Urine (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

Biomarkers are measurable changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes in the body. Many types of biomarkers can accumulate in urine, which is not strictly subjected to homeostatic control. Therefore, it can reflect changes in the body earlier and more sensitively than other biomarker sources. Promising progress has been made in research on finding early biomarkers of diseases by using urine proteomics. In this review, we summarize our laboratory's research using urine proteomics in areas closely related to human health, with the aim of comprehensively demonstrating the great potential of urine proteomics in other areas in addition to early biomarkers.

In this work, we propose a novel biosensing scheme to enable the stratification of kidney diseases based on severity and progression for timely triage and efficient management. Here, using Creatinine and Chloride as target analytes for the biosensor, we have discussed an arbitrary three-class stratification mapping renal health for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) management. Our method is fully quantitative, fast (<5 min turn-around time), and can work with any combination of disease biomarkers to categorize diseases by subtypes and severity. At its core, the biosensor relies on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to transduce subtle changes at the input Creatinine and Chloride levels in a drop of neat, unprocessed urine. It can operate over a wide dynamic range of 0.15-5 mg/mL for Creatinine and 15-105 mM for Chloride. Further, as proof of concept, the biosensing scheme utilizes a simple Support Vector Machine-based supervised machine learning model for 3-state output disease state classification (corresponding to low, medium, and high disease severity) with a 97.96% accuracy. This scheme is versatile and can be extended to more complex scenarios with more biomarker input stimuli for improved diagnostics and precision therapy for other chronic urological diseases.

In this work, a facile strategy with combination of ultracentrifugation fraction, solid-phase alkylation sample preparation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed to achieve comprehensive proteome profiling of urine (CPU). By this strategy, a total of 1659 proteins could be identified using a short LC gradient of ∼1h, 2.3 times more than those (730) obtained from raw urine without fractionation. Compared to the current existing methods for urine sample preparation, not only the analysis time could be greatly shortened by 3–4 times, but also the identification coverage of urine proteome was increased by 130%–160%. Such a method was further combined with label-free quantification for the comparative proteome analysis of urine from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients and healthy donors, 227 differentially expressed proteins were identified. In addition to 90 proteins that were reported to be closely related to IgAN, we found that multiple members of solute carrier family 22 (SLC22) were up-regulated in IgAN, which might be related to the disturbance of renal metabolic function in patients. All these results demonstrated that our developed method would provide a promising tool for discovering disease related biomarkers in urine.

Lung cancer is one of the most threatening diseases to human life and health because of its mortality. How to choose more efficient drugs and the appropriate timing of treatment for patients with advanced lung cancer is still a problem. As the urine proteome can sensitively reflect the pathological or physiological changes of the body, it has the potential to reflect the dynamic changes of the body after drug treatment. To investigate the changes in the urine proteome of patients with advanced lung cancer after different drug treatments, urine samples were collected and analyzed at different time points. The changes in the urine proteome from the pretreatment state were different in each patient and the changes in the biological processes were consistent with the changes in the clinical manifestations of the patients. This study demonstrates that the pathophysiological changes of patients with advanced lung cancer can be reflected by changes in urinary protein after different drug treatments. In addition, the changes in urinary proteins can reflect the different biological processes in patients after the same drug treatment, and the patients’ clinical condition assessment results are consistent with these changes. These findings may provide additional information for clinical treatment.

Urinary biomarkers offer a non-invasive and easily accessible means of assessing an individual's health and susceptibility to various diseases. Urine biomarkers have advantages in no need or mechanism for stability, specific biomarkers produced by tubules, and non-invasive nature compared with serum biomarkers. Urine biomarkers can provide critical insights into an individual's predisposition to certain conditions, disease progression, and therapeutic response. In this review, we summarized the currently reported urinary biomarkers that outperformed serum biomarkers, including urinary protein biomarkers, gene biomarkers, urinary metabolites, electrolytes, and urinary extracellular vesicles. Combining urinary and serum biomarkers can offer a more comprehensive approach to disease diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized medicine. Despite some challenges in standardization and expanding the repertoire of diseases that can be diagnosed using urinary biomarkers, urinary biomarkers hold immense promise in improving patient outcomes and transforming healthcare.

Urinary concentrations of metabolic products associated with neoplasms can change the supersaturation and thus alter the potential of crystal formation in urine. This study examines the ability of the BONN-Risk-Index (BRI)-method of induced crystallization of Ca-oxalate in urine for monitoring the progression of (uro-)oncological diseases.

BRI was compared to tumor marker concentrations and imaging in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). In NET, a correlation between BRI and the amount of bone metastases emerges. In PC, log₂(BRI) and bone-specific alkaline-phosphatase inversely correlate with r ​= ​0.71.

It was shown that BRI and the clinical picture promisingly correlate.

The intensity of the urinary tract infection (UTI), a recurrent infection that is common in coastal locations and that affects people of different ages, varies. One of the main bacteria that causes UTI is Escherichia coli. The objective of the present study is to regulate the prevalence of UTI and to evaluate the effectiveness of recent developments in alternative medicine. Quinolones and cephalosporin are well-known treatments for UTIs. The only costly, non-Indian plant source medicine is cranberry extract. The growth of opportunistic Uropathogens is facilitated by pH change in urethra that occur throughout puberty and menopause in females. Additionally adding to the defence is innate immunity. Although innate immunity can support the body's resistance, a recent study found that infection rates differ among people depending on their age, immunity, and lifestyle. The microorganisms that cause UTI are becoming more and more medication resistant. Understanding the value of enhancing innate immunity and being aware of the most effective UTI treatment plan are both necessary. Alternative, innovative methods to treatment have so raised some hope. Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based medications were among the therapeutic options. Nanoparticles may play new, unproven roles in the fight against UTIs in the future. Nanotechnology techniques based on medicinal plants have produced encouraging results. Therefore, there needs to be ongoing study into herbal treatments for UTIs, like Ayurvedic Biology.

Urinary biomarkers are usually reported as a normalized ratio to creatinuria, a lack of correct creatinine determination lead to wrong final data. This study aimed to evaluate the Jaffè method accuracy, proposing a new HPLC-MS/MS method. The validation parameters were: run time of 4 ​min, LOD of 0.02 ​mg/L, CV% lower than 4%, recovery >96.1%, no matrix effect.

The comparison between HPLC-MS/MS and Jaffè method showed an average bias, variable from high (1.5–3.00 ​g/L) to low concentrations (below than 0.7 ​g/L) of creatinine, ranging from +31% to −25%. The critical issue for the normalization of biomonitoring data was highlighted.

Accurate biomarkers are crucial for early disease detection and improved prognosis. However, the inconsistent reporting of different key biomarkers in the same types of samples from patients with identical diseases in biomarker discovery studies is often questioned. In contrast to such instrumental analyses, the murine olfactory system consistently distinguishes subtle variations in genetically determined individual-unique body odors in urine samples and more pronounced differences in diet-modulated and fluctuating body odors. Interestingly, sniffer mouse behavioral assays revealed that prostate and bladder cancers alter olfactory cues in urine samples to be more intense compared with diet-modulated or genetically determined individual-specific body odors. The causes of inconsistent key biomarkers include high inter-individual and inter-sample variability due to diet-induced metabolites and cosmetic or environmental contaminations. Previously, we proposed experimental procedures tolerant to such noise-like variability or fluctuation, leading to the identification of ten urinary volatile biomarkers for prostate cancer, including 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol as a unique biomarker for bladder cancer. This commentary discusses the theoretical basis of urinary volatile biomarkers and future directions for complementary biomarker development for diagnosis.