Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266419
Yu. Zaitsev, O. Hryshchenko, S. Romanova, I. Zaitseva
The article highlights the ecological danger of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in ten soil samples taken from agricultural lands of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region are presented. Three samples were taken from the places where air bombs had fallen, seven from the places of broken military equipment. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the background level in terms of lead content was exceeded in all soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted territories was 5.4 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background level in terms of zinc content was noted in nine out of ten soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted areas was 3.9 times higher than the background value. The average content of cadmium in the polluted territories was 1.4 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in eight soil samples). Exceeding the background value of the gross copper content was found in eight soil samples, on average, according to the experiment, the copper content is 4.6 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background value for the content of nickel and iron was noted only in three soil samples, and the average content of the elements exceeded the background value by 1.2 and 1.1 times. The average manganese content in the polluted areas was 4.8 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in six soil samples). Based on the results of the research, it was established that the gross content of lead (in six soil samples), zinc and manganese (in two soil samples), and copper (in five soil samples) from the sites of hostilities exceeded the permissible limits. The content of gross forms of cadmium and nickel did not exceed the MPC. A significantly higher coefficient of variation of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the combat zone, compared to the content outside the combat zone (background value), may indicate the intensity of the influence of a negative factor on the soil cover. The highest degree of disturbance of the ground cover as a result of hostilities was noted in the places of burned equipment (the villages of Kosivshchyna, Stare Selo, Nyzy, Sumy district, Sumy region). According to the results of the correlation analysis, an extremely strong dependence was established between the content of the studied forms of heavy metals.
{"title":"Influence of combat actions on the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the soils of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region","authors":"Yu. Zaitsev, O. Hryshchenko, S. Romanova, I. Zaitseva","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266419","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the ecological danger of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in ten soil samples taken from agricultural lands of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region are presented. Three samples were taken from the places where air bombs had fallen, seven from the places of broken military equipment. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the background level in terms of lead content was exceeded in all soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted territories was 5.4 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background level in terms of zinc content was noted in nine out of ten soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted areas was 3.9 times higher than the background value. The average content of cadmium in the polluted territories was 1.4 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in eight soil samples). Exceeding the background value of the gross copper content was found in eight soil samples, on average, according to the experiment, the copper content is 4.6 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background value for the content of nickel and iron was noted only in three soil samples, and the average content of the elements exceeded the background value by 1.2 and 1.1 times. The average manganese content in the polluted areas was 4.8 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in six soil samples). Based on the results of the research, it was established that the gross content of lead (in six soil samples), zinc and manganese (in two soil samples), and copper (in five soil samples) from the sites of hostilities exceeded the permissible limits. The content of gross forms of cadmium and nickel did not exceed the MPC. A significantly higher coefficient of variation of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the combat zone, compared to the content outside the combat zone (background value), may indicate the intensity of the influence of a negative factor on the soil cover. The highest degree of disturbance of the ground cover as a result of hostilities was noted in the places of burned equipment (the villages of Kosivshchyna, Stare Selo, Nyzy, Sumy district, Sumy region). According to the results of the correlation analysis, an extremely strong dependence was established between the content of the studied forms of heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83853268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266421
O. Mudrak, I. Slieptsova
This article explores ecological significance of animal venom as a stressful biotic factor and its role in disruption of homeostatic processes in mammal’s organism. The variety of venomous species of animals and their widely distribution in the world forces other species of animals to adapt to the coexistence with them. Thus, venom toxins have an important ecological significance, because they act as stressors and appreciably impact on the biotic interaction between organisms. According to scientists’ estimates, 220.000 species of animals, or 15% of the world’s biodiversity, are venomous, and there are 3.709 species of venomous snakes. The increase of snakebites cases is not only related to geographical distribution of snakes, but also to climate changes (high humidity and an increase of average annual temperature), which contributes to the reproduction of snakes and a shift of their natural habitats. Every year, around 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes worldwide. This leads to heavy social and economic costs in many countries of the world and it is the reason for constant attention to this problem. Among the variety of venomous animals, snakes have attracted the greatest attention of scientists due to peculiarities of the composition of their venom, its biochemical properties and the possibility of use in pharmacology and medicine. However, despite annual large-scale studies of the composition of snake toxins, the specifics of their effects on animals and human is not fully indentified. It has been established that among venomous snakes only vipers are common in Ukraine. Among them there are two subspecies of the common adder (Vipera berus Linnaeus, 1758): Vipera b. berus, which can be found in Polissia, Forest Steppe and the Carpathians, and Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986), which occurs mainly in the Left Forest Steppe. Their bites can be very painful, but are rarely fatal for adults. Vipera berus venom has hemolytic, proteolytic and cytotoxic properties due to its composition: phospholipase A2, serine proteases, metallo proteases, amino acid L-oxidase, hemorrhagic factors and blood coagulation inhibitors, vasoactive peptides, cysteine-rich secretory protein. The composition of Vipera b. berus and Vipera b. nikolskii venom and mechanism of its action in victim’s organism were analyzed too. It is known that among the components of Nikolsky viper’s venom (Vipera b. nikolskii) the most part belongs to various enzymes. Of all enzymes, phospholipase A2 reached about 65% of the dry weight, serine proteases — 19%. Experiments on mammals (mice) showed that Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera b. nikolskii) venom cause both local symptoms — swelling, pain, lymphangitis, and systemic symptoms — hypotension, mild neurotoxic effect. In addition, there are reports of damage to the cranial nerves and progressive paralysis of the limbs in mice. The components of Vipera b. berus viper venom have mainly a hemotoxic effe
本文探讨了动物毒液作为应激生物因子的生态学意义及其在破坏哺乳动物体内平衡过程中的作用。有毒动物种类繁多，在世界上分布广泛，迫使其他动物适应与它们共存。因此，毒液毒素具有重要的生态意义，因为它们作为应激源并明显影响生物之间的生物相互作用。据科学家估计，有22万种动物是有毒的，占世界生物多样性的15%，毒蛇有3.709种。蛇咬伤病例的增加不仅与蛇的地理分布有关，而且与气候变化(高湿度和年平均气温升高)有关，气候变化有助于蛇的繁殖和自然栖息地的转移。全世界每年约有540万人被蛇咬伤。这在世界上许多国家造成了沉重的社会和经济代价，这是不断注意这一问题的原因。在各种有毒动物中，蛇由于其毒液的独特成分、生化特性以及在药理学和医学上的应用可能性而引起了科学家们的极大关注。然而，尽管每年都对蛇毒素的成分进行大规模研究，但它们对动物和人类的具体影响尚未完全确定。已经确定，在毒蛇中，只有毒蛇在乌克兰很常见。其中常见的蝰蛇(Vipera berus Linnaeus, 1758)有两个亚种:Vipera b. berus，分布在波兰、森林草原和喀尔巴阡山脉;Nikolsky’s蝰蛇(Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986)，主要分布在左侧森林草原。它们的叮咬非常痛苦，但对成年人来说很少是致命的。由于其组成:磷脂酶A2、丝氨酸蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶、氨基酸l -氧化酶、出血因子和凝血抑制剂、血管活性肽、富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白，蝰蛇毒液具有溶血、蛋白溶解和细胞毒性。并分析了白蝰蛇和尼古斯基蝰蛇毒液的成分及其在被侵害人体内的作用机理。据了解，在尼古斯基蝰蛇毒液的成分中，大部分属于各种酶。在所有酶中，磷脂酶A2约占干重的65%，丝氨酸蛋白酶约占19%。对哺乳动物(小鼠)的实验表明，尼古斯基毒蛇(Vipera b. nikolskii)毒液会引起局部症状(肿胀、疼痛、淋巴管炎)和全身症状(低血压、轻度神经毒性作用)。此外，有报道称小鼠的脑神经受损，四肢进行性瘫痪。由于多种金属蛋白酶家族酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、l -氨基酸氧化酶和c型凝集素样蛋白的作用，蝰蛇毒液的成分主要具有血毒作用，并能促进血液凝固。众所周知，l -氨基酸氧化酶阻断神经肌肉冲动的传递，导致细胞膜的破坏。这种毒蛇的毒液还含有几种具有神经毒性作用的蛋白质。对实验研究数据的全面而彻底的分析证明，包括毒蛇在内的各种动物的毒素组成是极其多样化的。大量的研究表明这些毒液具有血管毒性和神经毒性作用。也有对心血管、泌尿、呼吸和消化系统造成损害的报告。鉴于毒蛇毒素在哺乳动物体内的作用靶点尚未完全确定，其作用机制尚未完全了解，因此进一步的研究具有重要意义。
{"title":"Particularity of environmental biotic factors impact on mammal’s organism","authors":"O. Mudrak, I. Slieptsova","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266421","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores ecological significance of animal venom as a stressful biotic factor and its role in disruption of homeostatic processes in mammal’s organism. The variety of venomous species of animals and their widely distribution in the world forces other species of animals to adapt to the coexistence with them. Thus, venom toxins have an important ecological significance, because they act as stressors and appreciably impact on the biotic interaction between organisms. According to scientists’ estimates, 220.000 species of animals, or 15% of the world’s biodiversity, are venomous, and there are 3.709 species of venomous snakes. The increase of snakebites cases is not only related to geographical distribution of snakes, but also to climate changes (high humidity and an increase of average annual temperature), which contributes to the reproduction of snakes and a shift of their natural habitats. Every year, around 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes worldwide. This leads to heavy social and economic costs in many countries of the world and it is the reason for constant attention to this problem. Among the variety of venomous animals, snakes have attracted the greatest attention of scientists due to peculiarities of the composition of their venom, its biochemical properties and the possibility of use in pharmacology and medicine. However, despite annual large-scale studies of the composition of snake toxins, the specifics of their effects on animals and human is not fully indentified. It has been established that among venomous snakes only vipers are common in Ukraine. Among them there are two subspecies of the common adder (Vipera berus Linnaeus, 1758): Vipera b. berus, which can be found in Polissia, Forest Steppe and the Carpathians, and Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986), which occurs mainly in the Left Forest Steppe. Their bites can be very painful, but are rarely fatal for adults. Vipera berus venom has hemolytic, proteolytic and cytotoxic properties due to its composition: phospholipase A2, serine proteases, metallo proteases, amino acid L-oxidase, hemorrhagic factors and blood coagulation inhibitors, vasoactive peptides, cysteine-rich secretory protein. The composition of Vipera b. berus and Vipera b. nikolskii venom and mechanism of its action in victim’s organism were analyzed too. It is known that among the components of Nikolsky viper’s venom (Vipera b. nikolskii) the most part belongs to various enzymes. Of all enzymes, phospholipase A2 reached about 65% of the dry weight, serine proteases — 19%. Experiments on mammals (mice) showed that Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera b. nikolskii) venom cause both local symptoms — swelling, pain, lymphangitis, and systemic symptoms — hypotension, mild neurotoxic effect. In addition, there are reports of damage to the cranial nerves and progressive paralysis of the limbs in mice. The components of Vipera b. berus viper venom have mainly a hemotoxic effe","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266409
O. Orlov, V. Konishchuk, V. Martynenko
As a result of illegal amber mining on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, 97.0 hectares or 80.8% of its area was damaged during 4 years (2014– 2017). Including on the area of 59.2 hectares (49.3% of the area of the reserve), catastrophic changes took place — the complete destruction of natural ecosystems; on 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve, gradual negative changes are taking place — there is a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the side of the surrounding quarters, disturbed by amber mining. As a result of the illegal mining of amber on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, all protection priorities were lost both at the species and coenotic levels. On its territory, mesooligotrophic ancient, 130-year-old pine-sphagnum bogs (unique reference areas), treeless oligotrophic sedge-sphagnum bogs, and areas of ancient, 110-yearold dryland pine-oak acidophilic, floristically rich forests had the greatest value. Prior to anthropogenic disturbance of the natural ecosystems of the reserve on its territory, the priorities of protection at the species level were 8 species of vascular plants listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine», as well as 5 species of animals listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine». At the cenotic level, rare coenoses of forest-swamp meso-oligotrophic and oligotrophic swamps of the reserve were protected, listed in the «Green Book of Ukraine». In 8 areas bordering heavily disturbed areas, a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the surrounding disturbed quarters is now manifested, due to negative changes in the general hydrological regime of the territory — as a rule, significant drying, which results in the degradation of natural vegetation. The total area of such plots in «Rechitsia» reserve is 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve. These gradual changes are manifested, first of all, in the loss of ecological stability of ecosystems, the loss of the most moisture-loving species at the first stage, the thinning and gradual dying of the crowns of the tree stand, the reduction of species and coenotic diversity of flora and fauna. On the territory of the former reserve, disturbed by illegal amber mining, it is necessary to carry out engineering reclamation, after which — biological, namely — planting of birch and pine crops.
{"title":"Phytostroma transformation of «Rechitsia» hydrological reservoir as a consequence of amber mining","authors":"O. Orlov, V. Konishchuk, V. Martynenko","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266409","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of illegal amber mining on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, 97.0 hectares or 80.8% of its area was damaged during 4 years (2014– 2017). Including on the area of 59.2 hectares (49.3% of the area of the reserve), catastrophic changes took place — the complete destruction of natural ecosystems; on 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve, gradual negative changes are taking place — there is a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the side of the surrounding quarters, disturbed by amber mining. As a result of the illegal mining of amber on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, all protection priorities were lost both at the species and coenotic levels. On its territory, mesooligotrophic ancient, 130-year-old pine-sphagnum bogs (unique reference areas), treeless oligotrophic sedge-sphagnum bogs, and areas of ancient, 110-yearold dryland pine-oak acidophilic, floristically rich forests had the greatest value. Prior to anthropogenic disturbance of the natural ecosystems of the reserve on its territory, the priorities of protection at the species level were 8 species of vascular plants listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine», as well as 5 species of animals listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine». At the cenotic level, rare coenoses of forest-swamp meso-oligotrophic and oligotrophic swamps of the reserve were protected, listed in the «Green Book of Ukraine». In 8 areas bordering heavily disturbed areas, a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the surrounding disturbed quarters is now manifested, due to negative changes in the general hydrological regime of the territory — as a rule, significant drying, which results in the degradation of natural vegetation. The total area of such plots in «Rechitsia» reserve is 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve. These gradual changes are manifested, first of all, in the loss of ecological stability of ecosystems, the loss of the most moisture-loving species at the first stage, the thinning and gradual dying of the crowns of the tree stand, the reduction of species and coenotic diversity of flora and fauna. On the territory of the former reserve, disturbed by illegal amber mining, it is necessary to carry out engineering reclamation, after which — biological, namely — planting of birch and pine crops.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87503714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266406
O. Mudrak, A. Mahdiichuk
In the proposed article we highlight the peculiarities of the formation of phytocenotic cover within the limits of quarry-dumping complexes of mining and industrial landscapes of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. It was determined, that the formation of such anthropogenic landscapes depends on the general natural conditions of the territories, production features and the method of mineral extraction. According to the definition of T.A. Rabotnov, within the formed manmade substrates, the emergence of primary succession is possible due to the presence of plant rudiments in the deposits or the ingress of plant diaspores from the outside, which distribution is directly depends on the individual ecotopic conditions within the pits. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to determine the influence of ecotopic conditions on the formation of phytocenotic cover of the mining and industrial landscapes of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe (on the example of the Andriykovetskyy sand quarry). In order to explore the trends and rates of changes in this area, the dynamics with using photos from different years was determined and landscape maps were created. The Andriykovetskyy sand quarry is a part of the deposits of the Sarmatian layer — the lower geological layer of the upper Miocene of the Neogene period. The investigated territory is characterized by sharp differences in altitude compared to the surrounding agro-ecosystems of related agricultural lands. Breaches, which were caused by mineral extraction processes, are marked by the formed man-made accumulative relief. In the structure of the mining landscape, we highlight the next main areas: the hilly monolithic bottom of the sandpit without vegetation; steep (up to 80°) sandy walls of the quarry without vegetation; hilly loamy-sandy surfaces overgrown with cereal vegetation and various herbs; micro-bumpy surface of sandy loam dumps overgrown with ruderal vegetation; slopes of sandy-loam dumps overgrown with ruderal vegetation, trees and bushes; shaft-shaped embankments overgrown with cereal vegetation and bushes; microbumpy ledges of overburden rocks, overgrown with grass-cereal vegetation and single trees; sloping surfaces overgrown with various herbaceous vegetation; low-lying areas with sufficient moisture, overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation; sandy and loamy areas within the quarry, not occupied by developments. Also, we analyze the changes in vegetation and man-made landscape elements that occurred during the study period: during the three-year observation period, the areas of plant cover within the quarry and the number of species were increased. It was found, that the quarry is characterized by the spread of segetal-ruderal vegetation and the process of synanthropization, which can lead to the loss of typical species diversity
{"title":"Space-time analysis of the phytocenotic cover of the mining and industrial landscapes of the right-bank forest-steppe","authors":"O. Mudrak, A. Mahdiichuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266406","url":null,"abstract":"In the proposed article we highlight the peculiarities of the formation of phytocenotic cover within the limits of quarry-dumping complexes of mining and industrial landscapes of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. It was determined, that the formation of such anthropogenic landscapes depends on the general natural conditions of the territories, production features and the method of mineral extraction. According to the definition of T.A. Rabotnov, within the formed manmade substrates, the emergence of primary succession is possible due to the presence of plant rudiments in the deposits or the ingress of plant diaspores from the outside, which distribution is directly depends on the individual ecotopic conditions within the pits. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to determine the influence of ecotopic conditions on the formation of phytocenotic cover of the mining and industrial landscapes of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe (on the example of the Andriykovetskyy sand quarry). In order to explore the trends and rates of changes in this area, the dynamics with using photos from different years was determined and landscape maps were created. The Andriykovetskyy sand quarry is a part of the deposits of the Sarmatian layer — the lower geological layer of the upper Miocene of the Neogene period. The investigated territory is characterized by sharp differences in altitude compared to the surrounding agro-ecosystems of related agricultural lands. Breaches, which were caused by mineral extraction processes, are marked by the formed man-made accumulative relief. In the structure of the mining landscape, we highlight the next main areas: the hilly monolithic bottom of the sandpit without vegetation; steep (up to 80°) sandy walls of the quarry without vegetation; hilly loamy-sandy surfaces overgrown with cereal vegetation and various herbs; micro-bumpy surface of sandy loam dumps overgrown with ruderal vegetation; slopes of sandy-loam dumps overgrown with ruderal vegetation, trees and bushes; shaft-shaped embankments overgrown with cereal vegetation and bushes; microbumpy ledges of overburden rocks, overgrown with grass-cereal vegetation and single trees; sloping surfaces overgrown with various herbaceous vegetation; low-lying areas with sufficient moisture, overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation; sandy and loamy areas within the quarry, not occupied by developments. Also, we analyze the changes in vegetation and man-made landscape elements that occurred during the study period: during the three-year observation period, the areas of plant cover within the quarry and the number of species were increased. It was found, that the quarry is characterized by the spread of segetal-ruderal vegetation and the process of synanthropization, which can lead to the loss of typical species diversity","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266417
A. Bunas, E. Tkach, V. Dvoretsky, O. Dvoretska
Disposal of post-harvest residues from agro-ecosystem remains one of the urgent issues of today for agricultural producers. Burning straw and stubble is an extremely radical and destructive method for biogeocenosis, because during combustion between straw and the soil layer due to water vapor, conditions are created that the burning temperature exceeds 600°С. As a result of such actions, microorganisms, worms, insects, small vertebrates die and the fertile layer of humus is destroyed. Modern biological preparations, which contain a complex of living agronomically useful microorganisms, help to solve the issue of postharvest residues. By accelerating the destruction of organic masses in the soil, the C:N ratio is equalized, organic substances are supplied in a form available to plants, the development of phytopathogens is inhibited, moisture is retained, and humus accumulation processes are active. Field studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the new biological preparation BioSistem POWER KS (BioSistem POWER, SC), which contains active bacterial strains of the genera Paenabacillus, Azotobacter, Enterobacter and micromycetes of the genus Trichoderma. Selection of soil samples was carried out 90 days after processing, laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with generally accepted microbiological methods. It was established that the use of BioSistem POWER KS biological preparation (BioSistem POWER, SC) compared to the control increases the level of carbon dioxide emission of the soil of the experimental variants by 2 times, the level of cellulolytic activity by 23–34% depending on the rate of use, the antifungal activity of the soil by 2.5-3 times. Therefore, the biopreparation BioSistem POWER KS (BioSistem POWER, SC) at the rate of 0.3 and 5 l/ha can be recommended to agricultural producers for use in the autumn-spring period to accelerate the decomposition of post-harvest residues.
农业生态系统收获后残留物的处理仍然是当今农业生产者面临的紧迫问题之一。焚烧秸秆和残茬是一种极端激进和破坏性的生物地球保护方法，因为在秸秆和土层之间的燃烧过程中，由于水蒸气的作用，产生了燃烧温度超过600°С的条件。由于这些行为，微生物、蠕虫、昆虫、小型脊椎动物死亡，腐殖质的肥沃层被破坏。现代生物制剂，其中包含一个复杂的活的农学上有用的微生物，有助于解决采后残留物的问题。通过加速土壤中有机物质的破坏，碳氮比平衡，有机物质以植物可利用的形式供应，植物病原体的发展被抑制，水分被保留，腐殖质积累过程活跃。为了确定新型生物制剂biosystems POWER KS (biosystems POWER, SC)的有效性，我们进行了实地研究，该制剂含有木霉属的Paenabacillus、Azotobacter、Enterobacter和micromycotes的活性菌株。处理后90天进行土壤样品的选择，按照普遍接受的微生物学方法进行实验室检测。结果表明，与对照相比，使用biosystems POWER KS生物制剂(biosystems POWER, SC)的试验型土壤的二氧化碳排放水平提高了2倍，纤维素水解活性水平提高了23-34%，土壤的抗真菌活性提高了2.5-3倍。因此，生物修复剂biosystem POWER KS (biosystem POWER, SC)在0.3和5 l/ha的用量下可以推荐给农业生产者在秋春季节使用，以加速收获后残留物的分解。
{"title":"Efficiency of using Biosystem POWER, KS (BioSistem POWER, SC) preparation to accelerate the destruction of post-harvest residues","authors":"A. Bunas, E. Tkach, V. Dvoretsky, O. Dvoretska","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266417","url":null,"abstract":"Disposal of post-harvest residues from agro-ecosystem remains one of the urgent issues of today for agricultural producers. Burning straw and stubble is an extremely radical and destructive method for biogeocenosis, because during combustion between straw and the soil layer due to water vapor, conditions are created that the burning temperature exceeds 600°С. As a result of such actions, microorganisms, worms, insects, small vertebrates die and the fertile layer of humus is destroyed. Modern biological preparations, which contain a complex of living agronomically useful microorganisms, help to solve the issue of postharvest residues. By accelerating the destruction of organic masses in the soil, the C:N ratio is equalized, organic substances are supplied in a form available to plants, the development of phytopathogens is inhibited, moisture is retained, and humus accumulation processes are active. Field studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the new biological preparation BioSistem POWER KS (BioSistem POWER, SC), which contains active bacterial strains of the genera Paenabacillus, Azotobacter, Enterobacter and micromycetes of the genus Trichoderma. Selection of soil samples was carried out 90 days after processing, laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with generally accepted microbiological methods. It was established that the use of BioSistem POWER KS biological preparation (BioSistem POWER, SC) compared to the control increases the level of carbon dioxide emission of the soil of the experimental variants by 2 times, the level of cellulolytic activity by 23–34% depending on the rate of use, the antifungal activity of the soil by 2.5-3 times. Therefore, the biopreparation BioSistem POWER KS (BioSistem POWER, SC) at the rate of 0.3 and 5 l/ha can be recommended to agricultural producers for use in the autumn-spring period to accelerate the decomposition of post-harvest residues.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266412
O. Stetsiuk, L. Kyrychenko, V. Ratoshniuk, I. Shtanko, V. Lyubchenko, Y. Ilyinsky
Intensive technological process of hop growing traditionally supposes withholding of spaces between rows of hop plantations free of vegetation due to the interrow cultivating. It results in the disruption of the natural process of reproduction of soil fertility, and in a decrease in the stability of the functioning and productivity of agrobiocenosis. In a hop growing the problem of humulocenosis constancy home and foreign scientists partly decide by green manure in spaces between rows. It makes it possible to restock organic substances of soil in the conditions of deficit of organic fertilizers and decrease anthropogenic pressure on an environment. This issue is studied more widely and publications on this theme meet in professional editions. However, the problem of application of grass mixtures for tinning the spaces between rows, and its influence on the soil fertility factor, water-physical and chemical properties, and hop productivity has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to develop the main agroecological components of the sustainable functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations in order to prevent deterioration because of the anthropogenic loading. Methods of researches are the field experiments, laboratory researches, meteorological researches, statistical methods of analysis. It has been proven that the efficient functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations is ensured by energy–saving norms for the use of fertilizers, which are based on green manure of row spacing (oil radish) with the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220; double green manure between rows (oil radish and lupine alternately) + N100Р60К120; sod between rows with the introduction of 20000 kg of humus per hectare before turfing + N180Р160К220. At the same time, the yield of hop cones remains at the level of the generally accepted regulations for the use of fertilizers, and in the variant with green manure and the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220, it has an advantage of 9–10%. Environmental — economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of forming agrobiocenesis of hop plantations, which is based on such components as sideration and sod between rows. It is less costly, and improves the natural process of soil restoration, and profitability exceeds traditional technology by 1.0–10.5%.
{"title":"Biologized agricultural methods as a basis for sustainabile functioning of a hop plantation","authors":"O. Stetsiuk, L. Kyrychenko, V. Ratoshniuk, I. Shtanko, V. Lyubchenko, Y. Ilyinsky","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266412","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive technological process of hop growing traditionally supposes withholding of spaces between rows of hop plantations free of vegetation due to the interrow cultivating. It results in the disruption of the natural process of reproduction of soil fertility, and in a decrease in the stability of the functioning and productivity of agrobiocenosis. In a hop growing the problem of humulocenosis constancy home and foreign scientists partly decide by green manure in spaces between rows. It makes it possible to restock organic substances of soil in the conditions of deficit of organic fertilizers and decrease anthropogenic pressure on an environment. This issue is studied more widely and publications on this theme meet in professional editions. However, the problem of application of grass mixtures for tinning the spaces between rows, and its influence on the soil fertility factor, water-physical and chemical properties, and hop productivity has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to develop the main agroecological components of the sustainable functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations in order to prevent deterioration because of the anthropogenic loading. Methods of researches are the field experiments, laboratory researches, meteorological researches, statistical methods of analysis. It has been proven that the efficient functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations is ensured by energy–saving norms for the use of fertilizers, which are based on green manure of row spacing (oil radish) with the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220; double green manure between rows (oil radish and lupine alternately) + N100Р60К120; sod between rows with the introduction of 20000 kg of humus per hectare before turfing + N180Р160К220. At the same time, the yield of hop cones remains at the level of the generally accepted regulations for the use of fertilizers, and in the variant with green manure and the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220, it has an advantage of 9–10%. Environmental — economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of forming agrobiocenesis of hop plantations, which is based on such components as sideration and sod between rows. It is less costly, and improves the natural process of soil restoration, and profitability exceeds traditional technology by 1.0–10.5%.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"56 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83478685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266405
V. Konishchuk, V. Smagol, I. Shumyhai
The materials of the Report on environmental impact assessment of peat extraction of the Plav-II deposit in the administrative boundaries of Olevskyi district of Zhytomyr region were analyzed. Nature conservation studies of peat ecosystems of Plav-II, Yamny have been carried out. We do not recommend the development of peat deposits. The territory of the planned activity (the southern section of the Yamny peat deposit) is partially located on the territory of the Emerald Slovechanskyi Kriazh (UA 0000173) facility. Among the animal species included in the Red Book of Ukraine, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1758, Lyrurus tetrix Linnaeus, 1758 were recorded. In the last case, a hen with chicks was noted. This fact testifies to the importance of this locality for the reproduction of the species, since the hatching and hatching of the offspring in grouse takes place in the foci of their moulting in the spring. In addition to the mentioned species, the noted Crex crex Linnaeus, 1758 is a species included in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, ratified by Ukraine. For the first time, new habitats of six plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine were discovered: Carex chordorhiza Ehrh., Carex heleonastes Ehrh. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó (Orchis incarnata L.), Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Salix lapponum L., Salix myrtilloides L. Noted regionally rare species of flora: Parnassia palustris L., Nymphaea candida C. Presl., Carexlimosa L. Monitoring such rare species of higher vascular plants as Andromeda polifolia L., Drosera rotundifolia L., Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, etc. need research. Habitat types from resolutions of the Convention on the Conservation of Wild Flora and Fauna and Natural Habitats in Europe (Bern Convention): C1.222 Floating Hydrocharis morsusranae rafts — Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, D2.3 Transition mires and quaking bogs. One of the features of the flora and vegetation of the Plav-II tract is the absence of adventive, invasive plant species (with the exception of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott). On the other hand, on the drained Yamny peatland, phytoinvasions appear massively, but in comparison there is a much greater and sozologically important diversity of avifauna. It is recommended to create a reserve of local importance Plav-II, as well as justify rehabilitation and renaturalization measures in the Yamny peatland.
{"title":"Nature conservation significance of Plav-ІІ, Yamny peat ecosystems of Zhytomyr region","authors":"V. Konishchuk, V. Smagol, I. Shumyhai","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266405","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of the Report on environmental impact assessment of peat extraction of the Plav-II deposit in the administrative boundaries of Olevskyi district of Zhytomyr region were analyzed. Nature conservation studies of peat ecosystems of Plav-II, Yamny have been carried out. We do not recommend the development of peat deposits. The territory of the planned activity (the southern section of the Yamny peat deposit) is partially located on the territory of the Emerald Slovechanskyi Kriazh (UA 0000173) facility. Among the animal species included in the Red Book of Ukraine, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1758, Lyrurus tetrix Linnaeus, 1758 were recorded. In the last case, a hen with chicks was noted. This fact testifies to the importance of this locality for the reproduction of the species, since the hatching and hatching of the offspring in grouse takes place in the foci of their moulting in the spring. In addition to the mentioned species, the noted Crex crex Linnaeus, 1758 is a species included in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, ratified by Ukraine. For the first time, new habitats of six plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine were discovered: Carex chordorhiza Ehrh., Carex heleonastes Ehrh. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó (Orchis incarnata L.), Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Salix lapponum L., Salix myrtilloides L. Noted regionally rare species of flora: Parnassia palustris L., Nymphaea candida C. Presl., Carexlimosa L. Monitoring such rare species of higher vascular plants as Andromeda polifolia L., Drosera rotundifolia L., Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, etc. need research. Habitat types from resolutions of the Convention on the Conservation of Wild Flora and Fauna and Natural Habitats in Europe (Bern Convention): C1.222 Floating Hydrocharis morsusranae rafts — Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, D2.3 Transition mires and quaking bogs. One of the features of the flora and vegetation of the Plav-II tract is the absence of adventive, invasive plant species (with the exception of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott). On the other hand, on the drained Yamny peatland, phytoinvasions appear massively, but in comparison there is a much greater and sozologically important diversity of avifauna. It is recommended to create a reserve of local importance Plav-II, as well as justify rehabilitation and renaturalization measures in the Yamny peatland.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74473274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266410
A. Parfenyuk, N. Kosovska, V. Borodai, Y. Turovnik
The results of the analysis of scientific literature sources regarding the role of root exometabolites in the interaction between cultivated plants and soil microorganisms are presented. It has been proven that root exometabolites are recognized by rhizospheric microorganisms, which, in turn, produce signaling molecules and initiate various plant reactions in response to colonization. The main functions of root exometabolites are considered and their specific features are given depending on the type of plants and the stage of their development. The results of research on the positive influence of the rhizosphere microbiome on the growth and development of plants, which is due to the secretion of plant growth hormones by growth-stimulating bacteria, solubilization of nutrients, antagonism to pathogens and induction of the plant immune system, are presented. The components of protective metabolic systems of plants against soil phytopathogenic microorganisms that provide biomolecules of phenolic compounds are described. Mechanisms of regulation of interaction both at the level of molecular and ultrastructural changes of the cell, and at the level of biochemical and physiological processes are highlighted. The participation of transporter proteins in the synthesis and exudation of protective phytochemicals, which can be modified by the soil microbiome, is shown. Plant signaling molecules induce hyphal branching of micromycetes and trigger morphogenesis of fungal hyphae, which precedes successful colonization. The peculiarities of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, the induced root exudates of which contribute to both the development of microbial associations in the rhizosphere and plant growth, are considered. The interaction of plants with soil microorganisms plays an important role in the resistance of plants to heavy metals, for example by reducing their bioavailability in the soil using various mechanisms. The study of root exometabolites of plants will allow a better understanding of the interaction of plants and microorganisms, which determines their role as an ecological factor in microbial-plant associations.
{"title":"Root exometabolites as an ecological factor in the interaction between cultivated plants and soil microorganisms","authors":"A. Parfenyuk, N. Kosovska, V. Borodai, Y. Turovnik","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266410","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of scientific literature sources regarding the role of root exometabolites in the interaction between cultivated plants and soil microorganisms are presented. It has been proven that root exometabolites are recognized by rhizospheric microorganisms, which, in turn, produce signaling molecules and initiate various plant reactions in response to colonization. The main functions of root exometabolites are considered and their specific features are given depending on the type of plants and the stage of their development. The results of research on the positive influence of the rhizosphere microbiome on the growth and development of plants, which is due to the secretion of plant growth hormones by growth-stimulating bacteria, solubilization of nutrients, antagonism to pathogens and induction of the plant immune system, are presented. The components of protective metabolic systems of plants against soil phytopathogenic microorganisms that provide biomolecules of phenolic compounds are described. Mechanisms of regulation of interaction both at the level of molecular and ultrastructural changes of the cell, and at the level of biochemical and physiological processes are highlighted. The participation of transporter proteins in the synthesis and exudation of protective phytochemicals, which can be modified by the soil microbiome, is shown. Plant signaling molecules induce hyphal branching of micromycetes and trigger morphogenesis of fungal hyphae, which precedes successful colonization. The peculiarities of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, the induced root exudates of which contribute to both the development of microbial associations in the rhizosphere and plant growth, are considered. The interaction of plants with soil microorganisms plays an important role in the resistance of plants to heavy metals, for example by reducing their bioavailability in the soil using various mechanisms. The study of root exometabolites of plants will allow a better understanding of the interaction of plants and microorganisms, which determines their role as an ecological factor in microbial-plant associations.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84905974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266420
Y. Zaitsev, V. Sobko, V. Kozhevnikova, О. Lobanova, A. Kyrylchuk
It is highlighted that the current state of agricultural landscapes is characterized by a significant increase in the area of eroded arable land, which amounts to about 11 million hectares, and eroded agricultural lands — more than 13 million hectares (32.0% of their total area). Modern land-tenancy relations do not contribute to the implementation of measures to protect and increase soil fertility and have a negative effect on their fertility. In the process of using the soil cover, the needs and requirements of the ecobalance are ignored, as a result of which agricultural land is exhaustingly exploited. Soils lose a significant part of humus and such trends continue. Degradation processes are most observed in soils where agricultural techniques were violated, unfounded changes in the hydrological regime of the territory were carried out by irrigation and drainage meliorations, pollution by agrochemicals and industrial emissions occurred, which led to the removal of significant areas of productive land from active agricultural use. It has been established that the process of pollution manifests itself differently and depends on the types of harmful substances, their concentration in the soil environment and toxicity, on the natural properties and characteristics of the soil cover. It is proposed that the suitability of the soils of the contaminated lands should reflect the natural and acquired over time properties of their quality state. The combination of these properties is possible on the basis of establishing the boundaries of contaminated land on soil maps. This will make it possible to determine the area, composition of agricultural production groups and characteristics of the natural state of contaminated soils, humus content, depth of humus profiles, granulometric composition, etc. The established processes that cause various types of degradation require further processing of the parameters of indicators of crisis phenomena. It is emphasized that in the classification of processes leading to the degradation of agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay attention to the economic activity that leads to soil degradation and which is reflected in the dynamics of the structure of cultivated areas; spread of phytoviruses of different taxonomic groups in agricultural plants, weeds, wild plants and soil of different ecological regions of Ukraine; handling of waste of I–IV hazard classes.
{"title":"Classification of processes that cause land degradation","authors":"Y. Zaitsev, V. Sobko, V. Kozhevnikova, О. Lobanova, A. Kyrylchuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266420","url":null,"abstract":"It is highlighted that the current state of agricultural landscapes is characterized by a significant increase in the area of eroded arable land, which amounts to about 11 million hectares, and eroded agricultural lands — more than 13 million hectares (32.0% of their total area). Modern land-tenancy relations do not contribute to the implementation of measures to protect and increase soil fertility and have a negative effect on their fertility. In the process of using the soil cover, the needs and requirements of the ecobalance are ignored, as a result of which agricultural land is exhaustingly exploited. Soils lose a significant part of humus and such trends continue. Degradation processes are most observed in soils where agricultural techniques were violated, unfounded changes in the hydrological regime of the territory were carried out by irrigation and drainage meliorations, pollution by agrochemicals and industrial emissions occurred, which led to the removal of significant areas of productive land from active agricultural use. It has been established that the process of pollution manifests itself differently and depends on the types of harmful substances, their concentration in the soil environment and toxicity, on the natural properties and characteristics of the soil cover. It is proposed that the suitability of the soils of the contaminated lands should reflect the natural and acquired over time properties of their quality state. The combination of these properties is possible on the basis of establishing the boundaries of contaminated land on soil maps. This will make it possible to determine the area, composition of agricultural production groups and characteristics of the natural state of contaminated soils, humus content, depth of humus profiles, granulometric composition, etc. The established processes that cause various types of degradation require further processing of the parameters of indicators of crisis phenomena. It is emphasized that in the classification of processes leading to the degradation of agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay attention to the economic activity that leads to soil degradation and which is reflected in the dynamics of the structure of cultivated areas; spread of phytoviruses of different taxonomic groups in agricultural plants, weeds, wild plants and soil of different ecological regions of Ukraine; handling of waste of I–IV hazard classes.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74213621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.3.2022.266413
L. Svydenko, L. Hlushchenko, O. Vergun, N. Gudz, O. Markovska
Assessment of the prospects of introduced and created varieties of Lavandula angustifolia L. in the conditions of the Southern Steppe in terms of yield and essential oil content in raw materials, as well as the influence of the weather conditions of the year on these economically valuable traits is given. The study included 11 samples of Lavandula angustifolia L. Ecological and phenological observations were carried out for the studied plants. During the period of mass flowering of plants, the crop was recorded. The mass fraction of the essential oil was determined by the Ginsberg method on the Clevenger apparatus. The main results of the multi-year research work on the assessment of collection samples for economic and valuable characteristics of Lavandula angustifolia depending on weather conditions are highlighted. On the basis of the State Enterprise «Experimental Farming “Novokakhov”» of the Institute of ClimateOriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, collection plots of narrow-leaved lavender samples were established for introductory study and testing in the conditions of the Southern Steppe. For 20 years in this region, Lavandula angustifolia underwent multi-vector study as an ornamental and essential oil crop.During this period, new variety samples and varieties adapted to local conditions were created, which have increased decorative indicators, as well as high yield and mass share of essential oil in raw materials. In particular, Lydia, Victoria and Sinieva Nadiyi varieties, with the following characteristics: plant height, cm — 65, 60.0 and 60.0, respectively; inflorescence length, cm — 8.0, 5.0 and 13.0; number of inflorescences on a plant, pcs. — 95, 230 and 200; number of flowers in an inflorescence, pcs. — 80, 49 and 90; essential oil content, % — 3.0, 3.8 and 3.25; collection of essential oil, kg/ha — 64.0, 83.0 and 71.0; content of linalyl acetate in essential oil, % — 48.0, 34.2 and 20.1; duration of the flowering period, days — 30; inflorescence yield, t/ha — 0.53, 0.55 and 0.55; frost resistance, score (1–9) — 9; resistance against pests, score (1–9): ant (Lasiusnsger) — 9; causative agents of diseases, score (1–9) — 9 — not detected (village Lidia), sora rot — 9 (village Victoria) and not detected (village Sinieva Nadiyi); zoning area — steppe. The period 2016–2021 is of particular interest, considering the study of the adaptability of culture. The weather conditions in the mentioned years differed among themselves in terms of temperature, amount of precipitation and their distribution, etc. Such conditions made it possible to assess comprehensively the influence of the weather conditions on the manifestation of economic and valuable characteristics of collections of lavender samples in this region, including newly created varieties of this valuable culture. Observations revealed deviations in the passage of phenological phases and the accumulation of essential oil. The minimum yields and essential
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