Annales d'anatomie pathologique最新文献

Comparing the cytogenetic and morphological data on cases of hyperplasia and neoplasia of the trophoblast allows some conditions to be better defined and separated. The term partial mole or embryonic mole should be replaced by the term triploid syndrome because of the especially strong correlation between the triploid caryotype and the special aspect of the placenta. Triploidy is usually the result of fecundation of a haploid ovule by two spermatozoids, probably due to the similarity of the haploids of the two parents, as is suggested by the study of HLA antigens. Classical hydatidiform mole, or perivillous trophoblastic hyperplasia, is usually discovered earlier, during an ultrasound examination or abortion and its histological diagnosis is easy. The caryotype of complete hydatidiform mole is diploid, nearly always XX, with the two sex chromosomes coming from the father (the maternal sex chromosome being eliminated). The caryotype of vesicular dystrophia without trophoblastic hyperplasia is, on the other hand, normal. Trophoblastic microcarcinomas have a better known presentation. And trophoblastic carcinomas are distinct from non-trophoblastic neoplasms which secrete HCG and from benign trophoblastic pseudo-tumors which are often non-secretory.

The Richner-Hanhart syndrome corresponds to a tyrosine elevation in serum due to deficit in soluble tyrosine aminotransferase in liver cells. This new enzymopathy which is transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode is called oculocutaneous tyrosinosis. It is curable by a poor diet in tyrosine and its precursors. The diagnosis has been invoked in a 18 months old girl, on the association of punctuate palmar and plantar keratosis, dentritic ulcerated keratitis, and mental retardation. The diagnosis is confirmed by elevation of tyrosinemia to 52 mgs/100 mls associated with a high urinary elimination of tyrosine and plenylcetonic acid. Absences of anomaly in the metabolism of methionin and hepatorenal absence of disturbance of hepatorenal system is characteristic. The keratosis accompany orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. The keratinocytes show 2 types of anomaly ranged in strates in the epiderm. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles which include or lead to pseudomyelinic formations extend progressively from the mitochondrial alterations in the epidemial basal layers. Bulky polyhedral electron dense particles are found in the cytoplasm of the superficial keratinocytes. Most of these aspects have been demonstrated anteriorly in the keratinocytes and the cornea; on the other hand, signs of mitochondrial sulferance had not been observed. The genesis of these cellular alterations based on the liberation of lysosomial enzymes by the action of crystals of tyrosine has been suggested by Goldsmith from experimental facts. However, it seems the mitochondrial defect occurs outside this mechanism.

Using an experimental model of genetic diabetes (DBM mouse) a comparison was made of the results of quantitative data obtained by light and electron microscopy (measurement of glomerular and mesangial surface areas, assessment of the thickness of the basal membrane and its irregularities) and was used to demonstrate the actual presence of glomerulosclerosis in the renal parenchyma of 31 diabetic animals. In addition, immunofluorescent investigations in these same animals demonstrated the presence of serum proteins (in particular immunoglobulins and albumin) in the glomerulus and the tubular basal membrane. These substances transude through the vessels as a result of increased vascular permeability. In this area, membrane abnormalities are not a consequence of hyperglycaemia. In the group, one batch of animals in which hyperglycaemia was partially reduced by glycoregulatory therapy showed the same glomerular changes. Amongst other factors, the possible role of hyperinsulinaemia constantly present in these animals, regardless of their blood glucose level, is worthy of considération.

In a case of white sponge naevus type congenital buccal keratosis, electron microscopic study revealed severe disturbances in filamentogenesis which was insufficient (pale cells) or on the contrary excessive and anarchic (dark cells) and, to a lesser degree, corneal maturation. This was accompanied by slight abnormalities of the cellular junctions, rarely described in such a condition up to the present time. With regard to the delayed epithelial exfoliation typical of this condition, the manner and causes of its development are discussed in the light of ultrastructural findings.

The chronology of carcinoma of the breast based upon the size of the primary tumour and of its metastatic nodes in a simple exponential growth model leads to anomalies. The Gompertz model may be substituted for it in order to date the primary tumour and its metastases at the price of a hypothesis: the asymptotic size of the carcinoma. Its value has little influence on the initial doubling times chosen as a new time unit. 337 radical mastectomy specimens out of 500 examined fulfilled the necessary conditions for a precise quantitative study. If the age of the lesion expressed by taking the initial doubling time as a time unit is called K, the mean age of the primary carcinoma at the time of the first metastasis (FM) is K = 35. Its size is 15 mm3 and its diameter 3 mm. 90% of lymph node metastases occurred at K = 43 (size of primary carcinoma 125 mm3; diameter 6 mm). These results are in agreement with others obtained on theoretical or experimental bases. They tend to show that the earliest diagnosis, taking technical possibilities into account, cannot be early enough to precede lymphatic spread.

Three groups of white mice were used. The experiment took place over 138 days. The first Group was used as a control group. The second group was exposed to continuous stress (Population Stress). The third Group was exposed to chronic Stress by electroshock with 22-45 volts for a duration of 4 seconds each minute for one hour each day. The blood vessels are the first to be affected quickly followed by degenerative changes of the glomeruli, which are possible due to hemodynamic disturbances, results in progressive destruction of the kidneys. The following pathanatomical changes were found in the stressed kidneys. (1) Spasm of the arterioles and dilation of the veins. (2) Excavation of hemolysed RBC into Bowmans Capsule. (3) Retraction of the glomerula apparatus with degenerative changes of the cells which to a great extent reached total necrosis or even total destruction of the whole glomerulus. (4) Injury to the renal tubules : the cells of the renal tubules were found edematous with unclear borders between cells in the renal cortex and protoplasmic atrophy medullary cells. The observations derived from this work clearly show that stress causes functional disturbances and histologic changes in the kidneys of white mice.

A report concerning the histochemical methods used to differentiate mucosubstances and certain technical modifications made with the aim of obtaining better results : 1) rapid passage in a solution at pH1 after alcian blue reaction in order to ensure staining of sulfate mucosubstances only ; 20 plunging of sections first in FeCl for 10 minutes by the H.I.D. method ; 3) in the methylation reaction the optimum time is 12 hours.

In this paper the ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes which were experimentally induced by oral and parenteral iron overloading in Sprague-Dawley rats fed on a steatogenous U.A.R. 2-13 diet are analysed. The changes in the mitochondria consisted of flocculation, vesiculation and crystolysis. The R.E.G. showed marked phenomena of dilatation degranulation and fragmentation. The lysosomes became more numerous and increased their content of ferric macromolecules. Degenerative nuclear phenomena were also seen. A microanalytic study of the cellular organelles and nucleus was done relating the cellular lesion and the intracellular distribution of the iron.

The authors report a case of Degos' malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP) with typical skin lesions from a clinical and histological standpoint. They stress in particular the ultrastructural study of skin biopsies which revealed numerous "paramyxovirus-like" tubulo-reticular structures in the endothelial cells, lymphocytes of the perivascular infiltrate, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Although the significance of these inclusions remains open to discussion and is probably non-specific, their frequency in MAP is worthy of emphasis.