{"title":"Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations","authors":"A. Jones","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72619371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stable isotope signatures or profiles of physical evidence such as illicit drugs,explosives or human tissue provide information on source, origin, even sample his-tory not obtainable by traditionally applied analytical techniques of forensic chemistry. The discriminatory power, calculated as random match probability, of multivariate stable isotope signatures able to distinguish two cocaine samples from different regions in Colombia can range from one in tens of thousands to one in several million if based on the stable isotope abundances of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen or carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Stable isotope signatures of physical evidence have therefore at the very least great potential to provide invaluable forensic intelligence for intelligence led policing. They may even be of great evidentiary value, especially if corroborated by results from independent analytical techniques. This review aims to offer a glimpse into the fascinating world of forensic stable isotope analysis by discussing the various levels of information stable isotope signatures can provide. For reasons easily appreciated,only a select few instances of its application to criminal investigations have been reported in scientific journals thus far. The various applications of this technique presented in this review are therefore predominantly taken from peer-reviewed work published in scientific books and journals.
{"title":"Forensic stable isotope signatures: Comparing, geo‐locating, detecting linkage","authors":"W. Meier‐Augenstein","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1339","url":null,"abstract":"Stable isotope signatures or profiles of physical evidence such as illicit drugs,explosives or human tissue provide information on source, origin, even sample his-tory not obtainable by traditionally applied analytical techniques of forensic chemistry. The discriminatory power, calculated as random match probability, of multivariate stable isotope signatures able to distinguish two cocaine samples from different regions in Colombia can range from one in tens of thousands to one in several million if based on the stable isotope abundances of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen or carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Stable isotope signatures of physical evidence have therefore at the very least great potential to provide invaluable forensic intelligence for intelligence led policing. They may even be of great evidentiary value, especially if corroborated by results from independent analytical techniques. This review aims to offer a glimpse into the fascinating world of forensic stable isotope analysis by discussing the various levels of information stable isotope signatures can provide. For reasons easily appreciated,only a select few instances of its application to criminal investigations have been reported in scientific journals thus far. The various applications of this technique presented in this review are therefore predominantly taken from peer-reviewed work published in scientific books and journals.","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90931100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Losavio, P. Pastukov, Svetlana Polyakova, Xuan Zhang, Kam-pui Chow, A. Koltay, Joshua James, Miguel Etchart Ortiz
{"title":"The juridical spheres for digital forensics and electronic evidence in the insecure electronic world","authors":"M. Losavio, P. Pastukov, Svetlana Polyakova, Xuan Zhang, Kam-pui Chow, A. Koltay, Joshua James, Miguel Etchart Ortiz","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75285881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnographic methods offer huge potential in better understanding the professional profile, skills, expertise and working practices of the Crime Scene Examiner (CSE). However, to date, their use to study the CSE has been limited. We draw on our research on the CSE within England and Wales and studies from other settings to demonstrate some of the complex negotiations and everyday practices that take place in the performance of crime scene examination. We focus specifically on their training, activities and role
{"title":"Understanding crime scene examination through an ethnographic lens","authors":"D. Wyatt, Dana Wilson‐Kovacs","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1357","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnographic methods offer huge potential in better understanding the professional profile, skills, expertise and working practices of the Crime Scene Examiner (CSE). However, to date, their use to study the CSE has been limited. We draw on our research on the CSE within England and Wales and studies from other settings to demonstrate some of the complex negotiations and everyday practices that take place in the performance of crime scene examination. We focus specifically on their training, activities and role","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89044170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Russell, Stuart Cooper, R. Wivell, Zane Kerr, Duncan A. Taylor, J. Buckleton, J. Bright
Until recently, forensic DNA profile interpretation was predominantly a manual, time consuming process undertaken by analysts using heuristics to determine those genotype combinations that could reasonably explain a recovered profile. Probabilistic genotyping (PG) has now become commonplace in the interpretation of DNA profiling evidence. As the complexity of PG necessitates the use of algorithms and modern computing power it has been dubbed by some critics as a ‘black box’ approach. Here we discuss the wealth of information that is provided within the output of STRmix™, one example of a continuous PG system. We discuss how this information can be evaluated by analysts either to give confidence in the results or to indicate that further interpretation may be warranted. Specifically, we discuss the ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ diagnostics output by STRmix™ and give some context to the values that may be observed.
{"title":"A guide to results and diagnostics within a STRmix™ report","authors":"Laura Russell, Stuart Cooper, R. Wivell, Zane Kerr, Duncan A. Taylor, J. Buckleton, J. Bright","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1354","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, forensic DNA profile\u0000interpretation was predominantly a manual, time consuming process undertaken by\u0000analysts using heuristics to determine those genotype combinations that could\u0000reasonably explain a recovered profile. Probabilistic genotyping (PG) has now\u0000become commonplace in the interpretation of DNA profiling evidence. As the\u0000complexity of PG necessitates the use of algorithms and modern computing power\u0000it has been dubbed by some critics as a ‘black box’ approach. Here we discuss\u0000the wealth of information that is provided within the output of STRmix™, one\u0000example of a continuous PG system. We\u0000discuss how this information can be evaluated by analysts either to give\u0000confidence in the results or to indicate that further interpretation may be\u0000warranted. Specifically, we discuss the ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ diagnostics\u0000output by STRmix™ and give some context to the values that may be observed.","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85076296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlling fingermark variability for research purposes: A review","authors":"Romain Steiner, C. Roux, S. Moret","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats in forensics—Sexing, profiling, and matching male DNA","authors":"L. Roewer","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of direct polymerase chain reaction of DNA and RNA for forensic purposes","authors":"Courtney Lynch, R. Fleming","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75578726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tayla E. M. Schaapveld, Stephanie L. Opperman, S. Harbison
{"title":"Bayesian networks for the interpretation of biological evidence","authors":"Tayla E. M. Schaapveld, Stephanie L. Opperman, S. Harbison","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolution of environmental forensics: From laboratory to field analysis","authors":"V. Spikmans","doi":"10.1002/WFS2.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/WFS2.1334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75325,"journal":{"name":"WIREs. Forensic science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74908894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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