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Evaluation of Multi-Compartment Particle Dampers for the Attenuation of Dynamic Vibrations 多隔室粒子阻尼器对动态振动衰减的评价
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030034
A. Papalou
An experimental study was performed examining the effectiveness of a multi-compartment damper in attenuating the response of structures under random and earthquake excitations. The damper consisted of four compartments of unequal size; it was mounted on a small one-story steel structure. The same number of steel spherical particles were placed inside each compartment, resulting in filling area ratios (the total area of the squares around the projected particles divided by the area of the compartment) from 40% to 70%. The damper was effective in reducing the response displacement and acceleration of the structure considerably. The use of different filling area ratios enabled the damper to be effective for a wide range of excitation levels.
对多室阻尼器在随机和地震激励下衰减结构响应的有效性进行了实验研究。阻尼器由四个大小不等的隔间组成;它被安装在一个小的一层钢结构上。将相同数量的球形钢颗粒放置在每个隔间内,导致填充面积比(投影颗粒周围的正方形的总面积除以隔间的面积)从40%到70%。阻尼器有效地降低了结构的响应位移和加速度。不同填充面积比的使用使阻尼器能够有效应对各种激励水平。
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引用次数: 0
Annoyance Caused by Simultaneous Noise and Vibration in Commercial Vehicles: Multimodal Interaction and the Effects of Sinusoidal Components in Recorded Seat Vibrations 商用车噪声和振动同时引起的烦恼:多模态相互作用和记录的座椅振动中正弦分量的影响
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030033
Maria Mareen Maravich, Robert Rosenkranz, M. Altinsoy
Noise and whole-body vibrations (WBV) inside commercial vehicles can lead to annoyance and reduced comfort. As a result, negative effects on the driver can occur even below the legal exposure limits. In order to understand the annoyance perception and the interaction between noise and WBV, two perception experiments were conducted. For both experiments, recorded signals inside different commercial vehicles were used. Sound pressure and acceleration levels varied. In addition, the frequency content of the recorded vertical seat vibrations was reproduced in different modified variants. The varied parameters (sound pressure level, acceleration level and vibration frequency) were investigated within a three-factorial experimental design. It was found that noise and vibration levels, as well as the vibration spectrum, had a significant effect on total annoyance. Furthermore, an interaction between noise and vibration levels in both experiments could be observed. The results show that for the highest noise level, changing vibration exposure influences annoyance ratings less than the lowest noise level. The results also show that despite the same Wk-weighted RMS level of the WBV according to ISO 2631-1, vibration spectra with sinusoidal components or narrowband vibrations below <10 Hz were significantly perceived as more annoying during a ride in a vehicle.
商用车内的噪音和全身振动(WBV)会导致烦恼和舒适度降低。因此,即使低于法定暴露限值,也可能对驾驶员产生负面影响。为了了解烦恼感知以及噪声与WBV之间的相互作用,进行了两个感知实验。对于这两个实验,都使用了不同商用车内的记录信号。声压和加速度水平各不相同。此外,记录的垂直座椅振动的频率内容在不同的修改变体中被再现。在三因素实验设计中研究了各种参数(声压级、加速度级和振动频率)。研究发现,噪音和振动水平以及振动频谱对总烦恼度有显著影响。此外,在两个实验中都可以观察到噪声和振动水平之间的相互作用。结果表明,对于最高噪声水平,改变振动暴露对烦恼等级的影响小于最低噪声水平。结果还表明,尽管根据ISO 2631-1,WBV的Wk加权RMS水平相同,但在车辆行驶过程中,具有正弦分量或低于<10Hz的窄带振动的振动谱被显著认为更令人讨厌。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the Suspension Model in the Simulation of the Vertical Vibration Behavior of the Railway Vehicle Car Body 悬架模型对铁道车辆车体垂向振动特性仿真的影响
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030032
M. Dumitriu, Ioana Izabela Apostol, D. I. Stănică
The evaluation of the vibration behavior of railway vehicle car bodies based on the results of numerical simulations requires the adoption of an appropriate theoretical model of the suspension which considers the important factors that influence the vibration level of the car body. In this paper, the influence of the secondary suspension model on the vertical vibration behavior of the railway vehicle car body is investigated, based on the results of numerical simulations on the frequency response functions of the acceleration, the power spectral density of the acceleration and the root mean square of the acceleration of the car body. Numerical simulation applications are developed based on a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom, corresponding to car body vibration modes: bounce, pitch, and first vertical bending mode, and bogie vibration modes: bounce and pitch. Four different models of secondary suspension are integrated into the vehicle model, namely a reference model and four analysis models. Analysis models include systems through which the pitch vibration of the bogies is transmitted to the car body, influencing its vibration behavior and, respectively, a system that takes the relative angular displacement between the car body and the bogie and a system that models the transmission system of the longitudinal forces between the bogie and the car body are analyzed. The effects of these two systems on the vibration behavior of the railway vehicle car body are analyzed both for each system separately and together. In the conclusions of the paper, the influence of the secondary suspension model on the vibration level at the resonance frequencies of the vertical bending of the car body and the pitch of the bogie is pointed out. It also highlights the important contribution of the transmission system of the longitudinal forces between the bogie and the car body in transmitting pitch vibrations of the bogies to the car body, with effects on the vibration level of the car body at high speeds.
基于数值模拟结果评价铁道车辆车体的振动特性,要求采用合适的悬架理论模型,考虑影响车体振动水平的重要因素。本文基于加速度频响函数、加速度功率谱密度和加速度均方根的数值模拟结果,研究了二次悬架模型对轨道车辆车体垂直振动特性的影响。基于七自由度刚柔耦合车辆模型,开发了相应的车身振动模式:弹跳、俯仰和第一次垂直弯曲模式,以及转向架振动模式:弹跳和俯仰的数值模拟应用程序。将四种不同的二次悬架模型集成到整车模型中,即一个参考模型和四个分析模型。分析模型包括将转向架的俯仰振动传递给车体从而影响车体振动行为的系统,以及以车体与转向架之间的相对角位移为参数的系统和以转向架与车体之间的纵向力传递为参数的系统。分别分析了这两种系统对轨道车辆车体振动特性的影响,并对其进行了综合分析。在本文的结论中,指出了二级悬架模型对车体垂直弯曲和转向架俯仰共振频率下振动水平的影响。强调了转向架与车体之间的纵向力传递系统在将转向架的俯仰振动传递给车体中所起的重要作用,从而对高速行驶时车体的振动水平产生影响。
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引用次数: 2
State-of-the-Art Review on the Seismic Performance Assessment of On-Ground Steel Cylindrical Tanks 地面钢圆柱储罐抗震性能评价研究进展
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030031
M. Razzaghi
Steel cylindrical tanks are vital structures for storing various types of liquid in industrial plants or as a component in a water distributing system. As they sometimes are used to store toxic, flammable, and explosive material, their inapt performance during an earthquake may lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, practicing engineers, researchers, and industry owners are concerned about their structural safety. Meanwhile, the seismic performance of liquid storage tanks is rather complex. Thus, this subject has garnered many researchers’ interest in the past decades. This paper aims to briefly review the most significant studies on the seismic performance of on-ground steel cylindrical tanks. It focuses on analytical approaches and does not include experimental and on-site ones. Finally, the new horizons for the seismic performance assessment of such structures are presented herein.
钢圆柱形储罐是工业厂房中储存各种液体的重要结构,也是配水系统中的一个组成部分。由于它们有时被用来储存有毒的、易燃的和易爆的物质,它们在地震时的不恰当表现可能会导致灾难性的后果。因此,实践工程师、研究人员和行业业主都对其结构安全性感到担忧。同时,储液罐的抗震性能比较复杂。因此,在过去的几十年里,这个主题引起了许多研究人员的兴趣。本文旨在简要回顾有关地面钢圆柱储罐抗震性能的重要研究成果。它侧重于分析方法,不包括实验和现场方法。最后,提出了该类结构抗震性能评价的新方向。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Approach to Optimize the Dynamic Behaviour of Structures Considering Structural Durability 考虑结构耐久性优化结构动力特性的数值方法
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030030
W. Kaal, J. Baumgartner, Maximilian Budnik, C. Tamm
In the design of lightweight structures, both the dynamics and durability must be taken into account. In this paper, a methodology for the combined optimization of structural dynamics, lightweight design, and lifetime with discrete vibration engineering measures is developed and discussed using a demonstration structure. A two-sided welded bending beam is excited at the centre and optimal parameters for tuned mass dampers (TMD) are searched, satisfying the requirements for the dynamic behaviour, the overall mass, and the lifetime of the weldings. It is shown that the combination of a reduced order model with the implementation of the structural stress approach at critical welds enables an efficient evaluation of certain design concepts in the time domain. Using this approach, multi-criterial optimization methods are used to identify the best set of parameters of the TMD to reduce the structural vibrations and enhance the durability.
在轻量化结构的设计中,必须同时考虑结构的动力学和耐久性。本文提出了一种结构动力学、轻量化设计和寿命与离散振动工程措施相结合的优化方法,并通过一个示范结构进行了讨论。以双面焊接弯曲梁为研究对象,在满足动态特性、整体质量和寿命要求的前提下,研究了调谐质量阻尼器的优化参数。结果表明,将降阶模型与在关键焊缝处实施结构应力方法相结合,可以在时域内有效地评估某些设计概念。利用该方法,采用多准则优化方法,确定了TMD的最佳参数集,以减少结构振动,提高结构耐久性。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasonic Signal Time-Expansion Using DAC Frequency Modulation 基于DAC频率调制的超声信号时间扩展
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6030029
M. Rossi, Marco Frasca
Ultrasonic signals can be conveniently recorded using modern high-speed analog-to-digital converters and analyzed through digital signal processing algorithms. Sometimes, in some applications, such as in bioacoustics, it is necessary to convert digital data to analog signals with a special transformation that allows compressing and translating the spectrum toward audible frequencies. The process is called time expansion and can be conveniently achieved by slowing down the frequency clock of a digital-to-analog converter. This paper analyzes in detail the spectral characteristics of a time-expanded signal.
利用现代高速模数转换器可以方便地记录超声信号,并通过数字信号处理算法进行分析。有时,在某些应用中,例如在生物声学中,需要通过特殊的转换将数字数据转换为模拟信号,这种转换允许将频谱压缩并转换为可听频率。这个过程称为时间扩展,可以通过减慢数模转换器的频率时钟来方便地实现。本文详细分析了时间膨胀信号的频谱特性。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration Therapy for Cancer-Related Bone Diseases 振动疗法治疗癌症相关骨病
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6020028
Xin Song, A. Sassi, Kimberly Seaman, Chun-Yu Lin, L. You
Patients undergoing cancer treatments and/or suffering from metastatic bone lesions experience various skeletal-related events (SREs), substantially reducing functional independence and quality of life. Therefore, researchers are working towards developing new interventions by harnessing the bone’s innate anabolic response to mechanical stimulations. Whole body vibration (WBV) has recently gained interest due to its nature of being safe, effective, and easy to perform. In this review, we will summarize the most cutting-edge vibration studies of cancer models and bone-cancer cell interactions. We will also discuss various parameters, including age, vibration settings, and differences between bone sites, which may affect vibration efficacy. Studies have shown that WBV improves bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume in patients and mice with cancer. WBV also reduces tumor burden and normalizes bone vasculature in mice. At the cellular level, vibration promotes interactions between bone cells and cancer cells, which reduce osteoclastogenesis and inhibit cancer metastatic potential. Hence, WBV could potentially serve as a new intervention or adjuvant treatment to attenuate cancer progression while preserving bone health.
接受癌症治疗和/或患有转移性骨病变的患者会经历各种骨骼相关事件(SREs),大大降低了功能独立性和生活质量。因此,研究人员正致力于通过利用骨骼对机械刺激的先天合成代谢反应来开发新的干预措施。全身振动(WBV)由于其安全、有效和易于操作的特性,最近引起了人们的兴趣。在这篇综述中,我们将总结癌症模型和骨癌细胞相互作用的最新振动研究。我们还将讨论可能影响振动效果的各种参数,包括年龄、振动设置和骨位置之间的差异。研究表明,WBV可以改善癌症患者和小鼠的骨密度(BMD)和骨体积。WBV还能减轻小鼠的肿瘤负荷并使骨血管系统正常化。在细胞水平上,振动促进骨细胞和癌细胞之间的相互作用,从而减少破骨细胞的发生,抑制癌症转移的潜力。因此,WBV可能作为一种新的干预或辅助治疗,在保持骨骼健康的同时减缓癌症的进展。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Welfare of Technicians during Transits to Offshore Wind Farms 评估技术人员在过渡到海上风电场期间的福利
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6020027
Tobenna D. Uzuegbunam, Rodney Forster, T. Williams
Available decision-support tools rarely account for the welfare of technicians in maintenance scheduling for offshore wind farms. This creates uncertainties, especially since current operational limits might make a wind farm accessible but the vibrations from transits might be unacceptable to technicians. We explore technician exposure to vibration in transit based on the levels of discomfort and the likelihood of seasickness occurring on crew transfer vessels (CTVs). Vessel motion monitoring systems deployed on CTVs operating in the North Sea and sea-state data are used in a machine learning (ML) process to model the welfare of technicians based on operational limits applied to modelled proxy variables including composite weighted RMS acceleration (aWRMS) and motion sickness incidence (MSI). The model results revealed poor to moderate performance in predicting the proxies based on selected model evaluation criteria, raising the possibility of more data and relevant variables being needed to improve model performance. Therefore, this research presents a framework for an ML approach towards accounting for the wellbeing of technicians in sailing decisions once the highlighted limitations can be addressed.
现有的决策支持工具很少考虑海上风电场维护计划中技术人员的福利。这造成了不确定性,特别是因为目前的运行限制可能会使风电场变得容易进入,但运输产生的振动可能会让技术人员无法接受。我们根据船员转移船(CTV)上的不适程度和晕船的可能性,探讨技术人员在运输过程中暴露于振动的情况。部署在北海作业的CTV上的船舶运动监测系统和海况数据用于机器学习(ML)过程,以根据应用于建模代理变量的操作限制对技术人员的福利进行建模,包括复合加权均方根加速度(aWRMS)和晕动病发生率(MSI)。模型结果显示,根据选定的模型评估标准预测代理的性能较差至中等,这增加了需要更多数据和相关变量来提高模型性能的可能性。因此,本研究为ML方法提供了一个框架,一旦突出的局限性得到解决,该方法就可以在航行决策中考虑技术人员的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration Distribution Measurement of Car Door and Engine Head Using OPPA Vibration Distribution Analyzer 用OPPA振动分布分析仪测量车门和发动机头部的振动分布
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6020026
Mona Yadi, Y. Morimoto, Y. Takaya
In order to address the issue of vibration, it is crucial to accurately measure the vibration distribution. The authors previously developed the one-pitch phase analysis (OPPA) method, which allows for rapidly capturing the three-dimensional shape of a flat object. By integrating this method into a system, an OPPA vibration distribution measurement system was created, utilizing a line light source consisting of LEDs or optical fibers and also a high-speed camera to measure the vibrations of three-dimensional objects without physical contact. To further extend the application of the OPPA method to larger objects, such as cars, in this paper, a new system is introduced using a commercially available projector using a liquid crystal display (LCD) instead of a liner light source and a glass grating. This new system, which employs an ultra-short throw projector, is highly sensitive in displacement measurements and provides a wide-area analysis. These kinds of projectors produce noises at the frequency of the cooling fan and the refresh rate of the LCD. However, in this study, these noise sources were also examined. The capabilities of the new system are demonstrated through its application to the measurement of vibrations in a car door and an engine head. The measurement system and examples of its application are presented.
为了解决振动问题,精确测量振动分布是至关重要的。作者之前开发了单间距相位分析(OPPA)方法,该方法可以快速捕获平面物体的三维形状。通过将该方法集成到一个系统中,创建了OPPA振动分布测量系统,利用由led或光纤组成的线光源和高速摄像机来测量三维物体的振动,而无需物理接触。为了进一步扩展OPPA方法在更大物体(如汽车)上的应用,本文介绍了一种新的系统,该系统使用市售的投影仪,该投影仪使用液晶显示器(LCD)代替衬里光源和玻璃光栅。该新系统采用了超短距投影仪,在位移测量中具有很高的灵敏度,并提供了广域分析。这些投影机在冷却风扇的频率和LCD的刷新率下产生噪音。然而,在本研究中,这些噪声源也进行了检查。新系统的功能通过其在车门和发动机头部振动测量中的应用得到了证明。介绍了测量系统及其应用实例。
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引用次数: 0
Basic Study on Mechanical Vibration Suppression System Using 2-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration Analysis 基于二自由度振动分析的机械减振系统基础研究
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.3390/vibration6020025
K. Ikeda, K. Kamimori, I. Kobayashi, J. Kuroda, Daigo Uchino, K. Ogawa, A. Endo, T. Kato, Xiaojun Liu, M. H. Peeie, H. Kato, T. Narita
Mechanical vibrations adversely affect mechanical components, and in the worst case, lead to serious accidents by breaking themselves. To suppress vibrations, various studies have been conducted on vibration isolation, suppression, and resistance. In addition, technologies to actively suppress vibration have been rapidly developed in recent years, and it has been reported that vibrations can be suppressed with higher performance. However, these studies have been conducted mostly for low-order systems, and few studies have employed control models that consider the complex vibration characteristics of multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) systems. This study is a basic study that establishes a control model for complex control systems, and the vibration characteristics of a 2-DOF system are calculated using the vibration analysis of a multi-DOF system. Furthermore, the vibration suppression performance of the 2-DOF system is investigated by performing vibration experiments.
机械振动对机械部件产生不利影响,在最坏的情况下,会导致严重的事故。为了抑制振动,人们对隔振、抑振和抗振进行了各种研究。此外,近年来主动抑制振动的技术得到了迅速发展,有报道称可以以更高的性能抑制振动。然而,这些研究大多是针对低阶系统进行的,很少有研究采用考虑多自由度系统复杂振动特性的控制模型。本研究是对复杂控制系统建立控制模型的基础研究,通过对多自由度系统的振动分析,计算了2-DOF系统的振动特性。此外,通过振动实验对二自由度系统的减振性能进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Vibration
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