Urine (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

In a recent issue of Nature Communications, we highlighted in-depth urine proteomic research in which significant immunosuppression was revealed in early SARS-CoV-2- infected patients 1. The application of urine in mapping the landscape of molecular changes closely associated with human diseases has been widely accepted. Herein, we take a systematic review of the published article from the perspective of both methodology and clinical significance.

Urine testing has been a primary standard clinical method for assessing proteinuria and electrolyte intake. The traditional 24 ​h urine collection method, despite its high accuracy, has some limitations in practice. To overcome its drawbacks, two alternatives are widely recommended: spot urine collection and overnight urine collection. However, questions about the ability of the two alternatives in replacing the 24 ​h urine collection are still on debate, which requires further investigation. This article makes a systematic review of the two alternatives methods for assessing proteinuria and electrolyte, which may provide a useful insight for using them in actual clinical evaluation and diagnosis.

This paper by Saenger T., et al. has suggested the potential biomarkers for orange juice consumption and addressed an approach to distinguish between low, medium, and high orange juice consumption. Although these findings of intake biomarkers are of great significance for single-nutrient-intake assessment, a comprehensive measurement of overall dietary pattern remains elusive due to the complexity of dietary metabolism. In contrast, urinary metabolomics is probably a preferable approach.

The atypical pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a serious threat to global public health. However, early detection and effective prediction of patients with mild to severe symptoms remain challenging. The proteomic profiling of urine samples from healthy individuals, mild and severe COVID-19 positive patients with comorbidities can be clearly differentiated. Multiple pathways have been compromised after the COVID-19 infection, including the dysregulation of complement activation, platelet degranulation, lipoprotein metabolic process and response to hypoxia. This study demonstrates the COVID-19 pathophysiology related molecular alterations could be detected in the urine and the potential application in auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among aging men. Since prostatic inflammation is one of its etiologies, it is plausible that urinary metabolite and protein biomarkers could be identified and used to diagnose inflammation-induced LUTS. We characterized the urine metabolome and proteome in a mouse model of bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics analysis was employed to discover urinary protein and metabolite-based biomarkers. The investigation of isobaric dimethylated leucine (DiLeu) labeling on metabolites allowed metabolomics and proteomics analysis on the same liquid chromatography (LC)-MS platform. In total, 143 amine-containing metabolites and 1058 urinary proteins were identified and quantified (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018023); among them, 14 metabolites and 168 proteins were significantly changed by prostatic inflammation. Five metabolic pathways and four inflammation-related biological processes were potentially disrupted. By comparing our findings with urinary biomarkers identified in a mouse model of genetic-induced prostate inflammation and with those previously found to be associated with LUTS in older men, we identified creatine, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin kappa constant and polymeric Ig receptor as conserved biomarkers for prostatic inflammation associated with LUTS. These data suggest that these putative biomarkers could be used to identify men in which prostate inflammation is present and contributing to LUTS.

Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) is commonly used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. However, DiNP can interfere with the human endocrine system and is listed as a chemical with reproductive toxicity. It has a short half-life and can be metabolized into water-soluble substances that are excreted in the urine, and thus, DiNP exposure markers can be identified in urine, a noninvasive and easily accessible specimen. In a previous study, we established an isotope tracing strategy involving an in-house computational signal mining algorithm with isotope tracing (SMAIT) to filter probable metabolite signals from complex LC-MS data. In this study, we used SMAIT to filter the probable metabolite signals, which were verified as potential DiNP exposure markers by analyzing human urine specimens from rubber workers who had occupational exposure to DiNP. We filtered 16 probable metabolite signals out of approximately 1400 signals by SMAIT. Fourteen of the 16 probable metabolite signals were confirmed as DiNP structure-related metabolites according to the fragment ion at m/z 121.029, which is a benzoate ion (C₆H₅CO₂), identified in D₀-MMOP mass spectra by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) in the full-scan mode. The 14 structure-related metabolite signals were further verified as potential DiNP exposure markers by analyzing rubber worker urine specimens. Three DiNP structure-related metabolite signals at m/z 305.139 (MOINP), 307.155 (MHINP), and 375.142 (derivatives of MHINP) were identified as potential exposure markers of DiNP. We need more research to validate whether these metabolites could be used as specific biomarkers for human exposure to DiNP. The 3 structure-related metabolite signals could provide the basis for future exposure and risk assessment for DiNP.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a pathological condition that affects diabetic patients around the world, and it is the main cause of chronic kidney diseases. It is known that the inflammatory pathway is activated in diabetic patients. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the gene expression of Nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) in liquid samples (urine and blood), then to evaluate the correlation between NF-κB gene expression with classical biochemical markers of kidney disease to investigate if the gene expression of this molecule can be used as a biomarker of loss of kidney function in diabetic patients. We recruited 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 5 years and 29 healthy donors and collected samples of urine and blood to quantify the NF-κB expression. It was found higher expression of NF-κB in both samples in diabetes patients. We verified elevated levels of microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, urea and BMI in diabetic patients, as well as a fall in GFR, without alteration in serum creatinine and proteinuria levels. Our data suggest that overexpression of NF-κB participates in the onset of diabetic nephropathy and that it is possible to quantify these changes in liquid biopsy (blood and urine) through gene expression of this molecule. The NF-κB expression is correlated with increased BMI data.