Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

Footrot is one of the most important causes of lameness and economic losses in sheep and goat production worldwide. A 2-years-old ram was presented to the college of veterinary science teaching hospital, Mekelle University, with a history of non-weight bearing lameness of the left hindlimb. The hoof was damaged, split and the interdigital space was full of dirt and the scent of a rotten smell. On clinical examination, the sheep was suffering from depression, weight loss,  with elevation in the physiological parameters such as a rectal temperature of 40.1°C, heart rate of 96 beats per minute, and respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. The hoof was carefully washed with isotonic saline solution and disinfected with hydrogen peroxide 3% and povidone-iodine 1%. Additionally, meloxicam (0.5mg/kg, IM) thrice daily for three days and oxytetracycline 10% (10mg/kg, IM) for successive 5 days were administered parenterally. The infected surface was also treated with topical oxytetracycline spray for five days. The sheep have recovered after 7 days of treatment with significant improvement in the hoof injury. Successful management of footrot in Abergele sheep is discussed in the current case report.

Background: Trypanosomosis is the most prevalent disease and causes serious economic losses in Ethiopia. The disease is among the major constraint to camel production in the country. Hence, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and associated risk factors of camel trypanosomosis in the Borana zone, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 using parasitological techniques in the Yabelo and Gomole districts of the Borana zone. A total of 384 camels were randomly selected and tested using wet blood film (thin) and the Giemsa-stained technique. The packed cell volume (PCV) of sampled camels was recorded using a hematocrit reader.

Results: An overall 3.91% prevalence of camel trypanosomosis was observed in study areas. Trypanosoma-infected camel had significant (P=0.0001) lower mean PCV (20.73±1.91) than non-infected camel (27.07±4.35). The current study showed body condition of camel (OR=6.8, 95% CI: 1.44-31.83) and season (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.04-9.07) as risk factors for the occurrence of camel trypanosomosis. However, the sex, age, and origin (district) of camel did not affect the occurrence of camel trypanosomosis in the study areas.

Conclusion: Camel trypanosomosis impeded camel production in the study areas. Therefore, control and prevent methods considering seasonality, different ecology is necessary to design and implement. Moreover, a further study involving more sensitive molecular techniques should be conducted on camel trypanosomosis and their vectors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S293128.].

Introduction: In-feed probiotics are becoming attractive alternatives to antibiotics in the poultry industry due to the ever-growing strict prohibitions on antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production.

Methods: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus paracaseis sparacasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the growth performance of 120 day-olds randomly selected Sasso dual-purpose chicken. They were divided into four groups with two replicates per group and 15 chicks per replicate. The treatments were T₁ (control), T₂ (supplement diet with 4g probiotic), T₃ (supplement diet with 2g probiotic), T₄ (supplement diet with 1g probiotic). The experimental feeding trials were conducted after two weeks adaptation period.

Results: The present findings revealed that the chickens supplemented with Lactobacillus species probiotics during the first week of age have shown higher body weight than control (p < 0.05). The feed intake of week one of T₂ and T₃ were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than the T₁ (control). However, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in feed intake in the 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^{t h} weeks of all treatment groups. The present result showed that there was a significant body weight gain (p< 0.05) in all probiotic fed groups than the control group. The highest body weight gain was observed in chickens found in the T4 treatment group. Whereas the body weight gains significantly higher and improved the feed conversion (p<0.05) in the T₂ and T₄ than the T₁ (control). However, the feed conversion ratio was significantly influenced by probiotic inclusion in T₃ as compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that Lactobacillus paracaseis sparacasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus have a positive effect on the growth performance of broilers.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal helminth parasite infection is a major influencing factor against the profitability of working equines all over the world.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hosaena district to investigate the prevalence and the potential risk factors of strongyle infection. To address this, 384 equines; donkeys (n = 208), and horses (n = 176) were randomly selected for the coprological examination to identify strongyle eggs using the floatation technique.

Results: The study revealed that the overall prevalence of strongyle infection in the Hosaena district was 54.2% and the respective prevalence was 59.1% and 48.2.0% in donkeys and horses, respectively. Strongyles' infection rates in equines were 56.3%, 53.2%, and 56.6% in young, adult, and old animals, respectively, while the rates were 52.8% and 57.1% in male and female animals. Equids with a good body condition were highly prone to strongyle infection than equines with poor and medium body condition, and equids used for transport and packing, cart pulling, and no purpose were highly infected than those used for packing and transport purposes. A significant variation (P< 0.05) was shown in the statistical analysis between the equines and the prevalence of strongyle infection. However, the occurrence of strongyle infection was not significantly (P>0.05) associated with age, sex, and body condition score of equines.

Conclusion: Hence, strongyles infection is widely distributed in equines in the study area. Further research, including broad sample sizes of gastrointestinal nematodes in all equines, should therefore be recommended for strategic prevention and control measures in order to understand the severity of the disease.

The use of autologous orthobiologics is an emerging area of interest in veterinary medicine. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical results achieved using two orthobiologics devices to address orthopedic injuries and tissue repair. Leukocyte (White blood cell)-rich platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) devices produce outputs containing high concentrations of growth factors from venous blood. The Autologous Protein Solution (APS) device produces an orthobiologic containing high concentrations of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. L-PRP has commonly been used to address soft tissue injuries. APS has been injected into the joint to address osteoarthritis. In the last five years, our practice has treated 35 dogs (38 treatments) with L-PRP and 98 dogs (108 treatments) with APS. Our group has used L-PRP and APS to address orthopedic conditions including osteoarthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, tendon/ligament rupture/repair procedures, post-surgical femoral head osteotomy/tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy tissue repair, lumbosacral stenosis, patellar luxation, joint laxity, and osteochondral dissecans. The results achieved with L-PRP and APS have been favorable (observed pain improvement and minimal adverse reactions), but sometimes have not achieved complete pain relief or tissue repair. The most common application for L-PRP was patellar luxation and the most common application for APS was injection post-ACL surgery. Canine OA has been successfully managed in several patients with repeat injections of APS over the course of several years. Future studies on specific conditions are ongoing and including efforts to further characterize these products in canine medicine.

Introduction: In 2017 infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) were reclassified into genogroups based on nature of clustering on a phylogenetic tree constructed using VP2 gene sequence data rather than according to their pathotype and/or antigenic types. Ethiopian IBD viruses were not reclassified according to the proposed genogrouping.

Methods: In order to genogroup the Ethiopian IBDVs, available VP2 gene sequences data together with reference strain sequences were retrieved from GenBank and genogrouped as recently recommended based on evolutionary tree reconstruction and determination of their clustering on the phylogenetic tree.

Results: The Ethiopian IBDVs were grouped into genogroups 1 and 3 that antigenically represent classically virulent and very virulent IBDVs, respectively. The genogroup 1 IBDVs were clustered with the vaccine strain while the genogroup 3 viruses were clustered with four known viruses belonging to sub-genogroup 3a and sub-genogroup 3b. Almost half of the Ethiopian IBDVs reported did not cluster with the specific sub-groups of genogroup 3; rather, the isolates were clustered differently suggesting they deserve a different sub-genogroup tentatively proposed as 3d. The two genogroups observed based on clustering on a phylogenetic tree were supported by corresponding deduced amino acid changes in similar positions in VP2 sequences. In addition, virulence marker amino acid genes coupled with second major hydrophilic region (amino acid positions 314-325) were predicted in these sequences that could be responsible for the occurrence of IBD outbreaks.

Conclusion: A new sub-genogroup of IBDVs, 3d, were observed in the sequences that could be one of the reasons for the frequent occurrence of IBD outbreaks and questions the protective potential of the existing vaccine. To institute disease control in the country, the effectiveness of the vaccine in use needs to be assessed in vivo against both genogroups 1 and 3 viruses and all three sub-genogroup 3 viruses circulating in the country.

Purpose: Canine leptospirosis and brucellosis are significant zoonotic gram-negative bacterial diseases that affect humans and animal species. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess associated risk factors of canine Leptospira and Brucella species infections in Ambo, Bako, and Gojo Towns, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods: A total of 385 serum samples were collected from randomly selected dogs. Antibodies against Brucella and Leptospira species infection were tested using the Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA). A structured questionnaire survey was administered to each dog-owning household to gather information on potential risk factors. The association between independent and outcome variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test followed by univariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results: The overall seroprevalence of Brucella and Leptospira species infections were found to be 15.06% (95% confidence interval (ci): 11.64-19.04%) and 4.16% (95% ci: 2.39-6.67%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the town was the significant risk factor of Brucella species infection seropositivity. Accordingly, dogs found in Gojo ((odds ratio (OR)): 17.72 CI: 1.17-117.54, p=0.036) and Bako (OR: 7.99, 95% CI: 0.96-66.37), p=0.054 towns were more at risk to be infected with Brucella species than dogs living in Ambo.

Conclusion: The seroprevalence of Leptospira and Brucella species infections in dogs of the West Shewa Zone was high and moderate, respectively, suggesting the possible transmission of the disease between dogs and other animals. These infections might be an under-recognized threat to public health and animal welfare. Further research on the identification of the serovars of Leptospira and biotypes of Brucella circulating in dogs is encouraged. Finally, knowledge of the comprehensive epidemiology of these diseases is an invaluable input for veterinarians, healthcare professionals, and policy-makers to avoid or manage canine leptospirosis and brucellosis.