Angewandte Parasitologie最新文献

Pseudocryptogonimus pakistanensis n.g., n. sp., is described from freshwater fish Labeo rohita from Kalri Lake, Sind, Pakistan. It is characterised by possessing spines at the basal margin of oral sucker; testes, postequatorial, subsymmetrical; vitellaria lateral to ovary in middle of hindbody, confluent in postovarian region and reaching to level of testes; ovary flattened; genital pore antero-lateral to acetabulum; seminal vesicle large and ejaculatory duct long. Subfamily Neochasminae Van Cleave et Mueller, 1932 is being emended.

Results and experiences of some immunodiagnostic methods for amebiasis. Experiences concerning the laboratory diagnosis of invasive amebiasis are described and discussed. Technics used include the Passive Hemagglutination Test with E. histolytica antigen (Behring FRG) and sheep erythrocytes as carrier and the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Reaction (IFAR) with corpuscular antigen prepared from cultures of E. histolytica strain HK 9. Comparatively for a part infected hamster liver (Dr. Richle strain) has been used as antigen. We conclude that IFAR with HK 9 antigen is more sensitive than the other tests. It has been proved useful in the diagnosis of extraintestinal amebiasis (antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:160).

In the present study we describe the morphological and morphometric alterations induced by Trypanosoma cruzi (Bolivia strain) on the mice parotid gland, and the action of cocaine on the development of the gland of growing infected animals. The acinar cells of animals inoculated 28 d after birth showed reduced eosinophilia, greater chromatin condensation, reduced height, and basally dislocated nucleus. The area occupied by the acini was decreased and the nuclear volume was reduced. Reduced height of epithelial cells and decreased nuclear volume occurred in the striated and excretory ducts. The presence of lymphoplasmocyte infiltrates was also observed. The present results indicate delayed development of the infected mouse parotid gland. Our results indicate that cocaine perceptibly reduced the atrophy of the acinar cells and minimized the histopathological changes caused by T. cruzi in the parotid gland, in addition to significantly increasing the survival of infected animals. The presence of stroma with dilated capillaries and frequent inflammatory infiltrates showed that cocaine does not interfere with the inflammatory response.

Testing of a modified Toxoplasma immunosorbent adsorption assay (IgM-ISAGA) for proving of Toxoplasma specific IgM antibodies. The IgM-ISAGA was assessed for the possibility of its application as a routine method in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis and was compared with the IgM-IFT. On examination for specific on 136 sera, no false-positive results were obtained in the IgM-ISAGA in contrast to 5 false-positives in the IgM-IFT, due to the presence of rheumatoid factor. Its sensitivity was tested on 162 sera. The IgM-ISAGA reacted positive in 89 cases, the IgM-IFT in only 51. It was concluded that the IgM-ISAGA is a simple, sensitive and highly specific test applicable in smaller laboratories as a confirmatory reaction in the control of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and in confirmation of connatal toxoplasmosis.

Capillaria (Nematoda, Trichuridae) of wild boar in Austria. In a research on Capillaria species with wild boar in Austria 2 species could be found, C. spec. in the stomach and C. garfiai in the tongue. The morphological characteristics of both species were described and represented C. spec. could only be detected in one of 105 stomachs and intestines. C. garfiai, however, could be proved in 77 (= 69%) of 112 examined tongues. C. garfiai which parasitizes in the tongue epithelium causes pathological changes only to a slight degree, so that it is of almost no pathogenic significance. The frequency of infestation with eggs of Capillaria (with a high probability of C. garfiai) was 14.4% of 319 examined samples of faeces. The validity of C. spec. is discussed. Both species were detected at wild boar in Austria for the first time.

9 helminth species were found in a young mallard by helminthological dissection of its alimentary tract. The severe pathological alterations in the gut were caused by Filicollis anatis. One female acanthocephalan had entered the pancreas with its proboscis via one of the efferent ducts and caused an inflammation.

Both the uptake of C3-opsonized and of nonopsonized bakers' yeast is inhibited by 1 mM trypan blue. This effect may be explained by inactivation of the C3bi-receptor. But trypan blue also inhibited the uptake of other non-opsonized particles lacking specially binding domains for this receptor. - Suramin has antiphagocytic properties at 1 mM concentration which were explained by its anticomplementary activity. However, the uptake of nonopsonized particles is also inhibited by suramin. The importance of these effects for therapeutic utilization is discussed.

A review is given on recent knowledge of the genera Caryospora, Isospora, Cystoisospora, Hammondia, Toxoplasma, Besnoitia, Sarcocystis and Frenkelia. Caryospora hitherto considered to be monoxenous was found to have an optional intermediate host. Many Isospora species had to be transferred to the genus Cystoisospora because optional intermediate hosts were discovered. The obligatory two-host genus Hammondia could be confirmed to be distinct from the genus Toxoplasma. Even though the life cycles of Besnoitia wallacei and B. darlingi could be elucidated, the mode of transmission of B. besnoiti which is of considerable economic importance is still unknown. Since the discovery of the life cycle of the sarcosporidia in 1972 more than 600 papers have been published on this parasite. At present, 122 Sarcocystis species are named, and of 56 species both the definitive and intermediate hosts are known. It was shown that not only carnivorous and omnivorous mammals but also birds of prey, owls, and reptiles are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis species. the close relationship between the genera Sarcocystis and Frenkelia was confirmed by several investigators. Biology and Sarcocystis are of special interest. In the developmental cycle of most Sarcocystis species there are two schizogonic generations in endothelial cells of blood vessels, and in some species there is an additional asexual multiplication by endodyogeny in white blood cells. Some Sarcocystis species are highly pathogenic in non-immune intermediate hosts. Moreover, the sarcocysts which hitherto have been considered to be apathogenic may impair their hosts. In horses, they may cause myopathy, and in pigs, they have considerable influence on several parameters determining meat quality.

Larval Echinococcus multilocularis was found in a nutria (Myocastor coypus) on a fur farm situated south of the Thuringian Forest near the border the Federal Republic of Germany. This finding is of epidemiological importance. Investigations of 67 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) originating from this area and the whole Erfurt Region (Thuringia) did not reveal the presence of adult E. multilocularis.

A short report is given on the importance of the infections of people by Giardia lamblia with special consideration of epidemiological and immunological aspects. Results of the investigations of children from different day-care centres in large town also proved interactions with pathogenic and apathogenic bacteria. The prevalence in children with diarrhoea was up to 50% contrary to children without diarrhoea (up to 14%). Adults were infected with Giardia lamblia up to 3%. Environmental investigations of the sources of infection had negative results.