Angewandte Parasitologie最新文献

The aim of the epidemiological analysis was to detect the distribution and changes in the incidence of Taenia saginata and to find the relations between taeniosis and cysticercosis in the district of Halle (Saale). The morbidity rate of taeniosis was calculated at first by the number of notified cases and also by the quantity of anthelmintics in the treatment of T. saginata infections in humans. The morbidity based on notifications did not show any relations to the frequency of metacestodes of T. saginata in cattle. This morbidity rate gave an exact relation to the number of notified cases but not to the number of real cases of cestodes in humans. On the contrary, the theoretical morbidity based on used anthelmintics developed parallel to the degree of infestation in cattle. Therefore this theoretical morbidity is very suitable for epidemiological studies of taeniosis.

In field tests for the control of house fly larvae in dung heaps of a pig fattening and breeding farm with Neporex SP 50 revealed, that the same species of parasitoids (Muscidifurax raptor, Spalangia nigroaenea, S. cameroni, Phygadeuon fumator) were capable to develop in cyromazine-damaged, larviform host puparia as in undamaged puparia. The parasitization rate is, however, about 3 times and the hatch of flies is twice as high in normal formed puparia compared with larviform puparia. Comparing the attractivity of untreated normal puparia with cyromazine-damaged, larviform puparia under laboratory conditions showed that the mentioned puparia gave rise to 2-3 times as much parasitoids. Rearing M. raptor and M. zaraptor on larviform host puparia in the laboratory led to a distinct decrease in the development of the parasitoid between populations within 3 ... 5 generations. Parasitoids emerged from larviform and from undamaged puparia showed not differences in their life dates in the F1 generation.

Three groups of 8 first year grazing calves each were either left untreated as controls (group 1), or were treated with 10 mg levamisole spot-on/kg bodyweight (group 2) or with 0.5 mg ivermectin pour-on/kg bodyweight 3, 8, and 13 weeks after turnout (group 3), respectively. Egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm counts of tracer calves, pepsinogen concentrations and weight gains showed a high efficacy of the strategic treatment in group 3 against gastrointestinal nematodes. The calves of group 1 and 2 developed clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis whereas the group 3 animals remained clinically healthy. The strategic treatment with ivermectin cleaned the respective pasture from infective lungworm larvae.

Unselected stool specimens from a total of 2,944 individuals with diarrhoea including 1,172 children under 14 years of age were investigated for Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Magdeburg area from 1987 to 1988, 43 (1.46%) were found positive. Three of these were additionally infected with bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter species). In all cases the symptoms of diarrhoea ceased spontaneously after an average of 8 days. The incidence was highest among children and infants under 6 years of age (2.50%). No cryptosporidia were found in stool specimens of 570 healthy individuals of all age groups. Cysts of Giardia sp. were detected more frequently in healthy than in diarrhoeic individuals (3.3% and 2.0%, respectively). The postulation to search for cryptosporidia in all cases of diarrhoea lasting longer than two days is inferred from these results.

An investigation was carried out on the incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis amongst pregnant women in Jos area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The pregnant women were made up of 250 women from Jos metropolis and 250 women from Jos rural area. Jos Metropolis women were found to have 37.6% rate of infection while Jos rural women were found to have 24.8% rate of infection. The pH range of the infected women was found to lie between 6-8. Their vaginal discharges were found to be frothy and greenish-yellow with a typical odour. Some had vulval irritations. Some reported that they had slight temperature rises above 37 degrees C in the nights. The infected women either belonged to the working class or were self employed. There was more infection amongst the working class women in the metropolis while the opposite was the case in Jos rural area. Some of the infected women had trichomoniasis alone while some were found to have mixed infection like trichomoniasis and candidosis, trichomoniasis and gonorrhoea or trichomoniasis, candidosis and gonorrhoea. The implications of these results are discussed.

Male and female Channa striatus (BL.) and Labeo rohita (HAM.) were examined monthly for Pallisentis ophiocephali (THAPAR, 1930) and Acanthosentis betwai (TRIPATHI, 1959) infections for a period of two years. C. striatus showed greater proportion of infection with P. ophiocephali in March to May and males were significantly more infected than females. L. rohita showed greater infection with A. betwai in June and July and sexes were not differentially affected. The frequencies of male and female P. ophiocephali and A. betwai in the overall sample did not depart significantly from the expected ratio of 1:1 and 2:3 though in certain months the deviation from these ratios was significant.

Blood samples from 329 dogs of an hyperendemic area in Northern Italy were examined for filariosis. At the filter method (5 microns), taken as reference test, 163 (49.5%) were positive: 160 for Dirofilaria immitis, 2 for D. repens and 1 for both species. The direct smear test (DS), the modified Knott technique (KT) and a further modification of the Knott technique (MKT) were performed in order to assess their relative sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). The relative SE values are of 88.3%, 91.0% and 91.8% for DS, KT and MKT, respectively. Only the DS relative SP value (99.3%) is less than 100%. Also the PPV and NPV are very high (all above 89%) as well as the values of the coefficient Kappa (all above 0.8), a measure of the concordance between the results of the FT and of the comparison tests.

Chloromyxum sp. is described from the kidney of one to four years old brown trout from Thuringia. This species is not distinguishable from C. wardi by light microscopy, but is not identified here with that species because of the different location.