Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276726
I. Solomakha, D. Postoienko, V. Solomakha
Studying the supply of beekeeping industry with a spectrum of nectar- and pollen-bearing plants is quite important for increasing the quantitative saturation of bee colonies in certain areas. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the entire phytodiversity of artificially created plantations, spontaneous and natural forest communities, which are widespread on the territory of the Middle Dnipro Area Forest-Steppe. We previously investigated the participation of these raw plants from the list of tree and shrub species of forest plantations of this territory, and in this work we analyzed the full participation of available plant species in the groupings of field protection forest strips. Analysis of the spreading of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing species made it possible to identify 91 species of plants that have a diverse representation in these plant communities. The most valuable raw material species are Tilia cordata Mill. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., which prevail in some of the studied groups and are promising for the main productive honey collection. Also, in these plantations there are some species with a fairly high value of raw materials, but they mostly have a small spreading. In ad- dition, a significant widespread group of plants was noted, but they do not belong to good honey plants. The investigated plantations in the combination of tree, shrub and herbaceous plant species present in them can also be actively used by bees as a source of supporting food practically throughout the entire period of their flight activity. Especially important is the use of field-protective forest strips as raw land, due to their frequent finding near settlements where apiaries are usually located, as well as the possible use of protective forest plantations for the location of apiaries during migrations. A partial correction of the values of nectar and pollen activity of individual species and the total raw value of some of these species was also performed
{"title":"Field forest strips of the Middle Dnipro Area Forest- Steppe as raw areas for beekeeping","authors":"I. Solomakha, D. Postoienko, V. Solomakha","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276726","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the supply of beekeeping industry with a spectrum of nectar- and pollen-bearing plants is quite important for increasing the quantitative saturation of bee colonies in certain areas. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the entire phytodiversity of artificially created plantations, spontaneous and natural forest communities, which are widespread on the territory of the Middle Dnipro Area Forest-Steppe. We previously investigated the participation of these raw plants from the list of tree and shrub species of forest plantations of this territory, and in this work we analyzed the full participation of available plant species in the groupings of field protection forest strips. Analysis of the spreading of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing species made it possible to identify 91 species of plants that have a diverse representation in these plant communities. The most valuable raw material species are Tilia cordata Mill. and Robinia pseudoacacia L., which prevail in some of the studied groups and are promising for the main productive honey collection. Also, in these plantations there are some species with a fairly high value of raw materials, but they mostly have a small spreading. In ad- dition, a significant widespread group of plants was noted, but they do not belong to good honey plants. The investigated plantations in the combination of tree, shrub and herbaceous plant species present in them can also be actively used by bees as a source of supporting food practically throughout the entire period of their flight activity. Especially important is the use of field-protective forest strips as raw land, due to their frequent finding near settlements where apiaries are usually located, as well as the possible use of protective forest plantations for the location of apiaries during migrations. A partial correction of the values of nectar and pollen activity of individual species and the total raw value of some of these species was also performed","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73056545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276739
A. Levishko, I. Gumeniuk, V. Tsvigun, S. Mazur, O. Botsula
Modern crop production requires a balance of high and sustainable productivity with maximum safety for the environment, consumers and agricultural workers. The well-known chemical compound polyguanidine, which was previously used as a disinfectant, surfactant and complexing agent, has recently become widely used as a plant growth and development stimulant. Despite the increasing use of polyguanidine preparations as a growth stimulant, there is no data in the literature on its mechanism of action on plants. There are many studies that try to determine whether the effect of biostimulants on plant productivity is a direct or indirect response, for example, through the soil or microbiome. In many cases, biostimulants are considered in terms of their effects on various plant regulatory and functional systems (signaling, metabolic, uptake and transport mechanisms, etc.). But, in general, these modes of action are very diverse and may include activation of nitrogen metabolism or release of phosphorus from soils, general stimulation of soil microbial activity, or stimulation of root growth and increased plant nutrition. The effect of polyguanidin on the physiological parameters of wheat plants was studied under vegetation and laboratory conditions. Seeds of winter wheat variety Bogdana were used for the study. For the determination of flavonoids, a spectrophotometric method based on the measurement of their absorption with aluminum chloride complex was used. It was proved that the treatment of wheat in the tillering and earing phases with polyguanidin had the greatest effect on the protein content in winter wheat grain, which ensured the formation of this indicator at the level of 11.0–13.4% compared to the control. The treatment of wheat seeds with a preparation based on polyguanidine increased the amount of chlorophyll a by almost two times, while the content of chlorophyll b and carotene increased somewhat less. Thus, the use of polyguanidine contributes to the efficient functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, which will increase their productivity. Since the energy basis of photosynthesis is the absorption of solar radiation by photosynthetic pigments, which are used to form organic matter, there is a direct link between chlorophyll content and plant productivity. Therefore, we decided to check the content of the main photosynthetic pigments in plants after treatment with polyguanidine. At the first stage of our research, plants at the early stages of ontogenesis were analyzed. Thus, we have shown that the treatment of wheat seeds with a polyguanidine-based preparation increases the amount of chlorophyll a almost twice. Evaluation of flavonoid content in wheat plants showed a decrease in their amount after treatment with polyguanidin. That is, after the treatment, the plants, on the contrary, reduced their adaptive potential, because at the biochemical stage it was believed that there were no unfavorable factors in the environment. The
{"title":"The influence of polyguanidin on the direction of biochemical processes in wheat (Triti- cum L.) plants.","authors":"A. Levishko, I. Gumeniuk, V. Tsvigun, S. Mazur, O. Botsula","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276739","url":null,"abstract":"Modern crop production requires a balance of high and sustainable productivity with maximum safety for the environment, consumers and agricultural workers. The well-known chemical compound polyguanidine, which was previously used as a disinfectant, surfactant and complexing agent, has recently become widely used as a plant growth and development stimulant. Despite the increasing use of polyguanidine preparations as a growth stimulant, there is no data in the literature on its mechanism of action on plants. There are many studies that try to determine whether the effect of biostimulants on plant productivity is a direct or indirect response, for example, through the soil or microbiome. In many cases, biostimulants are considered in terms of their effects on various plant regulatory and functional systems (signaling, metabolic, uptake and transport mechanisms, etc.). But, in general, these modes of action are very diverse and may include activation of nitrogen metabolism or release of phosphorus from soils, general stimulation of soil microbial activity, or stimulation of root growth and increased plant nutrition. The effect of polyguanidin on the physiological parameters of wheat plants was studied under vegetation and laboratory conditions. Seeds of winter wheat variety Bogdana were used for the study. For the determination of flavonoids, a spectrophotometric method based on the measurement of their absorption with aluminum chloride complex was used. It was proved that the treatment of wheat in the tillering and earing phases with polyguanidin had the greatest effect on the protein content in winter wheat grain, which ensured the formation of this indicator at the level of 11.0–13.4% compared to the control. The treatment of wheat seeds with a preparation based on polyguanidine increased the amount of chlorophyll a by almost two times, while the content of chlorophyll b and carotene increased somewhat less. Thus, the use of polyguanidine contributes to the efficient functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, which will increase their productivity. Since the energy basis of photosynthesis is the absorption of solar radiation by photosynthetic pigments, which are used to form organic matter, there is a direct link between chlorophyll content and plant productivity. Therefore, we decided to check the content of the main photosynthetic pigments in plants after treatment with polyguanidine. At the first stage of our research, plants at the early stages of ontogenesis were analyzed. Thus, we have shown that the treatment of wheat seeds with a polyguanidine-based preparation increases the amount of chlorophyll a almost twice. Evaluation of flavonoid content in wheat plants showed a decrease in their amount after treatment with polyguanidin. That is, after the treatment, the plants, on the contrary, reduced their adaptive potential, because at the biochemical stage it was believed that there were no unfavorable factors in the environment. The","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283703
M. Hunchak
It was established that the most common phytophagous pests in apple orchards of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in 2015–2020 were apple fruit borer, aphids, leafhoppers, mites, apple moth, flower eater and Epicometishirta Poda. The most common diseases of apple orchards in the studied area were scab, powdery mildew, fruit rot and moniliosis. On the basis of phytosanitary data, an improved and intensive system of chemical protection of apple orchards against a complex of harmful organisms was developed, which was adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine. The system of intensive chemical protection, which included 12 treatments with chemical pesticides provided technical efficiency against pests and diseases from 86.5 to 97.1%, yield at the level of 26.5 t/ha, including 65.8% fruits first class. Using this system, they received a profit of UAH 85,042.10 from 1 ha and a profitability of 66.98%. The improved protection system ensured a reduction of the pesticide load on the garden ecosystem through the use of low-polarity pesticides. The yield when using the improved protection system was 26.1 t/ha, including 64.7% of the 1st grade, and the technical efficiency ranged from 83.5 to 95.2%. The application of this system made it possible to obtain a profit in the amount of UAH 87,336.89 from 1 ha, with a profitability level of 71.9%. The agro-ecotoxicological index for all protection systems was less than 1, that is, the studied protection systems are not very dangerous and do not lead to ecosystem pollution. For an intensive chemical protection system, this indicator ranged from 0.30 (Izon 0.7) to 0.85 (Izon 0.5). For the improved protection system, AETI ranged from 0.017 (Izon 0.7) to 0.041 (Izon 0.5).
{"title":"Ecotoxicological reasonig for chemical protection systems of apple trees (Malus) against harmful organisms in the conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine","authors":"M. Hunchak","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283703","url":null,"abstract":"It was established that the most common phytophagous pests in apple orchards of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in 2015–2020 were apple fruit borer, aphids, leafhoppers, mites, apple moth, flower eater and Epicometishirta Poda. The most common diseases of apple orchards in the studied area were scab, powdery mildew, fruit rot and moniliosis. On the basis of phytosanitary data, an improved and intensive system of chemical protection of apple orchards against a complex of harmful organisms was developed, which was adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine. The system of intensive chemical protection, which included 12 treatments with chemical pesticides provided technical efficiency against pests and diseases from 86.5 to 97.1%, yield at the level of 26.5 t/ha, including 65.8% fruits first class. Using this system, they received a profit of UAH 85,042.10 from 1 ha and a profitability of 66.98%. The improved protection system ensured a reduction of the pesticide load on the garden ecosystem through the use of low-polarity pesticides. The yield when using the improved protection system was 26.1 t/ha, including 64.7% of the 1st grade, and the technical efficiency ranged from 83.5 to 95.2%. The application of this system made it possible to obtain a profit in the amount of UAH 87,336.89 from 1 ha, with a profitability level of 71.9%. The agro-ecotoxicological index for all protection systems was less than 1, that is, the studied protection systems are not very dangerous and do not lead to ecosystem pollution. For an intensive chemical protection system, this indicator ranged from 0.30 (Izon 0.7) to 0.85 (Izon 0.5). For the improved protection system, AETI ranged from 0.017 (Izon 0.7) to 0.041 (Izon 0.5).","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84049437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283700
O. Zabarnyi, O. Demyanyuk
The article analyses the statistical data of the United States Department of Agriculture on the main producers, exporters, importers and consumers of rapeseed, oil and meal and establishes that the EU, Canada and China are the leaders in terms of rapeseed production in the world. According to the forecasts, in 23/24 MY almost half of all imported seeds will be from the EU (5.1 mln tonnes) and China (3.0 mln tonnes). Canada is the world’s largest exporter of rapeseed and rapeseed products, and it is forecast that about 8.6 mln tonnes of the seeds will be sold to other countries, including the EU and China. Canada has been the largest exporter of rapeseed for many years. According to analysts’ forecasts, 8.6 mln tonnes of seeds, which is 48.6% of the total world exports, will be sold to other countries. Canada will export 3.1 mln tonnes of oil and 5.25 mln tonnes of rapeseed meal. In 23/24 MY, the EU countries are forecast to use 25.4 mln tonnes of rapeseed and its products for domestic consumption, while China — 18.4 mln tonnes. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2013, 0.95 mln ha of winter rapeseed were harvested, the gross harvest amounted to 2.28 mln tonnes, and the average yield was 2.40 t/ha. In 2022, the gross harvest of winter rapeseed was 3.25 million tonnes. At the same time, the harvested area was 1.13 mln ha, and the average yield in the country increased to 2.87 t/ha. Thus, over the past 10 years, the sown area in Ukraine has increased by 19%, and the gross seed harvest by 42.4%. The increase in sown areas, gross seed harvest and average yields was driven by improvements in certain elements of winter rape growing technology and the introduction of new varieties and hybrids. The State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine includes 350 varieties and hybrids of winter rape. Over the past 10 years, 306 varieties and hybrids of winter rape have been included in the Register, which is 87.4% of the total. At the same time, 20 varieties and 6 hybrids of winter rape of Ukrainian breeding and 16 varieties and 264 hybrids of foreign breeding were registered.
{"title":"Assessment of the state and prospects of rapeseed production in Ukraine and in the world","authors":"O. Zabarnyi, O. Demyanyuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283700","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the statistical data of the United States Department of Agriculture on the main producers, exporters, importers and consumers of rapeseed, oil and meal and establishes that the EU, Canada and China are the leaders in terms of rapeseed production in the world. According to the forecasts, in 23/24 MY almost half of all imported seeds will be from the EU (5.1 mln tonnes) and China (3.0 mln tonnes). Canada is the world’s largest exporter of rapeseed and rapeseed products, and it is forecast that about 8.6 mln tonnes of the seeds will be sold to other countries, including the EU and China. Canada has been the largest exporter of rapeseed for many years. According to analysts’ forecasts, 8.6 mln tonnes of seeds, which is 48.6% of the total world exports, will be sold to other countries. Canada will export 3.1 mln tonnes of oil and 5.25 mln tonnes of rapeseed meal. In 23/24 MY, the EU countries are forecast to use 25.4 mln tonnes of rapeseed and its products for domestic consumption, while China — 18.4 mln tonnes. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2013, 0.95 mln ha of winter rapeseed were harvested, the gross harvest amounted to 2.28 mln tonnes, and the average yield was 2.40 t/ha. In 2022, the gross harvest of winter rapeseed was 3.25 million tonnes. At the same time, the harvested area was 1.13 mln ha, and the average yield in the country increased to 2.87 t/ha. Thus, over the past 10 years, the sown area in Ukraine has increased by 19%, and the gross seed harvest by 42.4%. The increase in sown areas, gross seed harvest and average yields was driven by improvements in certain elements of winter rape growing technology and the introduction of new varieties and hybrids. The State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine includes 350 varieties and hybrids of winter rape. Over the past 10 years, 306 varieties and hybrids of winter rape have been included in the Register, which is 87.4% of the total. At the same time, 20 varieties and 6 hybrids of winter rape of Ukrainian breeding and 16 varieties and 264 hybrids of foreign breeding were registered.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88693871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283705
G. Matusevich, О. Bagatcka, A. Kudryavtsev, А. Grinko, D. Shabalkov
Research new mineral fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate (MPP) regarding the impact (effects) on biometric indicators, yield, quality and safety of vegetable crops was conducted. We studied the effect of MPP on the growth and development of tomatoes and cucumbers at different rates of use. When using MPP, tomato biometric indicators increased: the height of the plants is 6.7–8.2 cm, stem diameter — by 0.9–1.2 cm, leaf area — by 4.2–9.7 dm2 compared to the control and cucumbers: plant height — by 9.4–41.5 cm, stem diameter — by 0.2–0.5 cm compared to the control. It was established that with foliar feeding of open ground vegetables, an increase in the yield of tomatoes to 48.0–49.2 t/ha and cucumbers to 3.9–4.7 t/ha is observed, compared to the control variant 41.4 and 3.1 t/ha, respectively, and the quality of fruits increases significantly. The content of dry matter, sugar, and vitamin C indicate the quality of the fruits of vegetable crops. The dry matter content of cucumbers was 4.1–4.8%, which is 0.2–0.9% more than in the control. The content of sugar and vitamin C had a similar tendency to increase. If in the control their content was 1.1% and 13.7 mg/kg, then when applying fertilizer the content increased by 0.6–1.5%; of vitamin C — by 11.2–18.2%, respectively. The content of dry matter of tomatoes was 7.3–7.7%, which is 0.8–1.2% more than in the control. The content of sugar, vitamin C, and carotene also increased: in the control, their content was 3.1%, 15.2 mg/kg, and 12.9 mg/kg, when the fertilizer was used, the content increased: sugar by 0.8–1.1%; vitamin C — by 5.9–13.0%; carotene — by 6.2–13.7%, respectively. Fruit acidity increased by 0.23–0.13%. The content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co) in the composition of the МКР does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations specified in the Ukrainian and European standards. Application of fertilizer taking into account the biologically justified rates of consumption will not lead to a significant change in gross (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, As, Мn, Cr, Hg) and mobile (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd) forms of heavy metals in the soil. According to the content of natural radionuclides, monopotassium phosphate corresponds to the current Ukrainian regulatory documents. Agricultural products grown with the use of fertilizer meet hygienic requirements regarding the content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) and are safe for human health.
{"title":"Influence of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer on vegetable crops yield and indicators of fruit quality and safety","authors":"G. Matusevich, О. Bagatcka, A. Kudryavtsev, А. Grinko, D. Shabalkov","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283705","url":null,"abstract":"Research new mineral fertilizer of monopotassium phosphate (MPP) regarding the impact (effects) on biometric indicators, yield, quality and safety of vegetable crops was conducted. We studied the effect of MPP on the growth and development of tomatoes and cucumbers at different rates of use. When using MPP, tomato biometric indicators increased: the height of the plants is 6.7–8.2 cm, stem diameter — by 0.9–1.2 cm, leaf area — by 4.2–9.7 dm2 compared to the control and cucumbers: plant height — by 9.4–41.5 cm, stem diameter — by 0.2–0.5 cm compared to the control. It was established that with foliar feeding of open ground vegetables, an increase in the yield of tomatoes to 48.0–49.2 t/ha and cucumbers to 3.9–4.7 t/ha is observed, compared to the control variant 41.4 and 3.1 t/ha, respectively, and the quality of fruits increases significantly. The content of dry matter, sugar, and vitamin C indicate the quality of the fruits of vegetable crops. The dry matter content of cucumbers was 4.1–4.8%, which is 0.2–0.9% more than in the control. The content of sugar and vitamin C had a similar tendency to increase. If in the control their content was 1.1% and 13.7 mg/kg, then when applying fertilizer the content increased by 0.6–1.5%; of vitamin C — by 11.2–18.2%, respectively. The content of dry matter of tomatoes was 7.3–7.7%, which is 0.8–1.2% more than in the control. The content of sugar, vitamin C, and carotene also increased: in the control, their content was 3.1%, 15.2 mg/kg, and 12.9 mg/kg, when the fertilizer was used, the content increased: sugar by 0.8–1.1%; vitamin C — by 5.9–13.0%; carotene — by 6.2–13.7%, respectively. Fruit acidity increased by 0.23–0.13%. The content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co) in the composition of the МКР does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations specified in the Ukrainian and European standards. Application of fertilizer taking into account the biologically justified rates of consumption will not lead to a significant change in gross (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, As, Мn, Cr, Hg) and mobile (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd) forms of heavy metals in the soil. According to the content of natural radionuclides, monopotassium phosphate corresponds to the current Ukrainian regulatory documents. Agricultural products grown with the use of fertilizer meet hygienic requirements regarding the content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) and are safe for human health.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89019748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283695
L. Sova
The key issues of the development of a modern system of ecological and economic evaluation indicators of biodiversity are studied. In particular, the emphasis is on the ecosystem services of surface waters. It was found that surface water ecosystems provide a number of ecosystem functions and services important for the sustainable functioning of the natural environment. Although the need for these services is constantly increasing, the capacity of aquatic ecosystems to provide such services is decreasing. To achieve the goal, the article used a system of general scientific and special methods of the modern theory of the ecosystem approach and general ecological assessment, analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, abstract-logical method, etc. Based on the results of the analytical assessment of the Water Strategy of Ukraine until 2050, it was found that the document presents a limited ecosystem approach and lacks indicators that indicate the need to preserve water ecosystem services and identify their ecological and economic value. In this context, scientific approaches to the evaluation of ecosystem services of surface waters are substantiated and developed, which are represented by an algorithm consisting of four consecutive steps, namely: analysis of the formation of ecological and economic evaluation of ecosystem services; study of the ecological and economic state of surface waters in Ukraine and the peculiarities of their ecosystem services; development of the methodology of ecological and economic assessment of the value dimension of ecosystem services of surface waters; development of proposals for the implementation of ecological and economic assessment of ecosystem services of surface waters in the Water Strategy of Ukraine. Further research has prospects in the direction of theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of a domestic mechanism for evaluating the ecosystem services of surface water as a component of biodiversity from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach and general ecological assessment.
{"title":"Evaluation of ecosystem services of surface waters of Ukraine in the ecological and economic dimension","authors":"L. Sova","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283695","url":null,"abstract":"The key issues of the development of a modern system of ecological and economic evaluation indicators of biodiversity are studied. In particular, the emphasis is on the ecosystem services of surface waters. It was found that surface water ecosystems provide a number of ecosystem functions and services important for the sustainable functioning of the natural environment. Although the need for these services is constantly increasing, the capacity of aquatic ecosystems to provide such services is decreasing. To achieve the goal, the article used a system of general scientific and special methods of the modern theory of the ecosystem approach and general ecological assessment, analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, abstract-logical method, etc. Based on the results of the analytical assessment of the Water Strategy of Ukraine until 2050, it was found that the document presents a limited ecosystem approach and lacks indicators that indicate the need to preserve water ecosystem services and identify their ecological and economic value. In this context, scientific approaches to the evaluation of ecosystem services of surface waters are substantiated and developed, which are represented by an algorithm consisting of four consecutive steps, namely: analysis of the formation of ecological and economic evaluation of ecosystem services; study of the ecological and economic state of surface waters in Ukraine and the peculiarities of their ecosystem services; development of the methodology of ecological and economic assessment of the value dimension of ecosystem services of surface waters; development of proposals for the implementation of ecological and economic assessment of ecosystem services of surface waters in the Water Strategy of Ukraine. Further research has prospects in the direction of theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of a domestic mechanism for evaluating the ecosystem services of surface water as a component of biodiversity from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach and general ecological assessment.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88840081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283697
A. Lishchuk, І. Horodyska, N. Karachinska
The article is focused on the actuality of the ecological risks researching of pesticide pollution of agricultural soils, which are the feed and raw material base for beekeeping. There is mentioned the importance of permanent control over the content of dangerous toxicants, in particular chlororganic pesticides, in the bee honey and other beekeeping products in the article. The results of researching the content of residual amounts of persistent chlororganic pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichlormethylmethane (DDT) in samples of the sunflower honey which are taken from the bee farm of three administrative districts of Cherkasy region are presented. Significant pollution of the sunflower honey from the bee farm which is placed in the village of Novoselytsia by residual amounts of pesticides is detected, the concentration of the sum of metabolites and isomers DDT exceeding the maximum allowable standards in 1.3 to 2.3 times. It should be noted that the determined concentrations of the above mentioned pesticide in the soil (from 6.41 to 23.53 mcg/kg for the MRL is equal 100 mcg/kg) cannot be a source of significant pollution of bee honey. It is suggested that the reason for the xenobiotic entering to bee products through the biological cycle (soil – honey plant – honey) is the presence in the range of honey collection area of anonactive compound of toxic chemicals, which is a powerful source of toxicants, including pesticides into environmental objects. It is detected the direct correlation dependance between the content of pesticides in honey and their concentration in the soil (in the range from r=0.61 for the village of Stebne to r=0.98 for villages of Novoselytsia and Chervone). The importance of assessment of ecological risks of environmental pollution by pesticide residues was proved, since even a small concentration of a toxic substance in soil, water, air, nectar or pollen of honey plants often leads to massive damage and death of bees. It is noted that honey can be used as a suitable bioindicator for assessing the ecological risks of environmental pollution by toxic substances, including chlororganic pesticides.
{"title":"Ecological risks of pesticide pollution of beekeeping products","authors":"A. Lishchuk, І. Horodyska, N. Karachinska","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283697","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on the actuality of the ecological risks researching of pesticide pollution of agricultural soils, which are the feed and raw material base for beekeeping. There is mentioned the importance of permanent control over the content of dangerous toxicants, in particular chlororganic pesticides, in the bee honey and other beekeeping products in the article. The results of researching the content of residual amounts of persistent chlororganic pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichlormethylmethane (DDT) in samples of the sunflower honey which are taken from the bee farm of three administrative districts of Cherkasy region are presented. Significant pollution of the sunflower honey from the bee farm which is placed in the village of Novoselytsia by residual amounts of pesticides is detected, the concentration of the sum of metabolites and isomers DDT exceeding the maximum allowable standards in 1.3 to 2.3 times. It should be noted that the determined concentrations of the above mentioned pesticide in the soil (from 6.41 to 23.53 mcg/kg for the MRL is equal 100 mcg/kg) cannot be a source of significant pollution of bee honey. It is suggested that the reason for the xenobiotic entering to bee products through the biological cycle (soil – honey plant – honey) is the presence in the range of honey collection area of anonactive compound of toxic chemicals, which is a powerful source of toxicants, including pesticides into environmental objects. It is detected the direct correlation dependance between the content of pesticides in honey and their concentration in the soil (in the range from r=0.61 for the village of Stebne to r=0.98 for villages of Novoselytsia and Chervone). The importance of assessment of ecological risks of environmental pollution by pesticide residues was proved, since even a small concentration of a toxic substance in soil, water, air, nectar or pollen of honey plants often leads to massive damage and death of bees. It is noted that honey can be used as a suitable bioindicator for assessing the ecological risks of environmental pollution by toxic substances, including chlororganic pesticides.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276727
O. Bondarenko, Y. Nazarchuk
Landscaping of the South of Ukraine was and remains a topical issue, as it helps to solve a wide range of long-term or local problems: from economic to environmental. Both amateurs and, historically, professional institutions (nurseries, arboretums, botanical gardens, etc.) play a huge role in leveling the demand for trees, shrubs, and beautiful flowering herbs. Information about their work can be obtained from various sources, in particular — on the basis of collections of various institutions (including herbariums). Regional herbariums, due to the direction and capabilities of collectors, contain information on the appearance of new species and assortment of plants, including cultivated ones. This is important information, because a certain segment of plant species can become naturalized and spread outside the areas of cultivation, be a threat to the biodiversity of natural ecotopes. The object of research, in the Herbarium of ONU named after I.I. Mechnikov (MSUD) were herbarium sheets, the labels of which contained the inscription «School of Horticulture». It existed in Odesa for a certain time: from 1886 to (according to indirect information) 1929. There are 116 herbarium sheets for 88 species. The collectors were G.Y. Potapenko (meetings of 1917, 1923) and A. Kratinov (1919, 1920). For the authorship of G.Y. Potapenko currently has 101 ha. with 78 species from 36 families. For the species Vitis vinifera L., 20 h.a. are presented. with materials of different grades. The largest number of species and genera is found in the following families: Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Salicaceae, Aceraceae, Pinaceae. 22 families are monospecific. Among the life forms, the distribution is presented: 49 phanerophytes, 22 chamephytes, four species with transitional forms, three species — herbaceous plants. Sozophytes, with the category «exotic» are Ginkgo biloba L., Taxus baccata L. Only 19 species (24.36%) are adventive: one evapophyte, two ephemerophytes, five agrophytes, 11 ergasiophytes. According to the chronotype, chenophytes (16 species) prevail. According to the frequency of occurrence of tree–shrub species, currently in the flora of Odessa, the species are divided: 13 species occur «alone»; 14 — «occasionally», 24 — «often», 18 — «massively». There are also two herbarium sheets with an invasive species of North American origin, Acer negundo L., which has overcome the F-barrier on the territory of Ukraine. The gatherings of A. Kratinov are presented by 15 h.a. and 13 species from 11 families. Only two families (Oleaceae and Vitaceae) are represented by two species and genera each. Other families are monospecific. The spectrum of life forms includes three phanerophytes, one species with a transitional form, four chamephytes, and five types of herbaceous plants. 30.80% of species are synanthropic species: one agrophyte and evapophyte, two ergasiophytes. Herbarium materials contain valuable information, in particular for the introduction of new species in the regi
{"title":"Species of plants in Odesa School of Horticulture (XIX–XX centuries) (based on MSUD materials)","authors":"O. Bondarenko, Y. Nazarchuk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276727","url":null,"abstract":"Landscaping of the South of Ukraine was and remains a topical issue, as it helps to solve a wide range of long-term or local problems: from economic to environmental. Both amateurs and, historically, professional institutions (nurseries, arboretums, botanical gardens, etc.) play a huge role in leveling the demand for trees, shrubs, and beautiful flowering herbs. Information about their work can be obtained from various sources, in particular — on the basis of collections of various institutions (including herbariums). Regional herbariums, due to the direction and capabilities of collectors, contain information on the appearance of new species and assortment of plants, including cultivated ones. This is important information, because a certain segment of plant species can become naturalized and spread outside the areas of cultivation, be a threat to the biodiversity of natural ecotopes. The object of research, in the Herbarium of ONU named after I.I. Mechnikov (MSUD) were herbarium sheets, the labels of which contained the inscription «School of Horticulture». It existed in Odesa for a certain time: from 1886 to (according to indirect information) 1929. There are 116 herbarium sheets for 88 species. The collectors were G.Y. Potapenko (meetings of 1917, 1923) and A. Kratinov (1919, 1920). For the authorship of G.Y. Potapenko currently has 101 ha. with 78 species from 36 families. For the species Vitis vinifera L., 20 h.a. are presented. with materials of different grades. The largest number of species and genera is found in the following families: Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Salicaceae, Aceraceae, Pinaceae. 22 families are monospecific. Among the life forms, the distribution is presented: 49 phanerophytes, 22 chamephytes, four species with transitional forms, three species — herbaceous plants. Sozophytes, with the category «exotic» are Ginkgo biloba L., Taxus baccata L. Only 19 species (24.36%) are adventive: one evapophyte, two ephemerophytes, five agrophytes, 11 ergasiophytes. According to the chronotype, chenophytes (16 species) prevail. According to the frequency of occurrence of tree–shrub species, currently in the flora of Odessa, the species are divided: 13 species occur «alone»; 14 — «occasionally», 24 — «often», 18 — «massively». There are also two herbarium sheets with an invasive species of North American origin, Acer negundo L., which has overcome the F-barrier on the territory of Ukraine. The gatherings of A. Kratinov are presented by 15 h.a. and 13 species from 11 families. Only two families (Oleaceae and Vitaceae) are represented by two species and genera each. Other families are monospecific. The spectrum of life forms includes three phanerophytes, one species with a transitional form, four chamephytes, and five types of herbaceous plants. 30.80% of species are synanthropic species: one agrophyte and evapophyte, two ergasiophytes. Herbarium materials contain valuable information, in particular for the introduction of new species in the regi","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283691
O. Drebot, H. Oliinyk
This article is devoted to the conceptual framework for improving environmental and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities, the development of which is an urgent task in the context of constant changes in society and economy. The problem of the interrelation between economic development and environmental protection, as well as the issues of agricultural development and land use are considered. Rural territorial communities are key elements of the agricultural sector and country’s economy as a whole. Their development and effective management of resources require the application of conceptual foundations for the improvement of ecological and economic mechanisms. The article discusses the main approaches to the formation of environmental and economic mechanisms, including the conservation of natural resources, reduction of environmental impact and stimulation of the development of innovative technologies in land use. In particular, the role of innovations in preserving natural resources and reducing environmental impact is discussed, as well as the importance of creating incentives for the development of such technologies in rural communities. The article suggests ways to improve the efficiency of rural management and the development of local self-government. It emphasizes the need to increase the role of civil society in the decision-making process on rural development. In addition, the article addresses the issue of decentralization of rural management and the development of mechanisms that ensure balanced development of the territory and preserve natural resources. The paper identifies the need to develop an effective economic mechanism to support the development of rural communities. This involves the implementation of regulatory policies that stimulate the development of the agricultural sector and support rural communities. It is also important to provide adequate infrastructure for the development of agriculture and local businesses, including transportation, electricity, and Internet connections.
{"title":"Conceptual foundations for improving ecological and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities","authors":"O. Drebot, H. Oliinyk","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283691","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the conceptual framework for improving environmental and economic mechanisms for development of rural territorial communities, the development of which is an urgent task in the context of constant changes in society and economy. The problem of the interrelation between economic development and environmental protection, as well as the issues of agricultural development and land use are considered. Rural territorial communities are key elements of the agricultural sector and country’s economy as a whole. Their development and effective management of resources require the application of conceptual foundations for the improvement of ecological and economic mechanisms. The article discusses the main approaches to the formation of environmental and economic mechanisms, including the conservation of natural resources, reduction of environmental impact and stimulation of the development of innovative technologies in land use. In particular, the role of innovations in preserving natural resources and reducing environmental impact is discussed, as well as the importance of creating incentives for the development of such technologies in rural communities. The article suggests ways to improve the efficiency of rural management and the development of local self-government. It emphasizes the need to increase the role of civil society in the decision-making process on rural development. In addition, the article addresses the issue of decentralization of rural management and the development of mechanisms that ensure balanced development of the territory and preserve natural resources. The paper identifies the need to develop an effective economic mechanism to support the development of rural communities. This involves the implementation of regulatory policies that stimulate the development of the agricultural sector and support rural communities. It is also important to provide adequate infrastructure for the development of agriculture and local businesses, including transportation, electricity, and Internet connections.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83380149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276736
O. Savchuk, T. Prуіmachuk, O. Drebot, N. Tsuman, Yu. Ilyinsky
In the conditions of drained lands with unsatisfactory work of reclamation systems, in the Polissia zone it became possible to grow commercially attractive crops, in particular, such as winter rapeseed and corn for grain. A short-rotation crop rotation was analyzed: lupine — winter rapeseed — winter rye — corn, on the basis of which various variants of the fertilization system were studied, including by replacing litter manure with siderate and by-products of all crops in combination with the recommended for the zone and increased (intensive) mineral norms fertilizers. The goal of the task was to determine the optimal agrochemical support for grain crop rotation to obtain stable crop productivity and preserve soil fertility. It was noted that during the 2016–2020 research, during the growing season of agricultural crops, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter-long layer of drained sod-podzolic sandy soil decreased to 60–80 mm, that is, to a critical level. It was established that the overall productivity of the crop rotation depended on its saturation with corn, the grain yield of which was 6.01–7.13 t/ha on average over 5 years at different levels of organic and mineral nutrition. The highest yield of grain and fodder units from 1 ha of crop rotation area (4.23 and 4.52 tons, respectively) was obtained when by-products were applied together with an increased rate of mineral fertilizers (N67P84K91). It was established that the replacement of litter manure with the by-products of grain, leguminous and oilseed crops as an organic fertilizer, together with the use of the recommended (N45P56K61) and increased (N67P84K91) mineral fertilizer rates, does not reduce the productivity of crop rotation, ensures a deficit-free nitrogen balance and the annual accumulation of humus in the amount of 320 and 440 kg, respectively, which guarantees extended reproduction and increased soil fertility.
{"title":"Agroecological assessment of short crop rotation on sod-podzolic soil","authors":"O. Savchuk, T. Prуіmachuk, O. Drebot, N. Tsuman, Yu. Ilyinsky","doi":"10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2023.276736","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of drained lands with unsatisfactory work of reclamation systems, in the Polissia zone it became possible to grow commercially attractive crops, in particular, such as winter rapeseed and corn for grain. A short-rotation crop rotation was analyzed: lupine — winter rapeseed — winter rye — corn, on the basis of which various variants of the fertilization system were studied, including by replacing litter manure with siderate and by-products of all crops in combination with the recommended for the zone and increased (intensive) mineral norms fertilizers. The goal of the task was to determine the optimal agrochemical support for grain crop rotation to obtain stable crop productivity and preserve soil fertility. It was noted that during the 2016–2020 research, during the growing season of agricultural crops, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter-long layer of drained sod-podzolic sandy soil decreased to 60–80 mm, that is, to a critical level. It was established that the overall productivity of the crop rotation depended on its saturation with corn, the grain yield of which was 6.01–7.13 t/ha on average over 5 years at different levels of organic and mineral nutrition. The highest yield of grain and fodder units from 1 ha of crop rotation area (4.23 and 4.52 tons, respectively) was obtained when by-products were applied together with an increased rate of mineral fertilizers (N67P84K91). It was established that the replacement of litter manure with the by-products of grain, leguminous and oilseed crops as an organic fertilizer, together with the use of the recommended (N45P56K61) and increased (N67P84K91) mineral fertilizer rates, does not reduce the productivity of crop rotation, ensures a deficit-free nitrogen balance and the annual accumulation of humus in the amount of 320 and 440 kg, respectively, which guarantees extended reproduction and increased soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":7521,"journal":{"name":"Agroecological journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84964299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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