Acta obstetrica et gynaecologica Japonica最新文献

Effects of new anticancer drug Cis-platinum dichloride (CPDD) on yolk sac tumor were studied. Human yolk sac tumor serially transplanted in BALB/c nude mice (YST-1) was used as material in this experiment. Two administration methods of CPDD were examined and compared. 1) CPDD 5 mg/kg X 1 day X 4 2) CPDD i mg/kg X 5 days X 4. Tumor size was measured and serum AFP of nude mice was determined by radioimmunoassay method during experiments. At the end of experiments, treated tumor was resected and examined by light and electron microscopy. Results as follows: 1. CPDD was active in regressing yolk sac tumor at doses of 5 mg/kg given as a single treatment and doses of 1 mg/kg given daily for five days. It appeared that CPDD showed higher activity against tumors by daily injections at doses of 1 mg/kg. 2. Close correlation was recognized between tumor size and serum AFP of nude mice ((r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). Serum AFP of tumor-bearing nude mice revealed to be a useful marker of yolk sac tumor also in nude mice as in human patient. 3. Effect of CPDD on tumor cells was confirmed by light and electron microscopy.

The involvement of prostaglandins (PGs) in the process of ovulation was studied. 1) The superovulation of immature rat was blocked by indomethacin dose dependently and which was reversed by the administration of PGs. 2) Preovulatory increase of PGs was observed in the ovaries of rats and follicular fluid of gilts. 3) Immature rat follicle synthesised PGE, PGF, and 6ketoPGF1 alpha in organ culture. This synthesis was activated by hCG and suppressed by actinomycin D and puromycin. 4) Production of PGs by gilt and human follicles was observed and which was activated by hCG.

Polyamines are ubiquitously distributing amines in living organs, and have close relation to nucleic acids and cell proliferation. But there are few reports about polyamines in the obstetric field. So we measured blood polyamines, i.e. putrescine, spermidine and spermine in pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and neonatal period, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We discuss about red blood cell polyamines because RBCs contain about 80% blood polyamines. Spermidine and spermine concentration begin to increase with pregnancy, and rapidly increase from the 5th lunar month and keep high levels during the 7-9th lunar month, the decrease at term. In puerperium, spermine, as opposed to spermidine, takes higher value than that of the term. Putrescine, however, keeps almost the same level as non-pregnangs during pregnancy and puerperium. At delivery, the umbilical blood contains significantly higher polyamines than the maternal blood, but there are no differences between umbilical artery and vein. In neonatal period, each polyamine shows slight increase at the first day after birth. Thereafter, putrescine keeps the same level till the 7th day, but spermidine and spermine gradually decrease day by day. These data suggest that polyamines are reflecting the function of bone marrow erythropoiesis and reproduction.

To clarify the mechanism of labor onset, the effect of exogenous oxytocin (OT) on tissue prostaglandin (PG) formation was studied in vivo. Changes of PG concentrations of the uterine venous plasma, myometrium, fetal and maternal cotyledons of placenta, and parietal decidua of late pregnant rabbits were evaluated between just before and 10 minutes after administration of 10 IU of OT. PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha were extracted from each tissue by Inagawa's method and measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of PGE1 (344-1,280 ng/g wet weight) and PGE2 (656-3,000 ng/g wet weight) of the fetal cotyledon were 2-30 times higher than those of other tissues regardless of OT administration. Differences in PG concentrations between before and after OT administration were compared. The results were: 1) Changes of PGs in the plasma, fetal cotyledon, and parietal decidua showed no definite tendency after OT administration. 2) In the myometrium, all measured PG decreased after OT administration, suggesting that tissue PGs are not concerned with myometrial contraction when induced by exogenous OT. 3) In the maternal cotyledon of the placenta, PGs increased after OT administration, suggesting that the maternal cotyledon is the only site having close relationship between OT administration and PGs formation in vivo.

To elucidate the mechanism of trophoblastic invasion, implantation sites removed from human uteri of early gestational stages of 7 to 10 week were investigated by electron microscopy. Almost all trophoblast cells which penetrated the fibrinoid layer and invaded into decidual tissue were cytotrophoblast cells, and abundant close-contacts between the cytotrophoblast and decidual cells were recognized in this site. The close-contact patterns which were composed of simple apposition, cytoplasmic projection from both cells and mixture of those without fusion were classified into five types. At the time of close-contact, the decidual cells showed the altered structures in various degrees, but never did they alter so strongly as to appear to have died completely. Thus, it is deduced that the influence from cytotrophoblast cells did not cause the destruction of the decidual cells but only biological inactivation of the cells. It is of great significance to the immunological problem between fetus and mother that the cytotrophoblast cells which are fetal epithelial cells can be in close-contact with decidual cells which are maternal stromal cells. Further confirmation relating to the production and transcellular transfer patterns of the information materials should be awaited in future.

These case is described of a woman with repeated stillbirths. Her serum contained high-titered anti-M antibodies. Treatment of the serum with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in do reduction in anti-M titer. The serum fraction consisting mainly of IgG exhibited a markedly high anti-M titer compared with the IgM fraction. Anti-M antibodies eluted from OM red cells could be removed by precipitation with specific anti-IgG. Thus, the repeated stillbirths are ascribed to IgG and anti-M antibodies were formed during incompatible pregnancy and crossed the placenta.

In order to check the safety of diagnostic continuous wave ultrasonic irradiation, a clinical study, serum hemoglobin level and scanning electron microscopic finding of ultrasound irradiated blood were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical study: Ultrasonic examination were carried out on 6788 pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation. In test group, rate of abortion and premature delivery, fetal malformation and small for date gestation were not significant higher than those of control group. Neither timing of first examination nor number of examinations at the first trimester seemed to increase above mentioned abnormality. 2. Serum hemoglobin level: Blood exposed 2 to 12 hours to low intensity ultrasound (20 mw/cm2) showed significantly higher serum hemoglobin level than that of control group. However, blood exposed 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound (2.6 w/cm2) have significant higher hemoglobin level than that of control group. 3. Scanning electron microscopic finding: Erythrocyte exposed 4 to 24 hours to low intensity ultrasound have no significantly different scanning electron microscopic finding when compared to that of control group. However, deformed erythrocytes were significantly higher than those of control group after exposure to 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound.

It has recently been demonstrated that prostaglandins play an important role in human reproductive system. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the involvement of PGs in the onset of menstruation and in the cause of dysmenorrhea. In human endometrium PGF2 alpha were found in large amount in late luteal phase and especially in premenstrual period. PGE1 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in menstrual bloods were 3 to 4 times higher in dysmenorrheic subjects as compared to normal women. The high PGE1 and PGF2 alpha concentration of patients decreased to normal level in naproxen treated cycle. And the intensity of abdominal pain and lumbago decreased simultaneously. On the other hand, in normal woman, naproxen gave little effect on PGs concentration of menstrual fluids. High levels of PGs in dysmenorrheic subjects, decrease of PGs concentration by naproxen treatment and simultaneous alleviation of pain suggest the involvement of PGs in the cause of dysmenorrhea.