This prospective cohort study investigated the relationships between cumulative training loads measured in arbitrary units (AU), non‐training stress levels, and athletic injury risk in one team of male collegiate ice hockey players. Measures of athlete training load and non‐training stress were recorded each on‐ice session over one season. Daily load and stress sums were calculated for the two‐day and two‐week periods preceding each on‐ice session. Athletic injuries were also recorded, and odds ratio analyses were used to determine relationships between training load and injury risk, as well as non‐training stress and injury risk. Athletes who exerted training loads of 360 AU‐540 AU and of 540 AU‐1380 AU over 2 days experienced significantly greater odds of injury compared to athletes who exerted training loads <360 AU and <540 AU, respectively. This study concluded that as two‐day training load increases, so do the odds of injury in this sample. In an effort to reduce the odds of athletic injury, the monitoring of individual two‐day cumulative training load should be incorporated into the training programs of elite ice hockey players.
{"title":"Effects of training load and non‐training stress on injury risk in collegiate ice hockey players","authors":"Christian K. W. Mustapich, M. Koehle","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.297","url":null,"abstract":"This prospective cohort study investigated the relationships between cumulative training loads measured in arbitrary units (AU), non‐training stress levels, and athletic injury risk in one team of male collegiate ice hockey players. Measures of athlete training load and non‐training stress were recorded each on‐ice session over one season. Daily load and stress sums were calculated for the two‐day and two‐week periods preceding each on‐ice session. Athletic injuries were also recorded, and odds ratio analyses were used to determine relationships between training load and injury risk, as well as non‐training stress and injury risk. Athletes who exerted training loads of 360 AU‐540 AU and of 540 AU‐1380 AU over 2 days experienced significantly greater odds of injury compared to athletes who exerted training loads <360 AU and <540 AU, respectively. This study concluded that as two‐day training load increases, so do the odds of injury in this sample. In an effort to reduce the odds of athletic injury, the monitoring of individual two‐day cumulative training load should be incorporated into the training programs of elite ice hockey players.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Golka, Mark Spiller, N. Schmidt, Anna Turnowsky, Martin Grauduszus, J. Matthes, C. Joisten
Cardiovascular mortality risk is significantly increased by inactivity. Nevertheless, most patients with diabetes fail to achieve the recommended amount of weekly physical activity. Thus, strategies to establish and maintain an active lifestyle are required.
{"title":"The effect of structured aerobic exercise on adherence, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, and quality of life in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Max Golka, Mark Spiller, N. Schmidt, Anna Turnowsky, Martin Grauduszus, J. Matthes, C. Joisten","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.286","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular mortality risk is significantly increased by inactivity. Nevertheless, most patients with diabetes fail to achieve the recommended amount of weekly physical activity. Thus, strategies to establish and maintain an active lifestyle are required.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. T. Rafnsson, G. Myklebust, Ö. Valdimarsson, A. Arnason
In this prospective cohort study, the aim was to examine any association between pre‐season training load and overuse problems (OP) in low back, knee, and shoulder in Icelandic elite male handball players. A total of 139 players participated, answering the OSTRC overuse questionnaire weekly during a 6‐week period. The training volume and intensity were registered by the coaches. The average weekly OP prevalence for shoulder was 40% (95% CI 36% to 44%), for knee 33% (95% CI 28% to 38%), and for low back 31% (95% CI 26% to 36%). Substantial overuse problems (SOP) were 14% (95% CI 11% to 17%) for shoulder, 11% (95% CI 10% to 12%) for knee, and 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%) for low back. The knee was most susceptible for OP with weekly number of training and training hours associated with OP and SOP. For individual training factors, running (OP; OR = 1.30, SOP; OR = 1.59), and shooting practice (OP; OR = 1.82, SOP; OR = 3.22) had the highest associations for knee problems. Jumping was associated with OP in low back (OR = 4.55). Handball players are most susceptible for OP in knees during their pre‐season. Every week, 30% participated with (SOP), affecting their performance and participation.
{"title":"Association between training load, intensity, and overuse problems during pre‐season in Icelandic male handball","authors":"E. T. Rafnsson, G. Myklebust, Ö. Valdimarsson, A. Arnason","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.287","url":null,"abstract":"In this prospective cohort study, the aim was to examine any association between pre‐season training load and overuse problems (OP) in low back, knee, and shoulder in Icelandic elite male handball players. A total of 139 players participated, answering the OSTRC overuse questionnaire weekly during a 6‐week period. The training volume and intensity were registered by the coaches. The average weekly OP prevalence for shoulder was 40% (95% CI 36% to 44%), for knee 33% (95% CI 28% to 38%), and for low back 31% (95% CI 26% to 36%). Substantial overuse problems (SOP) were 14% (95% CI 11% to 17%) for shoulder, 11% (95% CI 10% to 12%) for knee, and 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%) for low back. The knee was most susceptible for OP with weekly number of training and training hours associated with OP and SOP. For individual training factors, running (OP; OR = 1.30, SOP; OR = 1.59), and shooting practice (OP; OR = 1.82, SOP; OR = 3.22) had the highest associations for knee problems. Jumping was associated with OP in low back (OR = 4.55). Handball players are most susceptible for OP in knees during their pre‐season. Every week, 30% participated with (SOP), affecting their performance and participation.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45924939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study determined the point prevalence and factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in retired Great Britain's (GB) Olympians. Six hundred and thirteen retired athletes completed a cross‐sectional survey. Prevalence of LBP (pain on most days in the past 4‐weeks) was 32.1%. LBP was associated with a prior significant low back injury [aOR 2.51; 95% CI, 1.60‐ 3.92, P < .001] and a change from a healthy to a high BMI [aOR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.46‐3.34, P < .001]. Fewer cases of LBP were reported in those with a moderate training volume [aOR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.48, P < .001] and those aged 75 years and older [aOR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.91, P = .022]. Chronic LBP (symptoms past ≥12‐weeks) was associated with a higher pain severity [aOR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.37. P = .031], widespread pain [aOR 2.62; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.99, P = .022], anxiety (aOR 2.99; 95% CI, 1.14‐7.80, P = .025), and depression [aOR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.08‐5.63, P = .031]. LBP is common in retired GB Olympians. Chronic symptoms were associated with features of central sensitization and imply that different pain mechanisms are involved in those with persistent symptoms. Strategies to promote health among retired athletes should consider the importance of psychological factors in the management of back pain.
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain in retired Great Britain’s Olympians: A cross‐sectional study","authors":"Dale J. Cooper, M. Batt, M. O’Hanlon, D. Palmer","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.284","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the point prevalence and factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in retired Great Britain's (GB) Olympians. Six hundred and thirteen retired athletes completed a cross‐sectional survey. Prevalence of LBP (pain on most days in the past 4‐weeks) was 32.1%. LBP was associated with a prior significant low back injury [aOR 2.51; 95% CI, 1.60‐ 3.92, P < .001] and a change from a healthy to a high BMI [aOR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.46‐3.34, P < .001]. Fewer cases of LBP were reported in those with a moderate training volume [aOR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.48, P < .001] and those aged 75 years and older [aOR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.91, P = .022]. Chronic LBP (symptoms past ≥12‐weeks) was associated with a higher pain severity [aOR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.37. P = .031], widespread pain [aOR 2.62; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.99, P = .022], anxiety (aOR 2.99; 95% CI, 1.14‐7.80, P = .025), and depression [aOR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.08‐5.63, P = .031]. LBP is common in retired GB Olympians. Chronic symptoms were associated with features of central sensitization and imply that different pain mechanisms are involved in those with persistent symptoms. Strategies to promote health among retired athletes should consider the importance of psychological factors in the management of back pain.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimberley Befus, M. McDonough, A. Räisänen, O. Owoeye, K. Pasanen, C. Emery
Neuromuscular training (NMT) warm‐up programs are effective in reducing injury rates in youth team sports, including basketball, with greater adherence improving their effectiveness in preventing injuries in sport. To understand player adherence to a SHRed Injuries Basketball NMT (SIB NMT) warm‐up, we developed and utilized an observational tool to assess NMT exercise fidelity and compared exercise fidelity in boys and girls. Reliable methods for use of the SHRED Injuries Basketball Observation Tool (SIB OT) were established through two rounds of training. The percent agreement between raters was 66.09% for round one and 68.63% for round two. Sixty‐six youth basketball players (20 male and 46 female; median age 16) performing the SIB NMT were filmed. Exercise fidelity was assessed from video clips using the SIB OT. Overall exercise fidelity scores were based on total score achieved/total score attempted x100. The mean exercise fidelity score for boys [x ̅ = 57.35% (95% CI 53%‐62%)] was lower than for girls [x ̅ = 65.51% (95% CI; 62%‐69%)] (t = −2.88, P = .0027). Future research should focus on implementation strategies to improve exercise fidelity for NMT warm‐up programs in youth sport and further examine the impact of exercise fidelity on the preventative effect of NMT warm‐ups in youth sport.
{"title":"Player adherence to SHRed injuries Basketball neuromuscular training warm‐up program: Can exercise fidelity be objectively measured?","authors":"Kimberley Befus, M. McDonough, A. Räisänen, O. Owoeye, K. Pasanen, C. Emery","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.285","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular training (NMT) warm‐up programs are effective in reducing injury rates in youth team sports, including basketball, with greater adherence improving their effectiveness in preventing injuries in sport. To understand player adherence to a SHRed Injuries Basketball NMT (SIB NMT) warm‐up, we developed and utilized an observational tool to assess NMT exercise fidelity and compared exercise fidelity in boys and girls. Reliable methods for use of the SHRED Injuries Basketball Observation Tool (SIB OT) were established through two rounds of training. The percent agreement between raters was 66.09% for round one and 68.63% for round two. Sixty‐six youth basketball players (20 male and 46 female; median age 16) performing the SIB NMT were filmed. Exercise fidelity was assessed from video clips using the SIB OT. Overall exercise fidelity scores were based on total score achieved/total score attempted x100. The mean exercise fidelity score for boys [x ̅ = 57.35% (95% CI 53%‐62%)] was lower than for girls [x ̅ = 65.51% (95% CI; 62%‐69%)] (t = −2.88, P = .0027). Future research should focus on implementation strategies to improve exercise fidelity for NMT warm‐up programs in youth sport and further examine the impact of exercise fidelity on the preventative effect of NMT warm‐ups in youth sport.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44386997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naoya Iida, Keigo Taniguchi, Kazuya Saizaki, S. Soma, H. Toda, M. Katayose
Previous cadaveric studies have identified effective stretching positions for the posterior shoulder capsules; however, it is unknown whether these stretching positions are also effective in overhead athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether passive tension was generated in the posterior shoulder capsules in baseball players during stretching positions identified in previous cadaveric studies. Fifteen male baseball players without prior shoulder injuries or surgeries participated in this study. We measured the shear moduli of the middle and inferior posterior capsules of the dominant shoulder in the resting (neutral shoulder internal/external rotation at 30 degrees of flexion) and stretching (maximal shoulder internal rotation at 30 degrees of scapular plane elevation (scaption)) positions using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The shear moduli of the middle posterior capsule were significantly higher in the stretching position than in the resting position (resting vs stretching: 20.9 vs 34.6 kPa, P < .001); however, there was no significant difference in the shear moduli between both positions in the inferior posterior capsule (22.3 vs 29.5 kPa, P = .120). Our results revealed that a large amount of passive tension is generated in the middle posterior capsule during shoulder internal rotation stretching at 30 degrees of scaption in overhead athletes.
先前的尸体研究已经确定了肩部后囊的有效拉伸位置；然而，尚不清楚这些伸展姿势是否对头顶运动员也有效。本研究旨在调查棒球运动员在先前尸体研究中确定的拉伸姿势中，后肩关节囊中是否产生被动张力。15名男性棒球运动员参与了这项研究，他们之前没有肩部受伤或做过手术。我们使用超声剪切波弹性成像测量了主肩在静息（30°屈曲时的中性肩内/外旋转）和拉伸（30°肩胛平面抬高（舟骨）时的最大肩内旋转）位置的中下后囊的剪切模量。中后囊的剪切模量在拉伸位置显著高于静止位置（静止与拉伸：20.9vs 34.6kPa，P<.001）；然而，下后囊膜中两个位置的剪切模量没有显著差异（22.3 vs 29.5kPa，P=.120）。我们的研究结果表明，在头顶运动员30度肩关节内旋转拉伸过程中，中后囊膜会产生大量被动张力。
{"title":"Elasticity of baseball players’ posterior shoulder capsule during internal rotation stretching at 30 degrees of scaption","authors":"Naoya Iida, Keigo Taniguchi, Kazuya Saizaki, S. Soma, H. Toda, M. Katayose","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.282","url":null,"abstract":"Previous cadaveric studies have identified effective stretching positions for the posterior shoulder capsules; however, it is unknown whether these stretching positions are also effective in overhead athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether passive tension was generated in the posterior shoulder capsules in baseball players during stretching positions identified in previous cadaveric studies. Fifteen male baseball players without prior shoulder injuries or surgeries participated in this study. We measured the shear moduli of the middle and inferior posterior capsules of the dominant shoulder in the resting (neutral shoulder internal/external rotation at 30 degrees of flexion) and stretching (maximal shoulder internal rotation at 30 degrees of scapular plane elevation (scaption)) positions using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The shear moduli of the middle posterior capsule were significantly higher in the stretching position than in the resting position (resting vs stretching: 20.9 vs 34.6 kPa, P < .001); however, there was no significant difference in the shear moduli between both positions in the inferior posterior capsule (22.3 vs 29.5 kPa, P = .120). Our results revealed that a large amount of passive tension is generated in the middle posterior capsule during shoulder internal rotation stretching at 30 degrees of scaption in overhead athletes.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48927185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Follmer, A. Varga, Konrad Byron Herrmann, Yao Sun, E. Zehr
We investigated static and dynamic balance in combat sport athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. MMA, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai athletes exposed (AE: n = 19; 14 men, 5 women; 30.2 ± 4.5 years; 1.76 ± 0.1 m; 75 ± 9.2 kg) to head impacts were compared to athletes non‐exposed (AnE: n = 25; 18 men, 7 women; 25.1 ± 3.2 years; 1.78 ± 0.1 m; 77.4 ± 10.3 kg), and control individuals (CON: n = 23, 13 men, 10 women; 25.5 ± 5.8 years; 1.75 ± 0.1m; 70.4 ± 12 kg). Static balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System, and dynamic function by center of pressure shift and reactive object tracking. A low‐cost balance board was used for both protocols. AE performed worse than CON (0.01 ± 0.006 vs 0.006 ± 0.003; P = .02, d = 0.75) in the ellipse area of sway for double‐leg stance in firm condition (F2,62 = 3.94, P = .02, η2 = 0.11). Static center of pressure and dynamic balance did not differ among groups. The integration of a balance board and a widely used clinical protocol unveiled differences in the ellipse area of static postural sway in the double‐leg stance over a firm surface in athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. The combined use of practical, objective, and clinically relevant test protocols is encouraged to detect lasting deficits in static and dynamic balance as a result of chronic exposure to repetitive head impacts.
我们调查了长期暴露于头部撞击的格斗运动运动员的静态和动态平衡。将MMA、拳击、跆拳道和泰拳运动员（AE：n=19；14名男性，5名女性；30.2±4.5岁；1.76±0.1 m；75±9.2 kg）与未暴露于头部撞击的运动员（AnE:n=25；18名男性，7名女性；25.1±3.2岁；1.78±0.1 m，77.4±10.3 kg）和对照组（CON:n=23，13名男性，10名女性；25.5±5.8岁；1.75±0.1米；70.4±12 kg）进行比较。使用平衡误差评分系统评估静态平衡，并通过压力偏移中心和反应物体跟踪来评估动态功能。两个协议都使用了低成本的平衡板。在坚实条件下，双腿站立时，AE在摆动椭圆区域的表现比CON差（0.01±0.006 vs 0.006±0.003；P=0.02，d=0.75）（F2,62=3.94，P=0.02，η2=0.11）。各组之间的静态压力中心和动态平衡没有差异。平衡板和广泛使用的临床方案的结合揭示了长期遭受头部撞击的运动员在坚实表面上双腿站立时静态姿势摆动的椭圆区域的差异。鼓励结合使用实用、客观和临床相关的测试方案，以检测由于长期暴露于重复性头部撞击而导致的静态和动态平衡的持久缺陷。
{"title":"Effects of chronic exposure to head impacts on the balance function of combat sports athletes","authors":"B. Follmer, A. Varga, Konrad Byron Herrmann, Yao Sun, E. Zehr","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.283","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated static and dynamic balance in combat sport athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. MMA, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai athletes exposed (AE: n = 19; 14 men, 5 women; 30.2 ± 4.5 years; 1.76 ± 0.1 m; 75 ± 9.2 kg) to head impacts were compared to athletes non‐exposed (AnE: n = 25; 18 men, 7 women; 25.1 ± 3.2 years; 1.78 ± 0.1 m; 77.4 ± 10.3 kg), and control individuals (CON: n = 23, 13 men, 10 women; 25.5 ± 5.8 years; 1.75 ± 0.1m; 70.4 ± 12 kg). Static balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System, and dynamic function by center of pressure shift and reactive object tracking. A low‐cost balance board was used for both protocols. AE performed worse than CON (0.01 ± 0.006 vs 0.006 ± 0.003; P = .02, d = 0.75) in the ellipse area of sway for double‐leg stance in firm condition (F2,62 = 3.94, P = .02, η2 = 0.11). Static center of pressure and dynamic balance did not differ among groups. The integration of a balance board and a widely used clinical protocol unveiled differences in the ellipse area of static postural sway in the double‐leg stance over a firm surface in athletes chronically exposed to head impacts. The combined use of practical, objective, and clinically relevant test protocols is encouraged to detect lasting deficits in static and dynamic balance as a result of chronic exposure to repetitive head impacts.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Flemming Ravn Merkel, Y. Hellsten, S. Magnusson, M. Kjaer
Physical exercise results in a duration and intensity‐dependent vascular response in healthy human tendon. In overused (tendinopathy) and damaged tendon, angiogenic pathways are activated and neovascularization is observed. Whereas no direct relationship exists between the amount of neovessels and degree of tendinopathy symptoms, almost all tendinopathic patients have elevated neovascularization and tendon blood flow, as assessed by Doppler ultrasound methodology. The enhanced flow in tendinopathy can be successfully abolished by heavy resistance training. Already in the early time‐phase of tendinopathy (<3 months), neovascularization in the tendon exists but the causal sequence of vascular, metabolic, nociceptive, and matrix tissue changes in tendon pathology is not fully understood. Nevertheless, existing evidences point at neovascularization being an important component of pathogenesis and may occur already before the development of clinical symptoms in tendinopathy.
{"title":"Tendon blood flow, angiogenesis, and tendinopathy pathogenesis","authors":"Max Flemming Ravn Merkel, Y. Hellsten, S. Magnusson, M. Kjaer","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.280","url":null,"abstract":"Physical exercise results in a duration and intensity‐dependent vascular response in healthy human tendon. In overused (tendinopathy) and damaged tendon, angiogenic pathways are activated and neovascularization is observed. Whereas no direct relationship exists between the amount of neovessels and degree of tendinopathy symptoms, almost all tendinopathic patients have elevated neovascularization and tendon blood flow, as assessed by Doppler ultrasound methodology. The enhanced flow in tendinopathy can be successfully abolished by heavy resistance training. Already in the early time‐phase of tendinopathy (<3 months), neovascularization in the tendon exists but the causal sequence of vascular, metabolic, nociceptive, and matrix tissue changes in tendon pathology is not fully understood. Nevertheless, existing evidences point at neovascularization being an important component of pathogenesis and may occur already before the development of clinical symptoms in tendinopathy.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. B. Sørensen, M. Rathleff, Benjamin John Floyd Dean, E. Oei, S. Magnusson, J. Olesen, S. Holden
This systematic review aimed to describe the imaging characteristics of Osgood‐Schlatter (OSD) compared with controls and imaging findings over time. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed from inception until July 2021. Forty studies were eligible and included based on inclusion criteria on OSD diagnosis, the number of patients, and imaging outcomes. In patients with OSD, but not controls, findings were soft‐tissue swelling of the cartilage and infrapatellar bursa, tendon changes, increased Doppler flow, and fragmentation of the secondary ossification center. Follow‐up studies reported improvements over time, but some identified persistent tendon thickening and/or ossicles. Adults with OSD generally present with free ossicles. Findings were inconsistent on whether different morphometric features were altered in OSD compared to controls. OSD patients were classified within the early stages of tibial tuberosity maturation. This review documents that OSD presents with tissue alterations that do not appear in controls or the patient's asymptomatic knee. Notably, a large portion had tendon involvement, and ossicles seem to be associated with residual symptoms after maturation. Standard imaging of adolescents with OSD needs to be carefully considered when determining if tissue alterations are related to disease progression or part of the normal maturation.
{"title":"A systematic review of imaging findings in patients with Osgood‐Schlatter disease","authors":"L. B. Sørensen, M. Rathleff, Benjamin John Floyd Dean, E. Oei, S. Magnusson, J. Olesen, S. Holden","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.281","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review aimed to describe the imaging characteristics of Osgood‐Schlatter (OSD) compared with controls and imaging findings over time. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed from inception until July 2021. Forty studies were eligible and included based on inclusion criteria on OSD diagnosis, the number of patients, and imaging outcomes. In patients with OSD, but not controls, findings were soft‐tissue swelling of the cartilage and infrapatellar bursa, tendon changes, increased Doppler flow, and fragmentation of the secondary ossification center. Follow‐up studies reported improvements over time, but some identified persistent tendon thickening and/or ossicles. Adults with OSD generally present with free ossicles. Findings were inconsistent on whether different morphometric features were altered in OSD compared to controls. OSD patients were classified within the early stages of tibial tuberosity maturation. This review documents that OSD presents with tissue alterations that do not appear in controls or the patient's asymptomatic knee. Notably, a large portion had tendon involvement, and ossicles seem to be associated with residual symptoms after maturation. Standard imaging of adolescents with OSD needs to be carefully considered when determining if tissue alterations are related to disease progression or part of the normal maturation.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2021-04-28DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.254
Devon A Dobrosielski, Karla Kubitz, Hyunjeong Park, Susheel P Patil, Christopher Papandreou
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity due, in part, to impaired vascular function. Exercise confers cardioprotection by improving vascular health. Yet, whether OSA severity affects the vascular improvements conferred with exercise training is not known. Overweight (body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m2) adults were evaluated for OSA and enrolled in a six-week exercise intervention. Baseline assessments of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), central augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were repeated post training. Fifty-one participants (25 men; 26 women) completed the study. Despite improved aerobic capacity (p=0.0005) and total fat mass (p=0.0005), no change in vascular function was observed. Participants were divided into two severity groups according to their baseline total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as either 5 to 14.9 events•hr-1 (n= 21; Age=48 ± 7 yrs; BMI=33.7 ± 4.6kg•m-2) or 15 ≥events•hr-1 (n=30; Age=56 ± 13 yrs; BMI = 34.3 ± 4.2 kg•m-2). No effect of OSA group was observed for BAFMD (p=0.82), AIx (p=0.37) or PWV (p=0.44), suggesting that OSA severity does not influence the effect of exercise on vascular function. The vascular effects of extended exercise programs of greater intensity in overweight OSA patients should be examined.
{"title":"The effects of exercise training on vascular function among overweight adults with obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Devon A Dobrosielski, Karla Kubitz, Hyunjeong Park, Susheel P Patil, Christopher Papandreou","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity due, in part, to impaired vascular function. Exercise confers cardioprotection by improving vascular health. Yet, whether OSA severity affects the vascular improvements conferred with exercise training is not known. Overweight (body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) adults were evaluated for OSA and enrolled in a six-week exercise intervention. Baseline assessments of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), central augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were repeated post training. Fifty-one participants (25 men; 26 women) completed the study. Despite improved aerobic capacity (p=0.0005) and total fat mass (p=0.0005), no change in vascular function was observed. Participants were divided into two severity groups according to their baseline total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as either 5 to 14.9 events•hr<sup>-1</sup> (n= 21; Age=48 ± 7 yrs; BMI=33.7 ± 4.6kg•m<sup>-2</sup>) or 15 ≥events•hr<sup>-1</sup> (n=30; Age=56 ± 13 yrs; BMI = 34.3 ± 4.2 kg•m<sup>-2</sup>). No effect of OSA group was observed for BAFMD (p=0.82), AIx (p=0.37) or PWV (p=0.44), suggesting that OSA severity does not influence the effect of exercise on vascular function. The vascular effects of extended exercise programs of greater intensity in overweight OSA patients should be examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39934210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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