Translational sports medicine最新文献

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between factors contributing to injuries among athletes in sambo and judo. We examined the influence and interaction of such injury factors in sambo and judo as rapid weight loss, competitions, training processes, the lateralization of an athlete's fighting stance, and the X-factor. The survey involved 61 athletes (42 men and 19 women) over the age of 18, including 74% sambo practitioners and 26% judo practitioners of high athletic qualification with injuries to the upper and lower extremities. The odds of sustaining an injury during competitions among athletes who resorted to rapid weight correction were 5.59 times higher than among athletes who did not use RWL (OR: 5.59; 95% CI: 1.77-17.71, p=0.004). The odds of injuring the ipsilateral limb with a pronounced lateral right-sided or left-sided stance were 18.13 times higher than for the contralateral limb (OR: 18.13; 95% CI: 4.81-68.36, p < 0.001). The results of our study show that the relationship between factors such as rapid weight loss and participation in competitions (p=0.004), as well as an asymmetric fighting stance reflecting lateral preference and the side of the injured limb (p < 0.001), statistically significantly increases the risk of injuries in sambo and judo. The presence of signature techniques involving rotational throws in an athlete's arsenal did not significantly affect lower back pain (LBP) or injuries.

Purpose: To prospectively identify the development and regression of Achilles and patellar sonographic abnormalities in collegiate athletes. Methods: Prior to the beginning of their seasons, the Achilles and patellar tendons of collegiate athletes were sonographically videoed by an experienced sonographer. Subjects were then re-recorded at the end of 1 year of competition in an identical manner. Measurements were obtained using consistent predetermined protocols for each participant. Videos of the results were assessed in a blinded manner for echogenicity, tendon thickening, and neovascularization. Results: A total of 147 patellar and 148 Achilles tendons were recorded, with 40.1% of patellar and 16.2% of Achilles tendons identified to have abnormalities at baseline. Of all tendons analyzed, zero patellar and one Achilles tendon were transformed from "abnormal" to "normal"-this single tendon showed only a single neovessel without hypoechogenicity or thickening. Of all tendons initially categorized as "normal," only 4 patellar tendons switched categories to "abnormal" by the second scan, all with new hypoechogenic foci. Amongst these, all participants were asymptomatic. Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that all Achilles and patellar tendons with sonographic abnormalities remain abnormal after 1 year of training and competition, with the exception of a single neovessel on one Achilles tendon that disappeared. A small percentage of collegiate student-athletes developed new abnormalities over a year of practice and competition. This may refute the idea that tendinosis comes and goes in this athletic population, given the minimal change in categorization of participants from either category.

It is unclear so far how recreational golfers experience an injury prevention program in the real-life setting. A qualitative approach can be used to get insight into this implementation's complexity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of recreational golfers on warm-up in general, their experiences with the Golf Injury Prevention Program (GRIPP), and their opinions on how to implement our injury prevention program in a recreational golf setting. We used an explorative qualitative design with a constructivist paradigm to underpin the study. Through convenience sampling, we invited 11 golfers assigned to awarm-up program in a golf-specific injury prevention trial. We conducted semistructured interviews following a standardized interview guide based on three predetermined topics: general warm-up, injury prevention, and implementation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was performed with ATLAS.ti software. Participants cited different reasons for engaging in a warm-up routine, including injury prevention, self-care, preparation, and performance optimization. However, conducting a warm-up was said to be influenced by the golf environment. The prevention program was deemed "feasible," and the supplied materials were considered "sufficient." Participants observed minor differences in the information channels available at golf clubs, which affect implementation. The role of the golf professional was recognized as crucial in promoting and facilitating the warm-up routine. Recreational golfers recognize the performance and health advantages of a warm-up routine, yet motivations for engaging in such activities vary. The social environment influences performance, and a golf professional can help implement this. These findings emphasize the importance of considering contextual factors when developing injury prevention programs in golf.

Context: Athletic emergency preparedness remains critical to ensure athlete safety. Objective: To assess the influence of geographic remoteness, socioeconomic status, and healthcare access on athletic emergency preparedness of South Dakota secondary schools. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Secondary schools. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 63 athletic directors (age = 44.09 ± 12.39 years, years as AD = 6.96 ± 7.47). Main Outcome Measure(s): A survey assessing athletic training (AT) and emergency medical services (EMSs), emergency action plans (EAPs), and CPR and AED, concussion, and heat illness policies and guidelines. Descriptive statistics were reported. An independent t test was performed to determine association between median household income (MHI) and access to ATs. Contingency tables and logistic regression were used to determine if access to an AT, hospital distance, and/or MHI were correlated with question responses. Results: Most respondents (73.03%) reported AT access; access was associated with MHI. Over 20% of schools were farther than 20 miles from nearest hospital. Schools without ATs in low MHI counties were less likely to have written EAPs (p=0.03, n = 48); schools without ATs were less likely to have EAPs for every venue (p=0.027, n = 32), CI (-10.7, -0.79). Most respondents (66.7%) reported no CPR certification and AED training requirement for coaches. Schools with ATs reporting farther hospital distance were less likely to have written heat illness guidelines (p=0.02, n = 36, and CI = -0.17-0.017). Schools in low MHI counties were less likely to possess these same guidelines (p=0.04 and n = 47) and were less likely to take environmental measurements to inform activity modifications (p=0.03 and n = 48). Conclusions: Limited AT access, geographic remoteness, and MHI can negatively impact athletic emergency preparedness. Schools may benefit from educational opportunities and emergency preparedness training of coaches and administrators.

Analyzing the performance of marathon runners is a study of vital importance for optimizing athletes' results. The COVID-19 pandemic and its measures against its spread resulted in a drastic change in the way of life of most of the population, including athletes, who saw their training habits modified, in addition to the possible short-, medium-, and long-term consequences that infection with the new virus could cause in their health. This study analyzes through normality analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square tests, and the Wasserstein distance the finish times and paces of more than 900k athletes (filtered by age range and gender) in major marathons in different cities around the world to determine the effects of the pandemic on their performance. The analysis using the Wasserstein distance shows that the period of years with the most significant differences in race pace was 2019-2021 (pre- and postpandemic years) in practically all the marathons analyzed, while the analysis using chi-square shows differences in that period of years in some cities, age, and gender groups. We found significant differences between 2019 and 2021 in pace behavior in some age and gender groups, shown by the Wasserstein distance and chi-square test.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6585980.].

Background: Running can contribute to both beneficial and detrimental responses in the intervertebral discs (IVDs). To better understand these effects, we investigated the relationship between loading directions during slow running and the rapid changes in T2 times occurring in the lumbar IVDs before and after running. Methods: Sixteen healthy male students were fitted with a triaxial accelerator and ran on a treadmill at 8 km/h for 1 minute. Three lumbar T2 times from the L3/L4 to L5/S1 levels were measured before, immediately after, and 30 min postexercise via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The analysis focused on five regions of interest within each disc. Results: Acceleration was 0.23 ± 0.06 root mean square in the mediolateral (X-axis), 1.37 ± 0.08 in the vertical (Y-axis), and 0.30 ± 0.06 in the anteroposterior (Z-axis) direction. A strong correlation was observed between the T2 relaxation times and acceleration, particularly in the Z-axis. At L3/L4, a positive correlation was observed for the posterior nucleus (r = 0.72, p=0.002, R ² = 0.59). At L4/L5, a positive correlation was observed for the central nucleus (r = 0.73, p=0.003, R ² = 0.49). At L5/S1, a negative correlation was observed for the anterior annulus fibrosus (r = -0.73, p=0.01, R ² = 0.48). Conclusion: These results suggest that anteroposterior loading may play a significant role in the response of the IVDs to running.

Pre-injury and post-injury countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time data were obtained for elite athletes 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament surgery (ACLR). Jump kinetics were analysed using a traditional phase-specific approach, and force-time data of the CMJ waveform were analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Elite athletes (n = 10; female n = 6, age = 22.0 ± 3.5 years, mass = 75.9 ± 11.5 kg) performed CMJ testing before (T0) and after ACLR (T1; 24 ± 3 weeks post-surgery). Differences in discrete and continuous metrics were analysed for (1) within-limb differences between T1 and T0 and (2) between-limb differences at T1 and T0. Lower involved limb propulsive impulse (T1: 6.4 ± 1.6 N∙s/kg; T0: 7.7 ± 1.4 N∙s/kg, p = 0.002) and peak force (T1: 6.4 ± 1.6 N/kg; T0: 7.7 ± 1.4 N/kg, p = 0.002) were found after ACLR compared to baseline. After ACLR (T1), lower involved limb propulsive impulse was found compared to the uninvolved limb (involved: 1.26 ± 0.54 N∙s/kg; uninvolved: 1.58 ± 0.56 N∙s/kg, p = 0.007). SPM analysis revealed specific within-limb force loss, notably reduced involved limb propulsion force at T1 compared to pre-injury at T0 (p < 0.001) between 92% and 99% of the CMJ (end of propulsion) and between 36% and 37% of the CMJ (i.e., late unweighting to braking phase transition). SPM analysis revealed within-limb CMJ force loss that was not seen with the discrete analysis, highlighting the complementary value of SPM waveform analysis alongside discrete analysis to identify neuromuscular impairments in stretch-shortening-cycle function in elite athletes after ACLR.

The widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among young elite soccer players living above 40° north latitude is a significant issue. Considering the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency, it is crucial to investigate its prevalence and the effectiveness of self-used preventive strategies among high-risk groups. This study involved 209 young athletes (aged 7-18 years, mean age: 12.79 ± 3.04 years, weight: 50.11 ± 17.75 kg, height: 1.60 ± 0.19 m, and BMI: 18.69 ± 2.75) from a leading soccer academy, residing above 55° north latitude. Blood samples were collected in winter to analyze the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. High prevalence of insufficiency (38.3%) and deficiency (26.8%) of 25(OH)D was identified. There were no significant differences in the severity of deficiency among different age groups (6-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-18 years) or during growth spurts. The analysis of self-used preventive methods showed no significant differences between the compared groups (p=0.149). Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are widespread among young elite soccer players living above 55° north latitude and training indoors. The effectiveness of self-used preventive methods is considered low.

Background: Previous meta-analyses show contrasting findings regarding the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) in different knee conditions. Furthermore, no previous dose-response analysis has been conducted to determine the dose of BFRT required for maximal strength and functionality adaptations. Objective: To analyze the evidence on the effects of BFRT on strength and functionality in patients with knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis through a systematic review with dose-response meta-analysis. Methods: Included studies met the following criteria: participants with knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis; low-load resistance BFRT as intervention; control group with traditional moderate or high intensity resistance training (MIRT and HIRT); include muscle strength and functionality as primary and secondary outcome measures, respectively; and only randomized controlled trials. A random-effects and a dose-response model estimated strength and functionality using estimates of the total repetitions performed. Results: We included five studies with a sample of 205 participants. No statistically significant differences were found between BFRT and MIRT or HIRT for strength (SMD = -0.06; 95% CI = -0.78-0.67; and p > 0.05) and functionality (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI = -0.23-0.37; and p > 0.05). We found an inverted U-shaped association between the increase in total repetitions and strength gain and between the increase in total repetitions and functional improvement. Conclusions: People with knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can use low-load BFRT for strength and functionality as a similarly effective alternative to MIRT and HIRT. A total of 2000 repetitions per BFRT program are necessary to maximize strength gains in these patients, while functional improvement requires 1800 total repetitions.