系的发生、植物类群的定义、物种分化、个体和稀有物种的生境，这些研究成为植物区系和地植物学区划的先决条件。在这一领域，最著名的研究是J. Pachosky, M. Kotov, W. Szafer, Ye。布拉迪斯，A. Barbarych, G. kukovitsaetr。由于长期的考察和植被研究，建立了许多著名的自然保护区:梅多波里保护区、国家自然公园“波迪尔斯基托夫特里”、“卡尔梅利乌科夫波迪利亚”、“克雷梅涅茨山脉”、“德涅斯特峡谷”、“下波兰”、“上波布日亚”、区域景观公园“马里奥万卡”、“萨格勒贝利亚”、“中波布日亚”、“德涅斯特”、“穆拉法”、“涅米夫斯克波布日亚”等。目前，在保护和保护植物多样性、新建和扩大现有保护区、形成翡翠网络、实施波迪利亚地区区域生态网络等方面，开展生态区域研究是重要和优先的途径。
{"title":"Stages of research of ecological-coenotic vegetation groups of Podillya","authors":"O. Mudrak, A. Mahdiichuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252955","url":null,"abstract":"In this proposed review article analyzes the literary and archive data that devoted to the study of floristic diversity within the territory of Podillya. Research in this region is historicall divided into four stages. From research directions of ecological and coenotic groups of different types of vegetation were allocated ecological, geobotanical, floristic, systematic, phytososological directions. It was determined, that the results of researches of such leading ecological and coenotic groups as forest, meadow, meadow-steppe, steppe, meadow-swamp and water-swamp vegetation were of great scientific importance and reflection of the specifics of species distribution within the region. We have determined, that descriptions of typical flora species appeared in the XIX century within the general characteristics of the region. It was established, that the first knowledge about the floristic diversity of the region was obtained with the activities of educational institutions, academies of sciences and the local lore scientific-research communities, one of their activities was thorough expeditionary research. During this period, were published the results of research of such authors as V. Besser, A. Andrzhievsky, V. Montresor, O. Rogovich, I. Schmalhausen. These works were of a general nature, but on the basis of the acquired knowledge and collected herbarium material, were formed consolidated lists of plant species, which gave a general idea of the specifics of the distribution of species in the region. Further research concerned the study of the genesis of flora, the definition of plant groups, species differentiation, habitats of individual and rare species, which became a prerequisite for floristic and geobotanical zoning. In this area, most famous studies were studies of J. Pachosky, M. Kotov, W. Szafer, Ye. Bradis, A. Barbarych, G. Kukovitsaetс. As a result of long-term expeditions and vegetation research, many well-known nature protection objects have been founded: Medobory Reserve, the national nature parks «Podilski Tovtry», «Karmeliukove Podillia», «Kremenets Mountains», «Dniester Canyon», «Lower Polissia», «Upper Pobuzhia», regional landscape parks «Maliovanka», «Zagrebellia», «Middle Pobuzhia», «Dniester», «Murafa», «Nemyrivske Pobuzhia» etc. At present, ansozological area of research is important and priority way in context of conservation and protection of phytodiversity, the creation of new and expansion of existing protected areas, the formation of the Emerald Network, the implementation of the regional ecological network of the Podillya region. ","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73010751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252953
I. Tymochko
Artificial and natural forest plantations, in addition to important functions for the preservation of the environment, are essential as objects for obtaining certain types of raw materials from plants common in their composition. The participation of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing plants in forest groups from the main list of tree and shrub species as sources of raw materials for apiculture was analyzed. For this purpose, forest management materials of the NorthEastern Forest-Steppe were used (the total area of forest plantations is 336110.3 ha). The main species are Tilia cordata, Robinia pseudoacacia, which are able to provide the main productive honey harvest, in addition to them in the plantations there is a significant group of other species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula, Acer platanoides, Populus tremula, etc.), which can be sources of supporting honey harvest. Of the 38 forest types identified in the study area, fresh maple-linden oak wood predominates (183442.0 ha, 54.58%), slightly smaller areas are occupied by fresh oak-pine subir (47040.9 ha, 14.00%) and linden-oak-pine sugrud (33999.3 ha, 10.12%), as well as dry maple-linden oak wood (28697.7 ha, 8.54%), which together make up more than 85% of the forested area. These types of forests are the richest in raw plants for apiculture. Thus, of the species composition of forest-forming species, which includes 60 species of trees and shrubs, the main species are Quercus robur (190153.9 ha, 56.58%) and Fraxinus excelsior (20318.5 ha, 6.05%), which these are raw plants. In addition, it should be noted that other woody, shrubby and herbaceous plant species, which are a valuable source of nectar and pollen, also play a significant role in the above forest groups, which do not take into account the phytodiversity of field protective forest belts of this territory. Thus, the studied forest plantations of this area can be considered as promising lands for apiculture, which have a seasonal maintenance and local main raw material collection for bees.
人工林和天然林除了具有保护环境的重要功能外，也是从组成相同的植物中获取某些原料的必要对象。分析了我国主要乔灌木树种中有花蜜和有花粉植物作为养蜂原料来源的参与情况。为此，使用了东北森林草原的森林经营材料(人工林总面积为336110.3 ha)。主要种类是天麻、刺槐，它们能够提供主要的生产性蜂蜜收获，除了它们之外，人工林中还有其他重要的物种(栎、黄曲霉、白桦、高原槭、白杨等)，它们可以作为支持蜂蜜收获的来源。研究区38种林型中，鲜栎木占主导地位(183442.0 ha, 54.58%)，鲜栎木占主导地位(47040.9 ha, 14.00%)，鲜栎木占主导地位(33999.3 ha, 10.12%)，干栎木占主导地位(28697.7 ha, 8.54%)。这些类型的森林拥有最丰富的养蜂原料植物。因此，在60种乔灌木的成林树种组成中，以原始植物栎(190153.9 ha, 56.58%)和黄曲柳(20318.5 ha, 6.05%)为主。此外，需要注意的是，在上述森林类群中，作为宝贵的花蜜和花粉来源的其他木本、灌木和草本植物物种也发挥着重要作用，这并没有考虑到该领土野外防护林带的植物多样性。因此，本研究区人工林具有季节性维护和就地采集蜜蜂主要原料的特点，可作为养蜂的良田。
{"title":"Peculiarities of distribution of nectaronous and pollinating plants in forest plantations of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"I. Tymochko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252953","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial and natural forest plantations, in addition to important functions for the preservation of the environment, are essential as objects for obtaining certain types of raw materials from plants common in their composition. The participation of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing plants in forest groups from the main list of tree and shrub species as sources of raw materials for apiculture was analyzed. For this purpose, forest management materials of the NorthEastern Forest-Steppe were used (the total area of forest plantations is 336110.3 ha). The main species are Tilia cordata, Robinia pseudoacacia, which are able to provide the main productive honey harvest, in addition to them in the plantations there is a significant group of other species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula, Acer platanoides, Populus tremula, etc.), which can be sources of supporting honey harvest. Of the 38 forest types identified in the study area, fresh maple-linden oak wood predominates (183442.0 ha, 54.58%), slightly smaller areas are occupied by fresh oak-pine subir (47040.9 ha, 14.00%) and linden-oak-pine sugrud (33999.3 ha, 10.12%), as well as dry maple-linden oak wood (28697.7 ha, 8.54%), which together make up more than 85% of the forested area. These types of forests are the richest in raw plants for apiculture. Thus, of the species composition of forest-forming species, which includes 60 species of trees and shrubs, the main species are Quercus robur (190153.9 ha, 56.58%) and Fraxinus excelsior (20318.5 ha, 6.05%), which these are raw plants. In addition, it should be noted that other woody, shrubby and herbaceous plant species, which are a valuable source of nectar and pollen, also play a significant role in the above forest groups, which do not take into account the phytodiversity of field protective forest belts of this territory. Thus, the studied forest plantations of this area can be considered as promising lands for apiculture, which have a seasonal maintenance and local main raw material collection for bees.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77241836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252972
O. Yaremko
The article presents generalized results of research on sustainable development of the forest sector. Approaches to the formation of the main priority measures in the management of the regional forest complex are substantiated. The key components of forestry complex management are analyzed. The main components of economic, environmental and social cooperation in the forest industry are considered. Priority measures for the development of the forest complex of the region to ensure balanced development are proposed. It is determined that the key stages to effective transformations in the forest sector should be coordination and cooperation between state and local forest authorities, the prospect of investment, greening of forestry production, preservation and restoration of forest plantations and unification of local communities. It is proved that in the formation of the strategy we should take into account the scale of activities, available resources, demand for their products, capacity and market segment, consumers and more. The implementation of the strategy should lead to the solution of economic, social, environmental aspects related to the development of sustainable development of the forest sector. The basis for the development of strategies is the need to move regional forest use from the actual starting point to the target. That is, it is related to the application of strategic analysis in order to determine the situation, such as: the current state of the forest sector in the general socio-ecological and economic space of the country or individual territory; external factors of space, on which the realization of the potential of forestry of the state or a certain territory depends; priority areas of balanced development of the country and the forest complex in particular. It has been determined that for effective actions of balanced development of the forest sector we need state stimulation of economic activity in the woodworking industry with added value; introduction of a new system of organization of forest protection and protection, prevention of illegal felling and circulation of illegally harvested timber; increase in carbon uptake and retention; adaptation of forests to climate change and the transition to naturefriendly methods of forestry with the formation of forests of natural composition and structure.
{"title":"Strategic priorities of balanced development of the forest sector of Podilsk economic region","authors":"O. Yaremko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252972","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents generalized results of research on sustainable development of the forest sector. Approaches to the formation of the main priority measures in the management of the regional forest complex are substantiated. The key components of forestry complex management are analyzed. The main components of economic, environmental and social cooperation in the forest industry are considered. Priority measures for the development of the forest complex of the region to ensure balanced development are proposed. It is determined that the key stages to effective transformations in the forest sector should be coordination and cooperation between state and local forest authorities, the prospect of investment, greening of forestry production, preservation and restoration of forest plantations and unification of local communities. It is proved that in the formation of the strategy we should take into account the scale of activities, available resources, demand for their products, capacity and market segment, consumers and more. The implementation of the strategy should lead to the solution of economic, social, environmental aspects related to the development of sustainable development of the forest sector. The basis for the development of strategies is the need to move regional forest use from the actual starting point to the target. That is, it is related to the application of strategic analysis in order to determine the situation, such as: the current state of the forest sector in the general socio-ecological and economic space of the country or individual territory; external factors of space, on which the realization of the potential of forestry of the state or a certain territory depends; priority areas of balanced development of the country and the forest complex in particular. It has been determined that for effective actions of balanced development of the forest sector we need state stimulation of economic activity in the woodworking industry with added value; introduction of a new system of organization of forest protection and protection, prevention of illegal felling and circulation of illegally harvested timber; increase in carbon uptake and retention; adaptation of forests to climate change and the transition to naturefriendly methods of forestry with the formation of forests of natural composition and structure.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78174407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252959
V. Tsvigun, N. Sus, S. Mazur, О. Melnychuk, A. Boyko
The purpose of the work was to analyze the present distribution of viruses that infect tomatoes and to identify the species composition of the tomato viruses under field conditions in Ukraine, as well as to test commercial seeds of various tomato varieties for the presence of viral contamination. In this work, a range of methods, which included visual diagnostics, various modifications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy method and the method of statistical data processing were used. A number of symptoms of viral etiology were detected by visual diagnostics. Symptoms of viral etiology on plants were displayed as necrosis, chlorosis, yellow-green mosaic, dark green vein mosaic, and on fruits as ring-shaped spots, various fruit deformations. The morphological properties of the studied viruses were researched by electron microscopy. As a result, two types of virions were detected. The first type of virions was spherical, with a mean diameter of 29 nm. According to the literature, such shape and diameter of the virions are characteristic of the Cucumovirus genus members, in particular the cucumber mosaic virus. The second type of virions was rod-shaped, with a mean length of 300 nm and a mean diameter of 15 nm. According to other researchers, such morphological features are characteristic of the tobacco mosaic virus. The results of five-year monitoring of agrocenoses of Ukraine found that recently in a tomato crop circulates 5 species of viruses, namely tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, and tomato mosaic virus. We also tested the seeds of 25 varieties of tomatoes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of viral contamination. The tests revealed that 37% of tested tomato seeds were contaminated with viral antigens. Viral antigens found in tested tomato seeds were antigens of three species of viruses, namely tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus. In general, the tomato seeds were contaminated with mono-infections, except for mixed infection of cucumber mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus that was detected once.
{"title":"Distribution and biological features of tomato viral diseases in the agrocenoses of Ukraine","authors":"V. Tsvigun, N. Sus, S. Mazur, О. Melnychuk, A. Boyko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252959","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to analyze the present distribution of viruses that infect tomatoes and to identify the species composition of the tomato viruses under field conditions in Ukraine, as well as to test commercial seeds of various tomato varieties for the presence of viral contamination. In this work, a range of methods, which included visual diagnostics, various modifications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy method and the method of statistical data processing were used. A number of symptoms of viral etiology were detected by visual diagnostics. Symptoms of viral etiology on plants were displayed as necrosis, chlorosis, yellow-green mosaic, dark green vein mosaic, and on fruits as ring-shaped spots, various fruit deformations. The morphological properties of the studied viruses were researched by electron microscopy. As a result, two types of virions were detected. The first type of virions was spherical, with a mean diameter of 29 nm. According to the literature, such shape and diameter of the virions are characteristic of the Cucumovirus genus members, in particular the cucumber mosaic virus. The second type of virions was rod-shaped, with a mean length of 300 nm and a mean diameter of 15 nm. According to other researchers, such morphological features are characteristic of the tobacco mosaic virus. The results of five-year monitoring of agrocenoses of Ukraine found that recently in a tomato crop circulates 5 species of viruses, namely tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, and tomato mosaic virus. We also tested the seeds of 25 varieties of tomatoes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of viral contamination. The tests revealed that 37% of tested tomato seeds were contaminated with viral antigens. Viral antigens found in tested tomato seeds were antigens of three species of viruses, namely tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus. In general, the tomato seeds were contaminated with mono-infections, except for mixed infection of cucumber mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus that was detected once.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81812088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252957
V. Fedorenko, S. Mostoviak, I. Mostoviak
The issue of agricultural crop protection against pests remains constantly relevant. Annual crop losses in the world are 18–20%, estimated at more than 470 billion US dollars because of the harmful effects of arthropods. Most part of the losses of the grown crop occurs under the field conditions before harvest and requires a number of measures to protect plants from pests. The chemical method of plant protection against pests continues to be used by most agricultural producers, which is confirmed by the positive dynamics of the pesticide market development in the world with an annual growth of 2.5–3%. Among the range of chemical plant protection products, sales of insecticides account for 25.3% of world sales. Despite the use of about 3 million tons of pesticides per year, the level of crop losses from harmful entomofauna remains significant. At the same time, deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of agroecosystems caused by a number of abiotic and biotic factors requires a qualitative estimation of the condition and determination of ways of complexes changing of pest organisms in agrobiocenoses and development of new innovative, environmentally safe measures to control their number. Alternative environmentally friendly methods of pest control which meets the principles of integrated plant protection and replacement of chemical insecticides with biological preparations or other environmentally safe methods in modern agrotechnologies for growing crops are increasingly used. This is evidenced by the positive dynamics in the development of the global market for biopesticides with a forecast of annual growth by 14.7%, which may reach $ 8.5 billion US dollars by 2025. 47% of preparations in the range of biopesticides by functional purpose on the world market are preparations against phytophagous insects. Effective control over the pest number in modern agrotechnologies is based on the use of biological control, microbial pesticides, chemical compounds produced by living organisms and can change pest behaviour, secondary metabolites of plants (eg, phenols and polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids), on formation of stable plant varieties and plant immunization, etc.
{"title":"Ecologically safe methods of pest control in modern agricultural technologies","authors":"V. Fedorenko, S. Mostoviak, I. Mostoviak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252957","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of agricultural crop protection against pests remains constantly relevant. Annual crop losses in the world are 18–20%, estimated at more than 470 billion US dollars because of the harmful effects of arthropods. Most part of the losses of the grown crop occurs under the field conditions before harvest and requires a number of measures to protect plants from pests. The chemical method of plant protection against pests continues to be used by most agricultural producers, which is confirmed by the positive dynamics of the pesticide market development in the world with an annual growth of 2.5–3%. Among the range of chemical plant protection products, sales of insecticides account for 25.3% of world sales. Despite the use of about 3 million tons of pesticides per year, the level of crop losses from harmful entomofauna remains significant. At the same time, deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of agroecosystems caused by a number of abiotic and biotic factors requires a qualitative estimation of the condition and determination of ways of complexes changing of pest organisms in agrobiocenoses and development of new innovative, environmentally safe measures to control their number. Alternative environmentally friendly methods of pest control which meets the principles of integrated plant protection and replacement of chemical insecticides with biological preparations or other environmentally safe methods in modern agrotechnologies for growing crops are increasingly used. This is evidenced by the positive dynamics in the development of the global market for biopesticides with a forecast of annual growth by 14.7%, which may reach $ 8.5 billion US dollars by 2025. 47% of preparations in the range of biopesticides by functional purpose on the world market are preparations against phytophagous insects. Effective control over the pest number in modern agrotechnologies is based on the use of biological control, microbial pesticides, chemical compounds produced by living organisms and can change pest behaviour, secondary metabolites of plants (eg, phenols and polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids), on formation of stable plant varieties and plant immunization, etc.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80496638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252966
A. Pavlichenko
Phosphorus is extremely important in agriculture. This is due to the fact that without its participation in the plant body does not undergo any biochemical reaction, because it is part of the ATP molecule, which provides energy. It is an essential element of nucleic acids, phospholipids and the others is actively involved in the regulation of enzymatic reactions. It is part of human, animal, plant and bacterial cells. The research was conducted on the basis of a stationary experiment conducted in 1992 on gray forest coarsegrained light loam soil, studied the effect of long-term chemical reclamation and various fertilization systems (mineral, organic, organic-mineral) on the transformation of Optimal phosphorus nutrition promotes the development of the root system, which improves the supply of plants with moisture and nutrients, increases the share of marketable products in the organic crop, increases the starch content in potatoes, sugar in roots, vegetables and fruits, oilseeds, oilseeds the output of a long fiber, its strength increases. That is why the management of phosphorus nutrition of plants is one of the key issues. Changes in various forms of phosphorus (gross, mobile, water-soluble) under the influence of the above factors are analyzed. For a more objective assessment of these factors on the phosphate regime of the soil on the variant results of the analysis were compared not only with absolute control, but also tied to baseline (age of fallow 28 years), located next to the experimental field. It was found that the content of gross phosphorus, which characterizes the genetic characteristics of the soil, depends almost entirely on the total humus reserves and clearly repeats the parameters of the profile accumulation of carbon, taking into account the depth and thickness of humus horizons. The particle size distribution is of great importance in the processes of gross phosphorus accumulation, as defects are quite easily adsorbed on the surface of soil structures. Evaluation of the results of the analysis shows a large gap in the gross forms of phosphorus and low concentration of its mobile forms, the content of which is 4.7% of the total. According to our data, water-soluble salts of phosphoric acid in gray forest soil are generally found in very small quantities (0.62 mg / kg in the horizon NOT with a gradual decline down the profile), which often becomes a limiting factor in phosphorus nutrition of crops. Lime, by reducing the activity of one and a half oxides, weakens the adsorption bonds of phosphorus and increases the relative amounts of calcium phosphates. The application of mineral fertilizers replenished the pool of gross phosphorus (by 0.08% of the control dock), but mobile forms of phosphorus (according to Kirsanov) increased by only 23 mg/kg, which was second only to liming. In general, the effect of liming significantly increases the use of soil phosphates and fertilizers.
{"title":"Influence of different fertilization and chemical recruitment systems on the phosphorus regime of gray forest soil","authors":"A. Pavlichenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252966","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is extremely important in agriculture. This is due to the fact that without its participation in the plant body does not undergo any biochemical reaction, because it is part of the ATP molecule, which provides energy. It is an essential element of nucleic acids, phospholipids and the others is actively involved in the regulation of enzymatic reactions. It is part of human, animal, plant and bacterial cells. The research was conducted on the basis of a stationary experiment conducted in 1992 on gray forest coarsegrained light loam soil, studied the effect of long-term chemical reclamation and various fertilization systems (mineral, organic, organic-mineral) on the transformation of Optimal phosphorus nutrition promotes the development of the root system, which improves the supply of plants with moisture and nutrients, increases the share of marketable products in the organic crop, increases the starch content in potatoes, sugar in roots, vegetables and fruits, oilseeds, oilseeds the output of a long fiber, its strength increases. That is why the management of phosphorus nutrition of plants is one of the key issues. Changes in various forms of phosphorus (gross, mobile, water-soluble) under the influence of the above factors are analyzed. For a more objective assessment of these factors on the phosphate regime of the soil on the variant results of the analysis were compared not only with absolute control, but also tied to baseline (age of fallow 28 years), located next to the experimental field. It was found that the content of gross phosphorus, which characterizes the genetic characteristics of the soil, depends almost entirely on the total humus reserves and clearly repeats the parameters of the profile accumulation of carbon, taking into account the depth and thickness of humus horizons. The particle size distribution is of great importance in the processes of gross phosphorus accumulation, as defects are quite easily adsorbed on the surface of soil structures. Evaluation of the results of the analysis shows a large gap in the gross forms of phosphorus and low concentration of its mobile forms, the content of which is 4.7% of the total. According to our data, water-soluble salts of phosphoric acid in gray forest soil are generally found in very small quantities (0.62 mg / kg in the horizon NOT with a gradual decline down the profile), which often becomes a limiting factor in phosphorus nutrition of crops. Lime, by reducing the activity of one and a half oxides, weakens the adsorption bonds of phosphorus and increases the relative amounts of calcium phosphates. The application of mineral fertilizers replenished the pool of gross phosphorus (by 0.08% of the control dock), but mobile forms of phosphorus (according to Kirsanov) increased by only 23 mg/kg, which was second only to liming. In general, the effect of liming significantly increases the use of soil phosphates and fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78621332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252965
A. Koval
In the article the perspectives of berry growing in Ukraine are described. The most common berry crops, which provide the fastest payback from investment in them, are compared. The figures of production cost grown berry crops in regions together with the rate of profitability and production expenses on 1 hundredweight have been estimated. The economicstatistical analysis of The State Statistics Service has been extendedly done. In Ukraine as a whole, total costs are growing annually within 6%, that is, production costs have constantly increased. Direct material costs (seeds and planting materials, mineral fertilizers, fuel and lubricants, etc. costs) were the lowest in 2018, compared to 2017 — by 8% and since 2019 — by 12%. Labor costs at enterprises specializing in the cultivation of berry crops increased by 2–11% annually. Other direct expenses and general production expenses (deductions for social events, depreciation, payment for third– party services, other direct and general production expenses) increased by 3–16% annually, respectively. The highest production cost is in Vinnytsia region enterprises, while the lowest is in Poltava region. Expenses of agricultural enterprises on 1 hundredweight of berry crops were the highest in Rivne region and the lowest in Volyn and Sumy regions in 2019. The rate of profitability of berry growing was the highest in all agricultural enterprises in Mykolaiv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, whereas the lowest, thus, unprofitable in Kirovograd, Odesa and Poltava regions in 2019; as for farming enterprises it was the highest in Odesa and Zhytomyr regions and the lowest in Sumy and Kyiv regions. The cost of berry crops is conversely linked to the rate of profitability.
{"title":"Economic figures of agricultural enterprises expenses on berry growing","authors":"A. Koval","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252965","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the perspectives of berry growing in Ukraine are described. The most common berry crops, which provide the fastest payback from investment in them, are compared. The figures of production cost grown berry crops in regions together with the rate of profitability and production expenses on 1 hundredweight have been estimated. The economicstatistical analysis of The State Statistics Service has been extendedly done. In Ukraine as a whole, total costs are growing annually within 6%, that is, production costs have constantly increased. Direct material costs (seeds and planting materials, mineral fertilizers, fuel and lubricants, etc. costs) were the lowest in 2018, compared to 2017 — by 8% and since 2019 — by 12%. Labor costs at enterprises specializing in the cultivation of berry crops increased by 2–11% annually. Other direct expenses and general production expenses (deductions for social events, depreciation, payment for third– party services, other direct and general production expenses) increased by 3–16% annually, respectively. The highest production cost is in Vinnytsia region enterprises, while the lowest is in Poltava region. Expenses of agricultural enterprises on 1 hundredweight of berry crops were the highest in Rivne region and the lowest in Volyn and Sumy regions in 2019. The rate of profitability of berry growing was the highest in all agricultural enterprises in Mykolaiv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, whereas the lowest, thus, unprofitable in Kirovograd, Odesa and Poltava regions in 2019; as for farming enterprises it was the highest in Odesa and Zhytomyr regions and the lowest in Sumy and Kyiv regions. The cost of berry crops is conversely linked to the rate of profitability.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75139061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252954
O. Khodyn, O. Chornobrov
The volume of coarse woody detritus in the 139year-old hornbeam-oak forest stand of natural origin on the territory of the «Medobory» Nature Reserve have been studied. The study of dead wood was carried out on a sample plot (0.24 ha) by the method of continuous accounting. It was found that the volume of woody detritus in the forest ecosystem is 108.8 m3∙ha–1 and consists of fallen (32.1%) and standing (67.9%) deadwood. The main part of the dead wood volume is formed by two tree species — common oak (Quercus robur L.) (49.1%) and wychelm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) (48.4%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–V classes of decomposition, while detritus of decomposition stage II prevails (40.9%), shares of other stages are slightly smaller: I (27.8%), III (18.6%) and IV (11. 1%). The share of detritus of the last (V) decomposition stage is insignificant (1.6%). The volume of standing dead wood is 73.9 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole and broken dead trees. In terms of tree species composition, common oak has a significant advantage (65.4%), wychelm has a much smaller share (33.7%), and the share of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden is insignificant (Tilia cordata Mill) (less than 1.0%). In the total standing dead wood volume, wood of decomposition stage IIsignificantly predominates (43.6 m3∙ha–1, 59.0%), compared with stage I (30.3 m3∙ha–1, 41.0%). Volume of fallen dead wood is 35.0 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of felled trees (trunks) and rough branches. In terms of species composition, woody detritus of which elm predominates (27.8 m3∙ha–1, 79.7%), much less common oak wood (5.1 m3∙ha–1, 14.6%) and common hornbeam (2.0 m∙ha–1, 5.7%). Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (II–V). In terms of volume, decomposition stage III has an absolute advantage (20.2 m3∙ha–1, 57.9%), detritus of stage II is much less (12.1 m3∙ha–1, 34.7%), and the shares of other stages are insignificant. The predominance of standing dead wood in the total dead wood volume, as well as the dominance of detritus of I and II decomposition stages due to the relatively short period of strict regime of nature conservation, during which the forest ecosystem developed without human intervention, and the impact of forestry activities (selective sanitary cuttings and fallen dead wood removal) in the past.
{"title":"Ecological assessment of dead woodvolume in hornbeam-oak forest in «Medobory» Nature Reserve","authors":"O. Khodyn, O. Chornobrov","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252954","url":null,"abstract":"The volume of coarse woody detritus in the 139year-old hornbeam-oak forest stand of natural origin on the territory of the «Medobory» Nature Reserve have been studied. The study of dead wood was carried out on a sample plot (0.24 ha) by the method of continuous accounting. It was found that the volume of woody detritus in the forest ecosystem is 108.8 m3∙ha–1 and consists of fallen (32.1%) and standing (67.9%) deadwood. The main part of the dead wood volume is formed by two tree species — common oak (Quercus robur L.) (49.1%) and wychelm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) (48.4%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–V classes of decomposition, while detritus of decomposition stage II prevails (40.9%), shares of other stages are slightly smaller: I (27.8%), III (18.6%) and IV (11. 1%). The share of detritus of the last (V) decomposition stage is insignificant (1.6%). The volume of standing dead wood is 73.9 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole and broken dead trees. In terms of tree species composition, common oak has a significant advantage (65.4%), wychelm has a much smaller share (33.7%), and the share of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden is insignificant (Tilia cordata Mill) (less than 1.0%). In the total standing dead wood volume, wood of decomposition stage IIsignificantly predominates (43.6 m3∙ha–1, 59.0%), compared with stage I (30.3 m3∙ha–1, 41.0%). Volume of fallen dead wood is 35.0 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of felled trees (trunks) and rough branches. In terms of species composition, woody detritus of which elm predominates (27.8 m3∙ha–1, 79.7%), much less common oak wood (5.1 m3∙ha–1, 14.6%) and common hornbeam (2.0 m∙ha–1, 5.7%). Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (II–V). In terms of volume, decomposition stage III has an absolute advantage (20.2 m3∙ha–1, 57.9%), detritus of stage II is much less (12.1 m3∙ha–1, 34.7%), and the shares of other stages are insignificant. The predominance of standing dead wood in the total dead wood volume, as well as the dominance of detritus of I and II decomposition stages due to the relatively short period of strict regime of nature conservation, during which the forest ecosystem developed without human intervention, and the impact of forestry activities (selective sanitary cuttings and fallen dead wood removal) in the past.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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