Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263320
А. Lishchuk, А. Parfeniuk, І. Horodyska, V. Boroday, М. Draga
The article considers the existing approaches to the management of environmental risks in agricultural production. It is noted that in order to minimize environmental risks in agrocenoses and improve environmental safety in agroecosystems, it is necessary to assess the consequences of the impact of agricultural activities on agrocenoses. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to summarize the main environmental risks in agrocenoses and determine levers of environmental risks managent to minimize their negative impact in agricultural production and improve the safety of agroecosystems. It is shown that in order to control the consequences of environmental risks, it is important to develop an algorithm for the process of managing environmental risks in agrocenoses throughout the crop cycle. The fundamental principles of this process include studying the main factors of environmental risks for growing crops and developing a list of environmental risks in agrocenoses; identification of the main levers of environmental risk management in agrocenoses, which include recommendations for the use of optimal measures in agricultural production to prevent or minimize environmental risks. The list of main environmental risks in agrocenoses is proposed, which summarizes the sources of their occurrence and the consequences for agrocenosis. The main environmental risks in agrocenoses include climate change, soil degradation, anthropogenic soil pollution, changing of the optimal ratio of land used in agriculture, unsatisfactory phytosanitary condition of crops. The main levers of environmental risk management in agrocenoses are identified and priority measures are given to prevent the negative consequences of the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on agrocenoses. It is noted that the development of new methodological approaches to the management of environmental risks will minimize their impact on agrocenoses and improve the safety of agroecosystems.
{"title":"Main levers of environmental risk management in agrocenoses","authors":"А. Lishchuk, А. Parfeniuk, І. Horodyska, V. Boroday, М. Draga","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263320","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the existing approaches to the management of environmental risks in agricultural production. It is noted that in order to minimize environmental risks in agrocenoses and improve environmental safety in agroecosystems, it is necessary to assess the consequences of the impact of agricultural activities on agrocenoses. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to summarize the main environmental risks in agrocenoses and determine levers of environmental risks managent to minimize their negative impact in agricultural production and improve the safety of agroecosystems. It is shown that in order to control the consequences of environmental risks, it is important to develop an algorithm for the process of managing environmental risks in agrocenoses throughout the crop cycle. The fundamental principles of this process include studying the main factors of environmental risks for growing crops and developing a list of environmental risks in agrocenoses; identification of the main levers of environmental risk management in agrocenoses, which include recommendations for the use of optimal measures in agricultural production to prevent or minimize environmental risks. The list of main environmental risks in agrocenoses is proposed, which summarizes the sources of their occurrence and the consequences for agrocenosis. The main environmental risks in agrocenoses include climate change, soil degradation, anthropogenic soil pollution, changing of the optimal ratio of land used in agriculture, unsatisfactory phytosanitary condition of crops. The main levers of environmental risk management in agrocenoses are identified and priority measures are given to prevent the negative consequences of the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on agrocenoses. It is noted that the development of new methodological approaches to the management of environmental risks will minimize their impact on agrocenoses and improve the safety of agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78262120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263330
E. Kulidzhanov, V. Golubchenko, S. Viliayeva, T. Hrytsai
The possible danger of fertilizers used in agriculture as a source of heavy metals (HM) soil pollution, is analyzed in the article. The absence of any control/ monitoring system in Ukraine makes this danger possible. The literature analysis testifies that dangerous and very dangerous HM contain level in Ukrainian soils is determined at the area of 1,606 thousand hectares. Except the elements being detected and determined in agrochemical pasportisation program. the fertilizers or raw minerals nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), bromine (Br). chrome (Cr). Amongst these elements, only arsenic is being testified in the agricultural production (grain, fruits and berries, vegetables, forage; the rest is out of control. Complex fertilizers, besides, may contain fluorine (F) and strontium (Sr), at least non-radioactive. Certain amount of toxic metals is being absorbed by soil colloids, but thus their stepby-step release, and respectively presence in soils is enabled. Toxic elements contain in fertilizers depends, first of all on their production technology, as well as raw origin. Raw materials being sanctioned today, and originated from Russia, are most clear amongst those from other regions (North Africa). Industry and transport are also well-known as the environment pollution source, and this source cannot be controlled by agricultural growers. But it is possible to provide control of pollutants reaching soil seems to be quite real; where the organizational efforts are needed. In Ukraine the legislative basis which specifies the obligate control of the fertilizers pollution level, the register and content level of pollutants is absent. Also, the radiology level control is also actual. It is necessary, first of all, to solve the legislation basis problem, then the technical realization should be. The «Soil Protection Institute of the Ukraine» is competent enough with staff and equipment, to enable the staterun control under the HM level content in fertilizers, and at least sampling radiology control. The same concerns the raw minerals used in fertilizers production, so as it could help the fertilizers manufacturer to avoid possible problems in future.
{"title":"The need for monitoring mineral fertilizers for the content of pollutants","authors":"E. Kulidzhanov, V. Golubchenko, S. Viliayeva, T. Hrytsai","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263330","url":null,"abstract":"The possible danger of fertilizers used in agriculture as a source of heavy metals (HM) soil pollution, is analyzed in the article. The absence of any control/ monitoring system in Ukraine makes this danger possible. The literature analysis testifies that dangerous and very dangerous HM contain level in Ukrainian soils is determined at the area of 1,606 thousand hectares. Except the elements being detected and determined in agrochemical pasportisation program. the fertilizers or raw minerals nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), bromine (Br). chrome (Cr). Amongst these elements, only arsenic is being testified in the agricultural production (grain, fruits and berries, vegetables, forage; the rest is out of control. Complex fertilizers, besides, may contain fluorine (F) and strontium (Sr), at least non-radioactive. Certain amount of toxic metals is being absorbed by soil colloids, but thus their stepby-step release, and respectively presence in soils is enabled. Toxic elements contain in fertilizers depends, first of all on their production technology, as well as raw origin. Raw materials being sanctioned today, and originated from Russia, are most clear amongst those from other regions (North Africa). Industry and transport are also well-known as the environment pollution source, and this source cannot be controlled by agricultural growers. But it is possible to provide control of pollutants reaching soil seems to be quite real; where the organizational efforts are needed. In Ukraine the legislative basis which specifies the obligate control of the fertilizers pollution level, the register and content level of pollutants is absent. Also, the radiology level control is also actual. It is necessary, first of all, to solve the legislation basis problem, then the technical realization should be. The «Soil Protection Institute of the Ukraine» is competent enough with staff and equipment, to enable the staterun control under the HM level content in fertilizers, and at least sampling radiology control. The same concerns the raw minerals used in fertilizers production, so as it could help the fertilizers manufacturer to avoid possible problems in future.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81277934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263324
M. Gunchak
It was found that the rate of detoxification of pesticides depends on their physicochemical properties and correlates with the polarity of the compounds. According to the magnitude of dipole moments, the studied pesticides are divided into three groups: nonpolar with µ from 0 to 2 Debye (D), low-polar with µ from 2 to 6 Debye and polar with µ more than 6 Debye. Non-polar pesticides are practically insoluble in water and their decay period in the ecosystem is longer than that of low-polar and polar pesticides. Peculiarities, speed and dynamics of pesticide detoxification in the apple orchard ecosystem have been studied. It was found that non-polar pesticides decompose at a rate of 0.07–0.12±0.05 parts per day, and low-polar pesticides — at a rate of 0.15–0.22±0.05 parts per day. On the tenth day after spraying, 0.05 to 1.24 mg/kg of the studied pesticides were detected in apple fruits and from 0.15 to 4.41 mg/kg in apple leaves. The classification of pesticides according to the degree of danger was carried out and it was found that the studied drugs have a degree of danger from 3 to 6. Pesticides with 3 degrees of danger are more dangerous to humans and biota and require more detailed regulation, regulation and control. The seasonal load of pesticides (H) for the intensive chemical system was 29.5 kg/ha, for the advanced system — 10.5 kg/ha and for the system of biological and chemical protection — 0.45 kg/ha. The weighted average hazard (Q) in the intensive chemical protection system was 5.0, for the advanced system — 4.9, and for the biological and chemical protection system — 6.8. It was found that the agroecotoxicological index for all protection systems was less than 1, all protection systems are not very dangerous and do not lead to ecosystem pollution. For the intensive system of chemical protection, this figure ranged from 0.24 to 0.49, for the advanced — from 0.014 to 0.025, and for the system of biological and chemical protection — from 6·10–5 to 8·10–5.
{"title":"Agro-ecological risk of pesticides application for protecting apple plantations in the conditions of Pre-Carpathian Province of the Carpathian mountains in Ukraine","authors":"M. Gunchak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263324","url":null,"abstract":"It was found that the rate of detoxification of pesticides depends on their physicochemical properties and correlates with the polarity of the compounds. According to the magnitude of dipole moments, the studied pesticides are divided into three groups: nonpolar with µ from 0 to 2 Debye (D), low-polar with µ from 2 to 6 Debye and polar with µ more than 6 Debye. Non-polar pesticides are practically insoluble in water and their decay period in the ecosystem is longer than that of low-polar and polar pesticides. Peculiarities, speed and dynamics of pesticide detoxification in the apple orchard ecosystem have been studied. It was found that non-polar pesticides decompose at a rate of 0.07–0.12±0.05 parts per day, and low-polar pesticides — at a rate of 0.15–0.22±0.05 parts per day. On the tenth day after spraying, 0.05 to 1.24 mg/kg of the studied pesticides were detected in apple fruits and from 0.15 to 4.41 mg/kg in apple leaves. The classification of pesticides according to the degree of danger was carried out and it was found that the studied drugs have a degree of danger from 3 to 6. Pesticides with 3 degrees of danger are more dangerous to humans and biota and require more detailed regulation, regulation and control. The seasonal load of pesticides (H) for the intensive chemical system was 29.5 kg/ha, for the advanced system — 10.5 kg/ha and for the system of biological and chemical protection — 0.45 kg/ha. The weighted average hazard (Q) in the intensive chemical protection system was 5.0, for the advanced system — 4.9, and for the biological and chemical protection system — 6.8. It was found that the agroecotoxicological index for all protection systems was less than 1, all protection systems are not very dangerous and do not lead to ecosystem pollution. For the intensive system of chemical protection, this figure ranged from 0.24 to 0.49, for the advanced — from 0.014 to 0.025, and for the system of biological and chemical protection — from 6·10–5 to 8·10–5.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89639767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263328
O. Mudrak, D. Andrusiak
«Podilski Tovtry» is the largest national nature park in Ukraine, covering an area of 261,316 hectares, it stands out among all other parks for its dense population. There are 196 rural settlements, 4 villages and 1 city on the territory of the park. A significant number of them have direct contact with protected objects — botanical reserves, geological and botanical monuments of nature. Anthropogenic pressure is significant, human intervention in the functioning of natural ecosystems is active. This situation is aggravated by the influence of the pyrogenic factor. Fires that occur with constant periodicity can at any moment develop to catastrophic proportions for the diversity of the park’s ecosystems. Research shows that the ecological impact of fires in the national park is complex, and possible changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and microclimatic conditions do not provide good prospects for the preservation of flora and fauna, which leads to their loss. In addition, fires directly affect air quality due to the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere as a result of incomplete combustion of biomass. As a result of water and air migration, geological monuments of nature are further transferred to the nearby wetlands and hydroecosystems of the Dniester River, which contributes to their destruction. Based on the calculation of the integral risk, taking into account the weighting factors of the most unfavorable conditions and factors that determine the maximum risk, it was determined that the share of the anthropogenic factor is decisive (65%) in the occurrence of fires in the NNP «PodilskiTovtry». To the greatest extent, it depends on the presence of nearby rural settlements in the absence of a fire monitoring network and distance from fire stations. Taking into account the features of the terrain, the inaccessibility of certain areas of the park, fires can develop rapidly, covering large areas in minutes. On the basis of the conducted research, it is proposed to carry out calculations of the risks of fire occurrence and spread for each individual object of the nature reserve fund, which will become the information basis for the construction of electronic vector maps of the assessment and forecast of the fire hazard of the entire territory of the NNP «PodilskiTovtry».
{"title":"Influence of the pyrogenic factor on natural ecosystems of «Podilski Tovtry» National Nature Park","authors":"O. Mudrak, D. Andrusiak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263328","url":null,"abstract":"«Podilski Tovtry» is the largest national nature park in Ukraine, covering an area of 261,316 hectares, it stands out among all other parks for its dense population. There are 196 rural settlements, 4 villages and 1 city on the territory of the park. A significant number of them have direct contact with protected objects — botanical reserves, geological and botanical monuments of nature. Anthropogenic pressure is significant, human intervention in the functioning of natural ecosystems is active. This situation is aggravated by the influence of the pyrogenic factor. Fires that occur with constant periodicity can at any moment develop to catastrophic proportions for the diversity of the park’s ecosystems. Research shows that the ecological impact of fires in the national park is complex, and possible changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and microclimatic conditions do not provide good prospects for the preservation of flora and fauna, which leads to their loss. In addition, fires directly affect air quality due to the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere as a result of incomplete combustion of biomass. As a result of water and air migration, geological monuments of nature are further transferred to the nearby wetlands and hydroecosystems of the Dniester River, which contributes to their destruction. Based on the calculation of the integral risk, taking into account the weighting factors of the most unfavorable conditions and factors that determine the maximum risk, it was determined that the share of the anthropogenic factor is decisive (65%) in the occurrence of fires in the NNP «PodilskiTovtry». To the greatest extent, it depends on the presence of nearby rural settlements in the absence of a fire monitoring network and distance from fire stations. Taking into account the features of the terrain, the inaccessibility of certain areas of the park, fires can develop rapidly, covering large areas in minutes. On the basis of the conducted research, it is proposed to carry out calculations of the risks of fire occurrence and spread for each individual object of the nature reserve fund, which will become the information basis for the construction of electronic vector maps of the assessment and forecast of the fire hazard of the entire territory of the NNP «PodilskiTovtry».","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74354029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263313
O. Furdychko, O. Drebot, O. Yaremko, V. Bondar
The article summarizes the results of research on world experience in forming organizational and economic mechanism of forestry production on the basis of a market economy. It is analyzed that the production of roundwood and harvesting capacity is growing, especially in the Carpathian region and Polissya. The turnover of round timber production requires enhanced control and monitoring. The largest exporters of wood are private companies in Ukraine, but the dynamics shows a sharp decline in the supply of Ukrainian wood in recent years. This is due to the strengthening of European requirements and the need to increase the area of certified forests. Examining the dynamics of forest certification, it can be argued that Ukraine is a leader in terms of increasing the number of supply chain certificates. The advantages and disadvantages of forest certification are identified, which indicate the implementation of the principles of balanced development, increasing economic efficiency and lack of public funding and accredited institutions. Based on the experience of European countries, the forms of ownership and forestry of the EU countries, as well as indicators of wood stocks were analyzed. The world market is now gradually increasing the demand for timber. It is determined that the main market leaders reduce the demand every year, so to solve the problem of selling their own wood, it is necessary to introduce a plan of domestic efficient sales. It is proved that the main problems hindering the development of new directions of forestry production and forest industry in general are low interconnection of forestry and wood processing industry; low technological level; weak innovation activity; low efficiency of forest resources use. As the experience of the world shows, overcoming the problems of development and increasing forestry production is possible through the creation of production clusters. The development provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of orestry enterprises through investment, innovation, supply and marketing, and information exchange.
{"title":"World experience of forming organizational and economic mechanism by forestry management on the basis of market economy","authors":"O. Furdychko, O. Drebot, O. Yaremko, V. Bondar","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263313","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the results of research on world experience in forming organizational and economic mechanism of forestry production on the basis of a market economy. It is analyzed that the production of roundwood and harvesting capacity is growing, especially in the Carpathian region and Polissya. The turnover of round timber production requires enhanced control and monitoring. The largest exporters of wood are private companies in Ukraine, but the dynamics shows a sharp decline in the supply of Ukrainian wood in recent years. This is due to the strengthening of European requirements and the need to increase the area of certified forests. Examining the dynamics of forest certification, it can be argued that Ukraine is a leader in terms of increasing the number of supply chain certificates. The advantages and disadvantages of forest certification are identified, which indicate the implementation of the principles of balanced development, increasing economic efficiency and lack of public funding and accredited institutions. Based on the experience of European countries, the forms of ownership and forestry of the EU countries, as well as indicators of wood stocks were analyzed. The world market is now gradually increasing the demand for timber. It is determined that the main market leaders reduce the demand every year, so to solve the problem of selling their own wood, it is necessary to introduce a plan of domestic efficient sales. It is proved that the main problems hindering the development of new directions of forestry production and forest industry in general are low interconnection of forestry and wood processing industry; low technological level; weak innovation activity; low efficiency of forest resources use. As the experience of the world shows, overcoming the problems of development and increasing forestry production is possible through the creation of production clusters. The development provides an opportunity to increase the efficiency of orestry enterprises through investment, innovation, supply and marketing, and information exchange.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82152127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263329
N. Dmitrievtseva, O. Veremchuk, S. Pilipaka, O. Hryshchenko
The dynamics of changes in the humus state of the soils of Zdolbuniv district during the V–XI rounds of agrochemical survey were analyzed. The state of biologization of agriculture, in particular the plowing of siderates, the introduction of straw and manure and the use of peat over the last 8 years in the studied area, is highlighted. Mandatory biologization of agriculture, taking into account the biological features of each crop, in particular, plant needs for nutrients, indicators of potential and effective soil fertility, its physical and chemical properties, assortment and chemistry of fertilizers, climatic conditions in a zonal section — comprehensive implementation of these measures will contribute to a significant increase soil fertility of the district’s agricultural lands, in particular improving its humus condition. Since an important reason for the lack of accumulation of humus reserves in the studied soils is the unsatisfactory state of biologicalization of agriculture in the area. Conclusions and suggestions on improving the humus condition of the soils of the studied area have been prepared. It is established that according to the results of agrochemical studies of agricultural lands of Zdolbuniv district of Rivne region for the XI round of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the weighted average humus content is 2.6% and corresponds to the average content. It was found that the studied soils of the district are characterized by very low and low (less than 2.1%) — 0.86 thousand hectares (10.0%), medium (from 2.1 to 3.0%) — 6.14 thousand hectare (71.7%), elevated (from 3.1 to 4.0%) — 1.5 thousand hectare (17.5%), high and very high (> 4%) — 0.06 thousand hectare (0.7%) humus content. In terms of the main types of soils, the highest humus content in meadow soils, meadow and chernozem soils, chernozem and meadow soils with content of 3.3% and on chernozems typical and chernozems strongly degraded of different degrees of erosion with an average humus content of 2.8%. It should be noted that the dynamics of humus content in the soils of Zdolbuniv district of Rivne region for the last 10 years of research shows the process of its stabilization and increase from 2.2% in 2007 to 2.6% in 2017. Comparing only the area of land plots, which were surveyed in three rounds — 2007, 2012 and 2017, the humus content is 2.5; 2.5 and 2.6%, respectively, which confirms the stabilization of the humus content over the past ten years of agrochemical research. An important reason for the lack of accumulation of humus reserves in the studied soils is the unsatisfactory state of biologization of agriculture in the area.
{"title":"Characteristics of humus content on different soil types of Zdolbuniv district of Rivne Region","authors":"N. Dmitrievtseva, O. Veremchuk, S. Pilipaka, O. Hryshchenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263329","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of changes in the humus state of the soils of Zdolbuniv district during the V–XI rounds of agrochemical survey were analyzed. The state of biologization of agriculture, in particular the plowing of siderates, the introduction of straw and manure and the use of peat over the last 8 years in the studied area, is highlighted. Mandatory biologization of agriculture, taking into account the biological features of each crop, in particular, plant needs for nutrients, indicators of potential and effective soil fertility, its physical and chemical properties, assortment and chemistry of fertilizers, climatic conditions in a zonal section — comprehensive implementation of these measures will contribute to a significant increase soil fertility of the district’s agricultural lands, in particular improving its humus condition. Since an important reason for the lack of accumulation of humus reserves in the studied soils is the unsatisfactory state of biologicalization of agriculture in the area. Conclusions and suggestions on improving the humus condition of the soils of the studied area have been prepared. It is established that according to the results of agrochemical studies of agricultural lands of Zdolbuniv district of Rivne region for the XI round of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the weighted average humus content is 2.6% and corresponds to the average content. It was found that the studied soils of the district are characterized by very low and low (less than 2.1%) — 0.86 thousand hectares (10.0%), medium (from 2.1 to 3.0%) — 6.14 thousand hectare (71.7%), elevated (from 3.1 to 4.0%) — 1.5 thousand hectare (17.5%), high and very high (> 4%) — 0.06 thousand hectare (0.7%) humus content. In terms of the main types of soils, the highest humus content in meadow soils, meadow and chernozem soils, chernozem and meadow soils with content of 3.3% and on chernozems typical and chernozems strongly degraded of different degrees of erosion with an average humus content of 2.8%. It should be noted that the dynamics of humus content in the soils of Zdolbuniv district of Rivne region for the last 10 years of research shows the process of its stabilization and increase from 2.2% in 2007 to 2.6% in 2017. Comparing only the area of land plots, which were surveyed in three rounds — 2007, 2012 and 2017, the humus content is 2.5; 2.5 and 2.6%, respectively, which confirms the stabilization of the humus content over the past ten years of agrochemical research. An important reason for the lack of accumulation of humus reserves in the studied soils is the unsatisfactory state of biologization of agriculture in the area.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83265835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263312
O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, T. Kuchma, N. Adamchuk- Chala, O. Bilokin
The article presents the historical aspects of developing remote agroecological monitoring. It is shown that in the process of improving satellite sensors, opening access to foreign satellite data, the possibilities and effectiveness of using the results of remote sensing in scientific and environmental protection activities, in the production of safe agricultural products have expanded. The stages of forming scientific and technical program of satellite agro-ecological monitoring «Agrokosmos», the main fundamentals, tasks and results of this research direction are analyzed. The effectiveness of satellite information for determining the structure of agrolandscapes and land use systems, climate change, its impact on the condition of crops and their moisture supply, productivity of grain crops is shown. Methodical approaches to identifying and mapping manifestations of desertification processes, erosive degradation of agricultural land and associated negative trends are considered. It is noted that modern satellite information is an important tool not only for improving the agroecological monitoring system, but also for developing and implementing measures to achieve a neutral level of soil degradation, prevent the development of desertification processes, and adapt to climate change. It has been proven that the satellite agroecological monitoring system needs improvement in terms of more detailed classification of individual elements of agrolandscapes, as well as improvement of algorithms and image processing methods to expand the possibilities of timely using these data to provide management recommendations and prompt adjustment of agricultural technologies. The main directions of further development of the «Agrokosmos» program are presented. An important issue remains the strengthening of the coordination of research works with the scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences, the State Space Agency, the development of cooperation with foreign partners within the framework of international projects. The urgent task of improving the information potential of the use of Earth remote sensing data is the creation of a national network of sub-satellite terrestrial agricultural test sites. The effective use of satellite data in management, production and scientific activities in agriculture requires creating an interdepartmental informative and analytical center «Agrokosmos» within the framework of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food.
{"title":"Forming scientific-methodical principles of satellite agroecological monitoring in Ukraine","authors":"O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, T. Kuchma, N. Adamchuk- Chala, O. Bilokin","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263312","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the historical aspects of developing remote agroecological monitoring. It is shown that in the process of improving satellite sensors, opening access to foreign satellite data, the possibilities and effectiveness of using the results of remote sensing in scientific and environmental protection activities, in the production of safe agricultural products have expanded. The stages of forming scientific and technical program of satellite agro-ecological monitoring «Agrokosmos», the main fundamentals, tasks and results of this research direction are analyzed. The effectiveness of satellite information for determining the structure of agrolandscapes and land use systems, climate change, its impact on the condition of crops and their moisture supply, productivity of grain crops is shown. Methodical approaches to identifying and mapping manifestations of desertification processes, erosive degradation of agricultural land and associated negative trends are considered. It is noted that modern satellite information is an important tool not only for improving the agroecological monitoring system, but also for developing and implementing measures to achieve a neutral level of soil degradation, prevent the development of desertification processes, and adapt to climate change. It has been proven that the satellite agroecological monitoring system needs improvement in terms of more detailed classification of individual elements of agrolandscapes, as well as improvement of algorithms and image processing methods to expand the possibilities of timely using these data to provide management recommendations and prompt adjustment of agricultural technologies. The main directions of further development of the «Agrokosmos» program are presented. An important issue remains the strengthening of the coordination of research works with the scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences, the State Space Agency, the development of cooperation with foreign partners within the framework of international projects. The urgent task of improving the information potential of the use of Earth remote sensing data is the creation of a national network of sub-satellite terrestrial agricultural test sites. The effective use of satellite data in management, production and scientific activities in agriculture requires creating an interdepartmental informative and analytical center «Agrokosmos» within the framework of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263325
O. Krokhtiak, S. Olkhovych, O. Grynyk
Rural areas play an important role in the socioeconomic and environmental development of any state, as they focus on almost all agricultural activities, which are impossible without three components: economic, environmental and social. Therefore, our work is devoted to the development of economic relations in various industries (crop production, animal husbandry) in rural areas. An analysis of agricultural activity (crop production) in 2017–2020 by indicators: crop yield, sown area of crops and the number of agricultural products of own production sold by households. It is established that in 2020 the yield of agricultural crops decreased from 3.12% (sugar beet) to 9.31% (cereals and legumes), also decreased the sown area and the number of products sold. The analysis of agricultural activity (livestock) was conducted on the following indicators: the presence of farm animals, livestock products and sales of own products and showed a downward trend in 2020 compared to 2017. Thus, the presence of farm animals in 2020 decreased from 3.4% (cattle) to 20.04% of sheep), decreased the number of sold livestock products from 12.04% (eggs) to 20.04% (sheep); at the same time, the number of products increased. All this indicates that agricultural activity by industry in rural areas is gradually declining. In our opinion, the balanced development of agricultural activities in rural areas should be in harmony with environmental, social and economic components. It is also necessary to revive rural areas through the optimization of territorial organization.
{"title":"Balanced development of agricultural activity in rural areas of Ukraine","authors":"O. Krokhtiak, S. Olkhovych, O. Grynyk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263325","url":null,"abstract":"Rural areas play an important role in the socioeconomic and environmental development of any state, as they focus on almost all agricultural activities, which are impossible without three components: economic, environmental and social. Therefore, our work is devoted to the development of economic relations in various industries (crop production, animal husbandry) in rural areas. An analysis of agricultural activity (crop production) in 2017–2020 by indicators: crop yield, sown area of crops and the number of agricultural products of own production sold by households. It is established that in 2020 the yield of agricultural crops decreased from 3.12% (sugar beet) to 9.31% (cereals and legumes), also decreased the sown area and the number of products sold. The analysis of agricultural activity (livestock) was conducted on the following indicators: the presence of farm animals, livestock products and sales of own products and showed a downward trend in 2020 compared to 2017. Thus, the presence of farm animals in 2020 decreased from 3.4% (cattle) to 20.04% of sheep), decreased the number of sold livestock products from 12.04% (eggs) to 20.04% (sheep); at the same time, the number of products increased. All this indicates that agricultural activity by industry in rural areas is gradually declining. In our opinion, the balanced development of agricultural activities in rural areas should be in harmony with environmental, social and economic components. It is also necessary to revive rural areas through the optimization of territorial organization.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78551972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263314
N. Palapa, O. Demyanyuk, О. Nagorniuk
The problem of food security in Ukraine and in the world in general has become especially relevant due to the growing population on the planet, depletion of natural resources, declining soil productivity, climate change and military conflicts. The number of countries with existing food security problems has increased in recent years. Different views on food security, state of food security in Ukraine are analyzed and comparisons with the countries of Europe and the world are made. According to statistics, in 2020 the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet was only 7% higher than the threshold level of 2.500 kcal/day, but less than the minimum WHO physiological standard (3.000 kcal/day) while the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet in 1990 was 3597 kcal/day. In addition, the diet of the population of Ukraine remains unbalanced with a predominance of plant products. The most critical is the state of consumption of complete protein foods (meat, milk, fish) and vitamin products (fruits). Ukrainians consume even less than the minimum norm for fish and fish products, as well as fruit. The indicator of import dependence is calculated, according to which as of 2020 it was the highest for fish and fish products — 82%, which is 52% above the threshold level of 30%. The predominant share of imported supplies falls on fish species that are caught exclusively in the waters of maritime economic zones of other countries, while the consumption of fish and fish products by the population of Ukraine remains below the recommended dietary norms. It is established that due to domestic production more than 90% of our country meets the necessary consumer needs of the population for most foods. The analysis and comparative assessment of the structure of total consumer expenditures of households in 2016 and 2020, as well as comparisons with EU countries. According to the State Statistics Service, consumer spending of Ukrainian households is 91.4% of income. The largest share of their income (48.1%) Ukrainians spent on food, housing and utilities — 14.4%. In the EU, housing, utilities and fuel rank first in the structure of household consumption expenditures — 25.7% of total expenditures. Citizens of Slovakia and Finland spend the most on this item — 30.7% and 30.5% of all expenses, respectively. The lowest one is 15.5% in Lithuania. Europeans spent on food and non-alcoholic beverages on average 14.8% of the total consumer spending structure, second only to utilities.
{"title":"Food security in Ukraine: state and current issues of nowadays","authors":"N. Palapa, O. Demyanyuk, О. Nagorniuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263314","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of food security in Ukraine and in the world in general has become especially relevant due to the growing population on the planet, depletion of natural resources, declining soil productivity, climate change and military conflicts. The number of countries with existing food security problems has increased in recent years. Different views on food security, state of food security in Ukraine are analyzed and comparisons with the countries of Europe and the world are made. According to statistics, in 2020 the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet was only 7% higher than the threshold level of 2.500 kcal/day, but less than the minimum WHO physiological standard (3.000 kcal/day) while the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet in 1990 was 3597 kcal/day. In addition, the diet of the population of Ukraine remains unbalanced with a predominance of plant products. The most critical is the state of consumption of complete protein foods (meat, milk, fish) and vitamin products (fruits). Ukrainians consume even less than the minimum norm for fish and fish products, as well as fruit. The indicator of import dependence is calculated, according to which as of 2020 it was the highest for fish and fish products — 82%, which is 52% above the threshold level of 30%. The predominant share of imported supplies falls on fish species that are caught exclusively in the waters of maritime economic zones of other countries, while the consumption of fish and fish products by the population of Ukraine remains below the recommended dietary norms. It is established that due to domestic production more than 90% of our country meets the necessary consumer needs of the population for most foods. The analysis and comparative assessment of the structure of total consumer expenditures of households in 2016 and 2020, as well as comparisons with EU countries. According to the State Statistics Service, consumer spending of Ukrainian households is 91.4% of income. The largest share of their income (48.1%) Ukrainians spent on food, housing and utilities — 14.4%. In the EU, housing, utilities and fuel rank first in the structure of household consumption expenditures — 25.7% of total expenditures. Citizens of Slovakia and Finland spend the most on this item — 30.7% and 30.5% of all expenses, respectively. The lowest one is 15.5% in Lithuania. Europeans spent on food and non-alcoholic beverages on average 14.8% of the total consumer spending structure, second only to utilities.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90931346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263322
T. Yehorova, N. Kornilova, O. Mineralov
Aspects of ecological danger of microelements imbalance in the soil-plant system are stated. The supercritical supply of nutrients to crops can be accompanied by various emergencies and man-made disasters, including military, chemical and pyrogenic. The main signs of toxic effects of micronutrients excess on cereals are presented. There is a positive linear correlation between soil contamination and reduced grain yields. The purpose, tasks and basic conditions of vegetative laboratory experiment on cultivation of barley of Virazh variety on the substrate of soil mix «Green Line» are presented. The peculiarity of the research is to study the influence of monoelement supercritical concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mo in the conditions of root and foliar feeding in barley cultivation. 7 experimental vegetation schemes of soil-plant with the use of sub-root and foliar receipt were studied. Based on the results of a 57-day experiment, quantitative parameters of culture, leaf morphology and root system were determined. Peculiarities of plant development at supercritical levels of microelements receipt and their deviation from the conditions of control plants within significant biogeochemical excess of Zn, Cu, Mo in soils are described. The inflow of zinc on the soil surface inhibits the relative development of the root system by 1.2 times and increases the height of shoots and leaves. The inflow of zinc on the plant surface inhibits the development of the leaf apparatus of barley 1.4 times and promotes the development of the root system. The influx of copper on the soil surface slightly inhibits the relative development of the root system and the height of the shoots. The influx of copper on the surface of the plant slightly inhibits the development of the leaf apparatus and does not change the root system of barley. The inflow of molybdenum to the soil surface inhibits the relative development of the root system by 1.4 times, and the growth of stem and leaf apparatus by 1.1–1.2 times. The entry of molybdenum on the surface of barley crops is less harmful than in the soil. It has been established that the greatest danger for the root system of barley and the location of its sprouts is the supercritical supply of molybdenum, which increased the position of the sprouts by 4–5 times and reduced the development and length of the root system to 2 times. The greatest danger for the leaf plate of barley sprouts is the supercritical foliar inflow of zinc, which reduced the height of the sprouts by 1.2 times and the length of the leaf blade by 1.4 times. It is concluded that differences in cultures in need of Mo, Zn, Cu affect the peculiarities of their response to toxic concentrations of nutrients in the food system. It is proposed to apply estimates of levels of man-made contaminated areas with heavy metals and trace elements in the preparation of areas for agricultural activities in modern anthropogenic conditions.
{"title":". Influence of critical excess of microelements on development of barley culture (Hordeum)","authors":"T. Yehorova, N. Kornilova, O. Mineralov","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263322","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of ecological danger of microelements imbalance in the soil-plant system are stated. The supercritical supply of nutrients to crops can be accompanied by various emergencies and man-made disasters, including military, chemical and pyrogenic. The main signs of toxic effects of micronutrients excess on cereals are presented. There is a positive linear correlation between soil contamination and reduced grain yields. The purpose, tasks and basic conditions of vegetative laboratory experiment on cultivation of barley of Virazh variety on the substrate of soil mix «Green Line» are presented. The peculiarity of the research is to study the influence of monoelement supercritical concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mo in the conditions of root and foliar feeding in barley cultivation. 7 experimental vegetation schemes of soil-plant with the use of sub-root and foliar receipt were studied. Based on the results of a 57-day experiment, quantitative parameters of culture, leaf morphology and root system were determined. Peculiarities of plant development at supercritical levels of microelements receipt and their deviation from the conditions of control plants within significant biogeochemical excess of Zn, Cu, Mo in soils are described. The inflow of zinc on the soil surface inhibits the relative development of the root system by 1.2 times and increases the height of shoots and leaves. The inflow of zinc on the plant surface inhibits the development of the leaf apparatus of barley 1.4 times and promotes the development of the root system. The influx of copper on the soil surface slightly inhibits the relative development of the root system and the height of the shoots. The influx of copper on the surface of the plant slightly inhibits the development of the leaf apparatus and does not change the root system of barley. The inflow of molybdenum to the soil surface inhibits the relative development of the root system by 1.4 times, and the growth of stem and leaf apparatus by 1.1–1.2 times. The entry of molybdenum on the surface of barley crops is less harmful than in the soil. It has been established that the greatest danger for the root system of barley and the location of its sprouts is the supercritical supply of molybdenum, which increased the position of the sprouts by 4–5 times and reduced the development and length of the root system to 2 times. The greatest danger for the leaf plate of barley sprouts is the supercritical foliar inflow of zinc, which reduced the height of the sprouts by 1.2 times and the length of the leaf blade by 1.4 times. It is concluded that differences in cultures in need of Mo, Zn, Cu affect the peculiarities of their response to toxic concentrations of nutrients in the food system. It is proposed to apply estimates of levels of man-made contaminated areas with heavy metals and trace elements in the preparation of areas for agricultural activities in modern anthropogenic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86248384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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