{"title":"Who is the digital forensic expert and what is their expertise?","authors":"G. Horsman, Brett Shavers","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74755718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward a common language for quality issues in forensic science","authors":"Anna L. Heavey, G. Turbett, M. Houck, S. Lewis","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75309928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hervé Ménard, Oyewumi Akinpelu, Nana A. Fiakpui, Rong (Lily) He, Sarah Huxter, Caitlin Jordan, Lucy Judge, Aoife King, Brianna Miller, Sophie E. Moggs, Carmen‐Teodora Patrascu, Teri Pearson, M. E. J. Seneviratne, L. Timmerman, P. Haddrill, Joyce K. Klu, Christian Cole, N. Nic Daéid
The use of forensic evidence has become indispensable in many countries and jurisdictions around the world; however, the dissemination of research advancements does not necessarily directly or easily reach the forensic science community. Reports from the INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium outline major areas that are of interest to forensic practitioners across the INTERPOL member countries. The information contained in the INTERPOL reports is extensive but can be challenging to process. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of trends within the INTERPOL reports over an 18 year period. References relating to 10 evidence types retrieved from the 14th to 19th INTERPOL IFSMS reports (2004 – 2019) were processed and compared with data exports from the citation database Scopus covering the same evidence types. The results from this work are summarized by investigating the relationships between the 10 evidence types. To explore the outputs a user-friendly R-Shiny application was developed and is freely available at: https://uod.ac.uk/lrcfsinterpolreportsexplorer. This article is categorized under:
{"title":"Research trends in forensic science: A scientometric approach to analyze the content of the\u0000 INTERPOL\u0000 reviews","authors":"Hervé Ménard, Oyewumi Akinpelu, Nana A. Fiakpui, Rong (Lily) He, Sarah Huxter, Caitlin Jordan, Lucy Judge, Aoife King, Brianna Miller, Sophie E. Moggs, Carmen‐Teodora Patrascu, Teri Pearson, M. E. J. Seneviratne, L. Timmerman, P. Haddrill, Joyce K. Klu, Christian Cole, N. Nic Daéid","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1447","url":null,"abstract":"The use of forensic evidence has become indispensable in many countries and jurisdictions around the world; however, the dissemination of research advancements does not necessarily directly or easily reach the forensic science community. Reports from the INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium outline major areas that are of interest to forensic practitioners across the INTERPOL member countries. The information contained in the INTERPOL reports is extensive but can be challenging to process. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of trends within the INTERPOL reports over an 18 year period. References relating to 10 evidence types retrieved from the 14th to 19th INTERPOL IFSMS reports (2004 – 2019) were processed and compared with data exports from the citation database Scopus covering the same evidence types. The results from this work are summarized by investigating the relationships between the 10 evidence types. To explore the outputs a user-friendly R-Shiny application was developed and is freely available at: https://uod.ac.uk/lrcfsinterpolreportsexplorer. This article is categorized under:","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81954618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Clinical toxicology (CT) and forensic toxicology (FT) represent two disciplines of toxicology dedicated to the qualitative and quantitative analysis and respective interpretation of alcohol, drugs of abuse (DOA), over the counter (OTC), and prescription drugs or poisons, mainly in humans. Analytical challenges, such as the transient occurrence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the (il)legal drug market, insufficiently long detection windows of some DOAs, or the lack of objective measures to unambiguously proof sample manipulation as well as interpretative issues, for instance, the difficulty to discriminate occasional users from chronic/addictive ones still require further evaluation and research, though. Metabolomics is a rather new research field, aiming for qualitative, and quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds (small molecules with a molecular weight < 1000 Da) in an organism to identify changes related to a certain stimulus, for example, a drug intake. Over the last years, metabolomics has been established as a valuable tool in different disciplines, including very recently CT and FT. Analytical techniques usually applied include nuclear magnetic resonance and majorly hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), similar to the instrumentation used in CT and FT. We will summarize practical considerations for each step of a typical untargeted metabolome workflow (experimental set-up, sample collection and storage, analysis, data processing, statistics, and identification) in CT and FT, provide an update on the current applications of untargeted metabolome profiling and will critically discuss its benefits or lack thereof within the particular field. Abstract Clinical toxicology (CT) and forensic toxicology (FT) represent two disciplines of toxicology dedicated to the qualitative and quantitative analysis and respective interpretation of alcohol, drugs of abuse (DOA), over the counter (OTC), and prescription drugs or poisons, mainly in humans. Analytical challenges, such as the transient occurrence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the (il)legal drug market, insufficiently long detection windows of some DOAs, or the lack of objective measures to unambiguously proof sample manipulation as well as interpretative issues, for instance, the difficulty to discriminate occasional users from chronic/addictive ones still require further evaluation and research, though. Metabolomics is a rather new research field, aiming for qualitative, and quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds (small molecules with a molecular weight < 1000 Da) in an organism to identify changes related to a certain stimulus, for example, a drug intake. Over the last years, metabolomics has been established as a valuable tool in different disciplines, including very recently CT and FT. Analytical techniques usually applied include nuclear magnetic resonance and majorly hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), similar to the instrumentat
{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics approaches to improve casework in clinical and forensic toxicology—“Where are we standing and where are we heading?”","authors":"A. Steuer, Lana Brockbals, T. Kraemer","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1449","url":null,"abstract":": Clinical toxicology (CT) and forensic toxicology (FT) represent two disciplines of toxicology dedicated to the qualitative and quantitative analysis and respective interpretation of alcohol, drugs of abuse (DOA), over the counter (OTC), and prescription drugs or poisons, mainly in humans. Analytical challenges, such as the transient occurrence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the (il)legal drug market, insufficiently long detection windows of some DOAs, or the lack of objective measures to unambiguously proof sample manipulation as well as interpretative issues, for instance, the difficulty to discriminate occasional users from chronic/addictive ones still require further evaluation and research, though. Metabolomics is a rather new research field, aiming for qualitative, and quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds (small molecules with a molecular weight < 1000 Da) in an organism to identify changes related to a certain stimulus, for example, a drug intake. Over the last years, metabolomics has been established as a valuable tool in different disciplines, including very recently CT and FT. Analytical techniques usually applied include nuclear magnetic resonance and majorly hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), similar to the instrumentation used in CT and FT. We will summarize practical considerations for each step of a typical untargeted metabolome workflow (experimental set-up, sample collection and storage, analysis, data processing, statistics, and identification) in CT and FT, provide an update on the current applications of untargeted metabolome profiling and will critically discuss its benefits or lack thereof within the particular field. Abstract Clinical toxicology (CT) and forensic toxicology (FT) represent two disciplines of toxicology dedicated to the qualitative and quantitative analysis and respective interpretation of alcohol, drugs of abuse (DOA), over the counter (OTC), and prescription drugs or poisons, mainly in humans. Analytical challenges, such as the transient occurrence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the (il)legal drug market, insufficiently long detection windows of some DOAs, or the lack of objective measures to unambiguously proof sample manipulation as well as interpretative issues, for instance, the difficulty to discriminate occasional users from chronic/addictive ones still require further evaluation and research, though. Metabolomics is a rather new research field, aiming for qualitative, and quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds (small molecules with a molecular weight < 1000 Da) in an organism to identify changes related to a certain stimulus, for example, a drug intake. Over the last years, metabolomics has been established as a valuable tool in different disciplines, including very recently CT and FT. Analytical techniques usually applied include nuclear magnetic resonance and majorly hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), similar to the instrumentat","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89551118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forensic advisors: The missing link","authors":"S. Bitzer, M. Miranda, R. Bucht","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William R. Belcher, Calvin Y. Shiroma, L. Chesson, Gregory E. Berg, Miranda Jans
{"title":"The role of forensic anthropological techniques in identifying America's war dead from past conflicts","authors":"William R. Belcher, Calvin Y. Shiroma, L. Chesson, Gregory E. Berg, Miranda Jans","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87876972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Omic’ technologies have opened a new revolution in law enforcement and are now solving decades-old cold cases as well as current investigations. The Golden State Killer case is probably the most notable of the cold case investigations that has been solved by one of the new ‘omic’ technologies, namely forensic genetic genealogy. The resolution of this case epitomises the power of th e ‘omic’ technologies to solve crime whilst simultaneously unearthing serious legal and ethical concerns around the individuals’ privacy in the use of their genetic information. The legislation that is currently used by the state, territory and Commonwealth jurisdictions in Australia to regulate the use of DNA for criminal investigation is now two decades old and does not address the application of ‘omic’ technologies to criminal investigation. The Australian government is reviewing current privacy laws, and this review could include the use of ‘omic’ technologies . In the absence of specific legislation, law enforcement must continue to develop processes to consider privacy, law and ethics around the use of ‘omic’ technologies for criminal investi gation and the identification of human remains.
{"title":"Privacy implications of the new “omic” technologies in law enforcement","authors":"P. Roffey, N. Scudder","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1445","url":null,"abstract":"‘Omic’ technologies have opened a new revolution in law enforcement and are now solving decades-old cold cases as well as current investigations. The Golden State Killer case is probably the most notable of the cold case investigations that has been solved by one of the new ‘omic’ technologies, namely forensic genetic genealogy. The resolution of this case epitomises the power of th e ‘omic’ technologies to solve crime whilst simultaneously unearthing serious legal and ethical concerns around the individuals’ privacy in the use of their genetic information. The legislation that is currently used by the state, territory and Commonwealth jurisdictions in Australia to regulate the use of DNA for criminal investigation is now two decades old and does not address the application of ‘omic’ technologies to criminal investigation. The Australian government is reviewing current privacy laws, and this review could include the use of ‘omic’ technologies . In the absence of specific legislation, law enforcement must continue to develop processes to consider privacy, law and ethics around the use of ‘omic’ technologies for criminal investi gation and the identification of human remains.","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Argus: A centralized control system for preserving privacy during digital forensics investigations","authors":"Junsik Sim, Moonho Joo, Junghee Lee","doi":"10.1002/wfs2.1443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73953000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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