M. M. Jakobsen, R. H. Nygaard, J. Hojbjerg, J. Larsen
Overuse injuries in sports are common and include stress fracture and musculoskeletal inflammation. Vitamin D is important in bone metabolism and exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and it may be protective against those injuries. The objective was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and sport injuries. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We used systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Sportdiscus until the 28th of June 2020. We included observational and randomized studies assessing vitamin D status. Sport injuries were defined as stress fractures or musculoskeletal injuries. A meta‐analysis was performed with stress fracture as outcome. In total 16 articles were included, 7 investigating stress fractures, and 9 investigating musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding stress fractures, serum vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL appeared to be associated with an increased risk of stress fractures, and the meta‐analysis showed increased odds ratio for stress fracture with vitamin D insufficiency. Regarding musculoskeletal injuries only two studies found that low serum vitamin D levels were associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with an enhanced risk of stress fractures, while no conclusion can be made regarding musculoskeletal injuries.
{"title":"The association between vitamin D status and overuse sport injuries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"M. M. Jakobsen, R. H. Nygaard, J. Hojbjerg, J. Larsen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.269","url":null,"abstract":"Overuse injuries in sports are common and include stress fracture and musculoskeletal inflammation. Vitamin D is important in bone metabolism and exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and it may be protective against those injuries. The objective was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and sport injuries. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We used systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Sportdiscus until the 28th of June 2020. We included observational and randomized studies assessing vitamin D status. Sport injuries were defined as stress fractures or musculoskeletal injuries. A meta‐analysis was performed with stress fracture as outcome. In total 16 articles were included, 7 investigating stress fractures, and 9 investigating musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding stress fractures, serum vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL appeared to be associated with an increased risk of stress fractures, and the meta‐analysis showed increased odds ratio for stress fracture with vitamin D insufficiency. Regarding musculoskeletal injuries only two studies found that low serum vitamin D levels were associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with an enhanced risk of stress fractures, while no conclusion can be made regarding musculoskeletal injuries.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuromuscular exercises are essential components of successful sport injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. Neuromuscular training (NMT) aims to improve neuromuscular control and functional joint stability, and above all, it aims to enhance or relearn sportspecific movement patterns and skills. Typically, NMT programs consist of strength training, balance exercises, jump training, and sportspecific exercises (such as running, change of direction technique, and agility drills). Neuromuscular training has been shown to be effective in injury prevention in youth and adult team sports.1,2 Across different team sports, regular NMT has reduced the occurrence of both acute and overuse musculoskeletal injuries. In addition, a recent study in youth rugby suggested that NMT can also decrease the risk of concussion.3 According to recent systematic reviews, the vast majority of sport injury prevention studies have focused on team sports.1,2,4 The most frequently studied sports are soccer, rugby, American football, basketball, and ice hockey.4 Injuries in team sports primarily affect the lower extremities (LE). Sudden changes of direction while running, sidestep cutting, and jump landings are typical situations in which acute LE injuries, specifically ankle and knee ligament injuries, may occur. Overuse LE injuries, such as Achilles and patellar tendinopathies are also common in team sports, most likely because players frequently make sudden sidecuts, stops, direction changes, and jump landings— all producing intensive, repetitive loading on the Achilles and patellar tendons. Consequently, the primary aim of NMT injury prevention programs in team sports is to improve athletes’ movement control, movement quality, and ultimately reduce highrisk loading of joints and tendons during highintensity cutting, direction change, and landing maneuvers. Despite high levels of evidence in favor of NMT in team sports, research of NMT for many popular and injuryprone individual sports is still lacking. Since injury prevention in running and pivoting team sports is successful by weekly NMT participation, this prevention strategy is likely to also be effective in running and pivoting individual sports as well (eg, dance, gymnastics, running, badminton, tennis). A recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated injury prevention by NMT in adult recreational tennis players.5 This study revealed that this tennisspecific NMT program was not effective in injury prevention. However, the NMT program used in this study was unsupervised and adherence to NMT was not optimal. NMT and other sport injury prevention strategies can reduce the number of injuries, but only if they are properly used by athletes. Another recently published RCT revealed that a novel footcore muscle strengthening program was effective in prevention of runningrelated injuries in recreational runners.6 Runners randomized to the footcore strengthening group had 2.4fold lower rate of running
{"title":"Neuromuscular training and sport injury prevention in different types of sports—What we know and what we do not know?","authors":"K. Pasanen","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.275","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular exercises are essential components of successful sport injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. Neuromuscular training (NMT) aims to improve neuromuscular control and functional joint stability, and above all, it aims to enhance or relearn sportspecific movement patterns and skills. Typically, NMT programs consist of strength training, balance exercises, jump training, and sportspecific exercises (such as running, change of direction technique, and agility drills). Neuromuscular training has been shown to be effective in injury prevention in youth and adult team sports.1,2 Across different team sports, regular NMT has reduced the occurrence of both acute and overuse musculoskeletal injuries. In addition, a recent study in youth rugby suggested that NMT can also decrease the risk of concussion.3 According to recent systematic reviews, the vast majority of sport injury prevention studies have focused on team sports.1,2,4 The most frequently studied sports are soccer, rugby, American football, basketball, and ice hockey.4 Injuries in team sports primarily affect the lower extremities (LE). Sudden changes of direction while running, sidestep cutting, and jump landings are typical situations in which acute LE injuries, specifically ankle and knee ligament injuries, may occur. Overuse LE injuries, such as Achilles and patellar tendinopathies are also common in team sports, most likely because players frequently make sudden sidecuts, stops, direction changes, and jump landings— all producing intensive, repetitive loading on the Achilles and patellar tendons. Consequently, the primary aim of NMT injury prevention programs in team sports is to improve athletes’ movement control, movement quality, and ultimately reduce highrisk loading of joints and tendons during highintensity cutting, direction change, and landing maneuvers. Despite high levels of evidence in favor of NMT in team sports, research of NMT for many popular and injuryprone individual sports is still lacking. Since injury prevention in running and pivoting team sports is successful by weekly NMT participation, this prevention strategy is likely to also be effective in running and pivoting individual sports as well (eg, dance, gymnastics, running, badminton, tennis). A recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated injury prevention by NMT in adult recreational tennis players.5 This study revealed that this tennisspecific NMT program was not effective in injury prevention. However, the NMT program used in this study was unsupervised and adherence to NMT was not optimal. NMT and other sport injury prevention strategies can reduce the number of injuries, but only if they are properly used by athletes. Another recently published RCT revealed that a novel footcore muscle strengthening program was effective in prevention of runningrelated injuries in recreational runners.6 Runners randomized to the footcore strengthening group had 2.4fold lower rate of running","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khodaee, B. Irion, J. Spittler, A. Saeedi, M. Hoffman
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with ultramarathon running is varied partially because onsite measurement of serum creatinine concentration (Cr) is rarely performed at races due to logistical challenges. We conducted a prospective observational study using blood samples from volunteer athletes before and immediately after the Leadville Trail 100 Run in August 2014. The goals of our study were to determine the incidence of those meeting the AKI criteria immediately following the ultramarathon race and to evaluate the utility of using medical equations to back‐calculate creatinine levels for runners without known baseline creatinine levels and to identify possible risk factors for developing AKI. We were able to collect pre‐race and post‐race blood samples on 64 and 84 volunteers, respectively. AKI was defined as a Cr increase (≥1.5 times or ≥0.3 mg/dl from baseline). Of the 37 runners for whom we had both pre‐ and post‐race blood samples, 18 (49%) met the criteria for AKI. Using two different methods of back‐calculating baseline estimated creatinine (a fixed eGFR [estimated glomerular filtration rate] and an aged‐based eGFR), 6 (16%) and 22 (59%) of 37 runners met the criteria for AKI, respectively. We found that there is no accurate way to estimate baseline Cr in this population.
{"title":"Characteristics of runners meeting acute kidney injury criteria following a 161‐km ultramarathon","authors":"M. Khodaee, B. Irion, J. Spittler, A. Saeedi, M. Hoffman","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.276","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with ultramarathon running is varied partially because onsite measurement of serum creatinine concentration (Cr) is rarely performed at races due to logistical challenges. We conducted a prospective observational study using blood samples from volunteer athletes before and immediately after the Leadville Trail 100 Run in August 2014. The goals of our study were to determine the incidence of those meeting the AKI criteria immediately following the ultramarathon race and to evaluate the utility of using medical equations to back‐calculate creatinine levels for runners without known baseline creatinine levels and to identify possible risk factors for developing AKI. We were able to collect pre‐race and post‐race blood samples on 64 and 84 volunteers, respectively. AKI was defined as a Cr increase (≥1.5 times or ≥0.3 mg/dl from baseline). Of the 37 runners for whom we had both pre‐ and post‐race blood samples, 18 (49%) met the criteria for AKI. Using two different methods of back‐calculating baseline estimated creatinine (a fixed eGFR [estimated glomerular filtration rate] and an aged‐based eGFR), 6 (16%) and 22 (59%) of 37 runners met the criteria for AKI, respectively. We found that there is no accurate way to estimate baseline Cr in this population.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43593128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mitra, M. Djerboua, Sheharzad Mahmood, Sebastiaan Staudt, A. Nettel-Aguirre, K. Russell, J. Caird, D. Chisholm, Chris Lane, C. Emery, B. Hagel
Skiing and snowboarding are risky sports, and the risk is often highest among youth. This study assesses the reliability of a Risky Behaviour and Actions Assessment Tool (RBAAT) in young, novice skiers and snowboarders. RBAAT was developed based on literature, communication with experts, and the Alpine Responsibility Code. Video footage was collected for 90‐minute periods in the beginner area of the ski hill. A snowboard coach created and rated 100 video clips containing risky or non‐risky behaviors. A ski patroller and a former ski instructor independently rated each video using the RBAAT and came to a final decision with the snowboard coach. Two RAs then used the RBAAT to assess behaviors among novice youth skiing and snowboarding at the ski hill. Percent agreement and kappa coefficients (95% CI) were calculated comparing the RA video ratings to the consensus and for the RA on‐hill ratings. Comparing RA ratings with the consensus for any risky behavior in the video, there was 91.00% agreement (kappa: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66‐0.92). There was 91.63% agreement for any risky behavior seen on the hill between RAs (kappa: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68‐0.87). The RBAAT was reproducible for assessing risky ski and snowboard behaviors among beginner children.
{"title":"The evaluation of a risky behavior tool in novice pediatric skiers and snowboarders","authors":"T. Mitra, M. Djerboua, Sheharzad Mahmood, Sebastiaan Staudt, A. Nettel-Aguirre, K. Russell, J. Caird, D. Chisholm, Chris Lane, C. Emery, B. Hagel","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.273","url":null,"abstract":"Skiing and snowboarding are risky sports, and the risk is often highest among youth. This study assesses the reliability of a Risky Behaviour and Actions Assessment Tool (RBAAT) in young, novice skiers and snowboarders. RBAAT was developed based on literature, communication with experts, and the Alpine Responsibility Code. Video footage was collected for 90‐minute periods in the beginner area of the ski hill. A snowboard coach created and rated 100 video clips containing risky or non‐risky behaviors. A ski patroller and a former ski instructor independently rated each video using the RBAAT and came to a final decision with the snowboard coach. Two RAs then used the RBAAT to assess behaviors among novice youth skiing and snowboarding at the ski hill. Percent agreement and kappa coefficients (95% CI) were calculated comparing the RA video ratings to the consensus and for the RA on‐hill ratings. Comparing RA ratings with the consensus for any risky behavior in the video, there was 91.00% agreement (kappa: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66‐0.92). There was 91.63% agreement for any risky behavior seen on the hill between RAs (kappa: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68‐0.87). The RBAAT was reproducible for assessing risky ski and snowboard behaviors among beginner children.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46552056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mitra, M. Djerboua, A. Nettel-Aguirre, K. Russell, J. Caird, C. Goulet, Sheharzad Mahmood, G. McCormack, B. Rowe, E. Verhagen, C. Emery, B. Hagel
It is believed youth snow‐sports injuries are preventable through adequate safety education. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a ski and snowboard injury prevention video on youth safety knowledge. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among grade 2‐9 students participating in a ski‐snowboard school program. The intervention group watched a new injury prevention video. The control group watched the general ski‐area orientation video. Students completed a 15‐question ski‐snowboard safety test before, immediately after, and one month after viewing. Within‐subject difference between the pre‐ and post‐questionnaire scores was calculated. Linear mixed‐effects model assessed difference in knowledge change scores. 1034 students (seven intervention; 10 control schools) were enrolled. Pre‐ to‐post‐test knowledge increased by an average of 1.91 in the intervention (n = 388) and 0.10 points in the control (n = 646). The difference between the immediate and one‐month post‐test was 0.17 for the intervention (n = 122) and 0.60 for the control (n = 130). The mean change score for the immediate post‐test was greater in the intervention (1.77; 95% CI: 1.52‐2.03). The mean change score between the immediate and one‐month post‐test was lower (−0.55; 95% CI: −1.07 to 0.02) for the intervention compared with the control. The findings showed a ski‐snowboard safety video can increase knowledge immediately after viewing within a school‐aged population.
{"title":"The effect of a ski and snowboard injury prevention video on safety knowledge in children and adolescents","authors":"T. Mitra, M. Djerboua, A. Nettel-Aguirre, K. Russell, J. Caird, C. Goulet, Sheharzad Mahmood, G. McCormack, B. Rowe, E. Verhagen, C. Emery, B. Hagel","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.272","url":null,"abstract":"It is believed youth snow‐sports injuries are preventable through adequate safety education. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a ski and snowboard injury prevention video on youth safety knowledge. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among grade 2‐9 students participating in a ski‐snowboard school program. The intervention group watched a new injury prevention video. The control group watched the general ski‐area orientation video. Students completed a 15‐question ski‐snowboard safety test before, immediately after, and one month after viewing. Within‐subject difference between the pre‐ and post‐questionnaire scores was calculated. Linear mixed‐effects model assessed difference in knowledge change scores. 1034 students (seven intervention; 10 control schools) were enrolled. Pre‐ to‐post‐test knowledge increased by an average of 1.91 in the intervention (n = 388) and 0.10 points in the control (n = 646). The difference between the immediate and one‐month post‐test was 0.17 for the intervention (n = 122) and 0.60 for the control (n = 130). The mean change score for the immediate post‐test was greater in the intervention (1.77; 95% CI: 1.52‐2.03). The mean change score between the immediate and one‐month post‐test was lower (−0.55; 95% CI: −1.07 to 0.02) for the intervention compared with the control. The findings showed a ski‐snowboard safety video can increase knowledge immediately after viewing within a school‐aged population.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Individuals with sarcoidosis are at risk of deconditioning and heightened non‐communicable diseases through decreased muscle strength and physical activity. This systematic review analyzed published data to provide an overview of the associations of physical activity and physical fitness with sarcoidosis. A systematic search of PubMed and ScienceDirect, was conducted in April 2021 following PRISMA guidelines, to determine the association of sarcoidosis with levels of physical activity and fitness. Experimental studies of patients with sarcoidosis where cardio‐respiratory capacity, physical activity and/or muscle strength were measured were selected. Twenty‐one trials with 1442 participants met the inclusion criteria. Studies (published between 1986 and 2018) found reduced cardio‐respiratory capacity (n = 17), physical activity levels (n = 2) and muscle strength (n = 8) within sarcoidosis patients, with those experiencing fatigue affected more than non‐fatigued. Physical activity is reduced in sarcoidosis compared to normative values, including sedentary healthy individuals. In addition, muscle strength and cardio‐respiratory capacity/fitness are reduced, with individuals affected by fatigue. Three clinical exercise‐intervention trials demonstrated improved muscle strength and 6‐minute walk distance alongside decreased fatigue ratings. The deconditioning effects of sarcoidosis, in addition to associated symptoms, can be overcome/improved by exercise. Further well‐designed trials with exercise prescription are needed to establish standardized exercise recommendations specific to sarcoidosis.
{"title":"A systematic review of physical activity and physical fitness in sarcoidosis","authors":"L. Morton-Holtham, N. Swann, J. Brewer, H. Moir","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.278","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with sarcoidosis are at risk of deconditioning and heightened non‐communicable diseases through decreased muscle strength and physical activity. This systematic review analyzed published data to provide an overview of the associations of physical activity and physical fitness with sarcoidosis. A systematic search of PubMed and ScienceDirect, was conducted in April 2021 following PRISMA guidelines, to determine the association of sarcoidosis with levels of physical activity and fitness. Experimental studies of patients with sarcoidosis where cardio‐respiratory capacity, physical activity and/or muscle strength were measured were selected. Twenty‐one trials with 1442 participants met the inclusion criteria. Studies (published between 1986 and 2018) found reduced cardio‐respiratory capacity (n = 17), physical activity levels (n = 2) and muscle strength (n = 8) within sarcoidosis patients, with those experiencing fatigue affected more than non‐fatigued. Physical activity is reduced in sarcoidosis compared to normative values, including sedentary healthy individuals. In addition, muscle strength and cardio‐respiratory capacity/fitness are reduced, with individuals affected by fatigue. Three clinical exercise‐intervention trials demonstrated improved muscle strength and 6‐minute walk distance alongside decreased fatigue ratings. The deconditioning effects of sarcoidosis, in addition to associated symptoms, can be overcome/improved by exercise. Further well‐designed trials with exercise prescription are needed to establish standardized exercise recommendations specific to sarcoidosis.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41971060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joyce P. M. Versteeg, K. Thijs, N. Zuithoff, F. Backx, B. Huisstede
Although muscle flexibility is considered to be a risk factor for hamstring‐and‐lower back injuries (HLB‐injuries) in male soccer players, it is unclear whether this is true for elite female soccer players.
{"title":"Hamstring‐and‐lower‐back flexibility is not related to hamstring‐and‐lower‐back injuries in elite female soccer players","authors":"Joyce P. M. Versteeg, K. Thijs, N. Zuithoff, F. Backx, B. Huisstede","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.274","url":null,"abstract":"Although muscle flexibility is considered to be a risk factor for hamstring‐and‐lower back injuries (HLB‐injuries) in male soccer players, it is unclear whether this is true for elite female soccer players.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isobel Jacob, G. Jones, P. Francis, Mark I. Johnson
It is not known whether different leg positions influence measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether extension or flexion of the leg affected measurements of muscle morphology in the vastus lateralis. Thirty‐two male professional football players participated in the study. B mode ultrasound (LOGIQ e, GE Healthcare, United States) was used to capture images of the vastus lateralis from the dominant leg of each participant when their leg was (a) extended at the knee and (b) flexed at the knee by 90 degrees. Data were analyzed using paired t tests. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were greater when the leg was extended (2.43 ± 0.18cm vs 2.36 ± 0.17 cm; t(31) = 2.76, P < .010; 18.47 ± 1.18° vs 16.87 ± 1.14°; t(31) = 7.59, P < .001, respectively). Fascicle length was greater when the leg was in flexion (9.87 ± 0.53 cm, flexion vs 9.04 ± 0.92 cm; t(31) = −7.652, P < .001). The intra‐rater reliability of the investigator was assessed using a 2‐way mixed‐effects model. In conclusion, leg position affects measurements of muscle morphology in vastus lateralis; this should be considered when comparing findings between studies.
目前尚不清楚不同的腿部位置是否会影响肌肉厚度、束角和束长度的测量。本研究的主要目的是确定腿部的伸展或屈曲是否影响股外侧肌的肌肉形态测量。32名男性职业足球运动员参与了这项研究。当每个参与者的腿（a）在膝盖处伸展，（B）在膝盖弯曲90度时，使用B模式超声（LOGIQ e，GE Healthcare，美国）从他们的主腿捕获股外侧肌的图像。数据采用配对t检验进行分析。当腿伸展时，肌肉厚度和收缩角更大（2.43±0.18cm vs 2.36±0.17cm；t（31）=2.76，P<.010；18.47±1.18°vs 16.87±1.14°；t（31）=7.59，P＜0.001）。当腿屈曲时，筋膜长度更大（9.87±0.53 cm，屈曲vs 9.04±0.92 cm；t（31）=-7.652，P<.001）。使用双向混合效应模型评估研究者的评分者内可靠性。总之，腿的位置影响股外侧肌的肌肉形态测量；在比较研究结果时应考虑这一点。
{"title":"The effect of limb position on measured values of vastus lateralis muscle morphology using B Mode ultrasound","authors":"Isobel Jacob, G. Jones, P. Francis, Mark I. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/tsm2.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.271","url":null,"abstract":"It is not known whether different leg positions influence measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether extension or flexion of the leg affected measurements of muscle morphology in the vastus lateralis. Thirty‐two male professional football players participated in the study. B mode ultrasound (LOGIQ e, GE Healthcare, United States) was used to capture images of the vastus lateralis from the dominant leg of each participant when their leg was (a) extended at the knee and (b) flexed at the knee by 90 degrees. Data were analyzed using paired t tests. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were greater when the leg was extended (2.43 ± 0.18cm vs 2.36 ± 0.17 cm; t(31) = 2.76, P < .010; 18.47 ± 1.18° vs 16.87 ± 1.14°; t(31) = 7.59, P < .001, respectively). Fascicle length was greater when the leg was in flexion (9.87 ± 0.53 cm, flexion vs 9.04 ± 0.92 cm; t(31) = −7.652, P < .001). The intra‐rater reliability of the investigator was assessed using a 2‐way mixed‐effects model. In conclusion, leg position affects measurements of muscle morphology in vastus lateralis; this should be considered when comparing findings between studies.","PeriodicalId":75247,"journal":{"name":"Translational sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/tsm2.271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47957301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Léonie Verbeke, Catarina Brito Carvalho, Noémie Ampe, K. Peers, S. Bogaerts
To evaluate whether an adapted exercise regimen changes the intratendinous behavior of the Achilles tendon, comparing 2 variations of mechanical loading exercises: (i) heel drop with dorsiflexion (DF) and (ii) heel drop without dorsiflexion (N). Nineteen participants, 11 men and 8 women, mean age of 28 years, were included in the study. An ultrasound‐based speckle tracking technique was used to measure the mean local tendon tissue displacement of the different layers of the Achilles tendon during exercises DF and N. During acquisition, the edge of the calcaneus was always in sight at the outer edge of the image, leaving the rest of the image filled with pre‐insertional Achilles tendon. All statistics were performed using SPSS. During DF, there was a significantly greater displacement of the Achilles tendon than during N: 3.46 mm vs 2.61mm (P < .05). The amount of non‐uniformity, that is, the relative difference in displacement between tendon layers, between both groups (DF and N) showed no significant difference. Changing the exercise regimen in accordance to the location of the structural abnormalities in the Achilles tendon (eg, insertional vs midportion) may have better clinical outcomes in comparison with the “one size fits all” eccentric heel drop.
为了评估适应性运动方案是否会改变跟腱的腱内行为，我们比较了两种不同的机械负荷运动:(i)与背屈的脚跟下降(DF)和(ii)无背屈的脚跟下降(N)。研究纳入了19名参与者，11名男性和8名女性，平均年龄28岁。超声斑点跟踪技术用于测量DF和n运动期间跟腱不同层的平均局部肌腱组织位移。在采集过程中，跟骨的边缘始终在图像的外缘可见，而图像的其余部分则被插入前的跟腱填充。所有数据均采用SPSS统计软件进行统计。DF组跟腱移位量明显大于N组:3.46 mm vs 2.61mm (P < 0.05)。两组(DF组和N组)的不均匀度，即肌腱层之间位移的相对差异，无显著差异。根据跟腱结构异常的位置改变运动方案(例如，插入或中间部分)可能比“一刀切”的偏心后跟下降有更好的临床效果。
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