Translational sports medicine最新文献

Meniscal tear repair has become the gold standard modality for treating different types of meniscal tears. Despite the availability of numerous repair techniques, the ideal approach remains unclear, especially for complex and irreparable tears. Recently, innovative techniques have emerged to address these challenges, including hybrid/salvage techniques, meniscal scaffolds, and the introduction of biologics as part of the treatment. However, to date, no comprehensive review has provided an overview of the latter adjuncts to surgical intervention and aid in the management of irreparable meniscal tears. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the most common meniscal tear repair techniques, with a particular emphasis on the latest advancements in hybrid and salvage strategies. In addition, we will explore the role of biologics, including platelet-rich plasma and stem cells, in enhancing repair outcomes and assisting less experienced surgeons in treating complex, irreparable tears.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/tsm2/1176787.].

Purpose: This study investigated effects of delayed initial loading in comparison to a standard regime following an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) on tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat infiltration by using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) measurements. Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Forty-eight patients with an ATR were randomized to a Standard regime with weight-bearing after 6 weeks or a Delayed regime with weight-bearing after 12 weeks postsurgery. Achilles tendon CSA, fat fraction, and vascularization were measured on both the injured and the uninjured side using MRI and US at 12 and 52 weeks. Results: The injured tendon was significantly larger (> 300%) than the uninjured tendon for both the distal and proximal parts (p < 0.0001). The CSA of the distal part was smaller in the Delayed group at 3 months (p=0.038), but not at 12 months. Fat fraction in the tendon increased in both groups. The Delayed group had significantly less vascularization compared with the Standard group at 3 months, and the vascularization decreased in both groups from 3 to 12 months. Conclusion: In comparison to the Standard treatment, the Delayed group had reduced CSA and vascularization for the distal part of the tendon after 3 months. After a year, these differences had become insignificant. From 3 to 12 months, the distal parts of the injured tendon showed an accumulation of fat in both groups. Not only the rupture site but also the entire tendon was affected by the inflammatory repair response. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04263493.

The side hop test (SHT) has been proven to be a highly valid assessment tool for the ankle joint. However, previous studies have not revealed which joints affect the SHT time. Thus, interpreting the SHT time correctly may be challenging. Investigating factors that determine the SHT time would provide important basic information regarding the SHT. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the kinetic factors related to the SHT time in healthy individuals. Twenty healthy male college soccer players formed our study population. Three-dimensional motion analysis was conducted during the SHT. The SHT time and peak torque power (hip, knee, and ankle) during the medial hop (MC) and lateral hop contact (LC) phases in the SHT were calculated. The relationship between the SHT time and peak torque power was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. In terms of concentric power, significant negative correlations were found between the SHT time and peak concentric hip power in the sagittal (r = -0.77 to -0.67) and frontal planes (r = -0.74 to -0.47) in each phase. For eccentric power, significant positive correlations were found between the SHT time and peak eccentric ankle power in the sagittal plane (r = 0.48-0.50) in each phase. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between the SHT time and peak eccentric hip power in the frontal plane (r = 0.55) in MC, peak eccentric hip power in the sagittal plane (r = 0.63), and eccentric ankle power in the frontal plane (r = 0.52) in LC. Our results showed that concentric and eccentric power were important for the hip and ankle joints, respectively, and different functional requirements depended on the joint. Based on these findings, clinicians can use the SHT to assess an athlete's condition and appropriately determine their safe return to sports.

The present review summarizes findings from the NOODLE ("predictioN mOdels fOr enDurance athLetEs") study. The research aimed to refine variables obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in a large cohort of highly trained endurance athletes by adjusting general reference values and predictive equations to better reflect the unique physiological profiles of this population. Ventilatory efficiency, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, oxygen uptake efficiency plateau, and peak oxygen pulse were analyzed, as they were recently applied in various models concerning risk stratification and treatment optimization. As more people engage in endurance sports, tailored CPET assessments are crucial for accurate performance evaluation and health monitoring. By characterizing differences between general formulas and those suited for endurance athletes, we offered improved tools for optimizing training and ensuring athlete safety. The findings are in line with the existing trend of precision medicine that tailors diagnostics, treatments, and interventions to individual patients' characteristics. Moreover, we review the recent advances from widely applied CPET-obtained indices, such as maximum oxygen uptake, maximum heart rate, and breathing reserve. We also gave the recommendation for a comprehensive CPET assessment based on the relationships between all of the variables.

Background: Running-related injuries are the most common reason to quit running. There is a gap of knowledge on the use of running equipment as a predictor of running-related injuries in running populations. Objective: To investigate if runners not using equipment while running have a higher rate of running-related injuries compared with runners using running equipment. Design and Methods: Cohort study with an 18-month follow-up, including runners > 18 years old. Exposure was defined as running equipment use, grouped by specific equipment: ankle or knee braces, - tape, insoles, compression socks, jogging stroller, and backpack. Additional groups included participants using multiple types of equipment, those unsure about their equipment use, and those who both indicated uncertainty and selected equipment. Results: Of the 7347 runners included, 3713 (51%) sustained a running-related injury. Runners using knee braces (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48 [95% CI: 1.14-1.92]), ankle tape (HR = 2.10 [95% CI: 1.44-3.07]), knee tape (HR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.19-2.82]), insoles (HR = 1.34 [95% CI: 1.20-1.49]), compression socks (HR = 1.14 [95% CI: 1.02-1.27]), or multiple types of equipment (HR = 1.27 [95% CI: 1.15-1.40]) were more prone to injury, while runners using a jogging stroller were less prone (HR = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.39-0.99]). No significant associations were observed for ankle braces (HR = 1.52 [95% CI: 0.90-2.58]), backpacks (HR = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.87-1.14]), runners uncertain about equipment (HR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.25-1.44]), and uncertain runners who still selected equipment (HR = 1.01 [95% CI: 0.61-1.67]). Conclusion: Runners using certain types of running equipment (e.g., compression socks, insoles, and/or knee brace) while running had higher hazard rates for running-related injuries compared with runners not using running equipment. Owing to the predictive nature of the study, no causal claims between equipment use and running-related injuries can be made.

The lower limbs are critical to athletic performance in handball, with strength and power being key variables. Previous studies have shown the importance of studying the rate of force development and the reactive strength index to enhance sports performance and prevent sports injuries. Given the limited research on this subject, the objective of this study was to analyze the effects of plyometric, neuromuscular, and strength training on performance and injury-related kinetic and biomechanical factors in female handball players and to identify commonly used functional and biomechanical tests for injury risk and performance assessment. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included eight clinical trials. These studies compared various training programs between the control and experimental groups, focusing on biomechanical analysis, strength training, plyometrics, neuromuscular, and standard training. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate the benefits of incorporating supplementary training into traditional handball training, specifically focusing on strength parameters and plyometric and proprioceptive exercises. Furthermore, controlling eccentric actions and addressing body asymmetries between the dominant and nondominant lower limbs reduces the risk of injuries and accelerates the rehabilitation process for injured handball players.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is common in golfers. While numerous injury prevention programs exist for youth athletes, there is a significant lack of such programs to prevent LBP in adolescent golfers. Objective: To ascertain the impact of an LBP prevention program on the incidence of LBP among adolescent golfers. Design: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Participants: Forty-five high-school golfers participated (age, 16.0 ± 0.7 years). Interventions: Participants were randomly allocated to either a Golfer's Low Back Pain Exercise Prevention program (GLEP) group (n = 23) or a Sham group (n = 22). Both groups were instructed to implement each intervention before playing golf for 12 weeks. Outcome Measure(s): The primary outcomes were the number of people with LBP and number of LBP incidents. Secondary outcomes included the trunk motion direction associated with LBP and the golf swing phase during which LBP occurred. A chi-square test was employed to compare the number of people with LBP. Poisson regression analysis was performed to compare the number of LBP incidents and secondary outcomes between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in number of people with LBP over the 12-week period (GLEP: n = 5; Sham: n = 8; odds ratio = 0.486, p=0.279). However, the number of LBP incidents was significantly lower in the GLEP group (GLEP: 16 incidents; Sham: 100 incidents; odds ratio = 0.157, p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes showed that the GLEP group had a significantly lower number of LBP incidents during trunk extension and rotation, as well as in all golf swing phases except for the address phase (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GLEP for adolescent golfers over a 12-week period reduced the incidence of LBP. Regular use of GLEP program can be recommended for high-school golfers in LBP prevention. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000051318.

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between factors contributing to injuries among athletes in sambo and judo. We examined the influence and interaction of such injury factors in sambo and judo as rapid weight loss, competitions, training processes, the lateralization of an athlete's fighting stance, and the X-factor. The survey involved 61 athletes (42 men and 19 women) over the age of 18, including 74% sambo practitioners and 26% judo practitioners of high athletic qualification with injuries to the upper and lower extremities. The odds of sustaining an injury during competitions among athletes who resorted to rapid weight correction were 5.59 times higher than among athletes who did not use RWL (OR: 5.59; 95% CI: 1.77-17.71, p=0.004). The odds of injuring the ipsilateral limb with a pronounced lateral right-sided or left-sided stance were 18.13 times higher than for the contralateral limb (OR: 18.13; 95% CI: 4.81-68.36, p < 0.001). The results of our study show that the relationship between factors such as rapid weight loss and participation in competitions (p=0.004), as well as an asymmetric fighting stance reflecting lateral preference and the side of the injured limb (p < 0.001), statistically significantly increases the risk of injuries in sambo and judo. The presence of signature techniques involving rotational throws in an athlete's arsenal did not significantly affect lower back pain (LBP) or injuries.

Purpose: To prospectively identify the development and regression of Achilles and patellar sonographic abnormalities in collegiate athletes. Methods: Prior to the beginning of their seasons, the Achilles and patellar tendons of collegiate athletes were sonographically videoed by an experienced sonographer. Subjects were then re-recorded at the end of 1 year of competition in an identical manner. Measurements were obtained using consistent predetermined protocols for each participant. Videos of the results were assessed in a blinded manner for echogenicity, tendon thickening, and neovascularization. Results: A total of 147 patellar and 148 Achilles tendons were recorded, with 40.1% of patellar and 16.2% of Achilles tendons identified to have abnormalities at baseline. Of all tendons analyzed, zero patellar and one Achilles tendon were transformed from "abnormal" to "normal"-this single tendon showed only a single neovessel without hypoechogenicity or thickening. Of all tendons initially categorized as "normal," only 4 patellar tendons switched categories to "abnormal" by the second scan, all with new hypoechogenic foci. Amongst these, all participants were asymptomatic. Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that all Achilles and patellar tendons with sonographic abnormalities remain abnormal after 1 year of training and competition, with the exception of a single neovessel on one Achilles tendon that disappeared. A small percentage of collegiate student-athletes developed new abnormalities over a year of practice and competition. This may refute the idea that tendinosis comes and goes in this athletic population, given the minimal change in categorization of participants from either category.