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Optimal band pass filtering of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in neonates. 新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射的最佳带通滤波。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073005
P Ravazzani, G Tognola, F Grandori

This paper investigated the performance of an optimal bandpass filtering technique to effectively identify click evoked otoacoustic emissions in neonates. The frequency response of the filter was optimized by maximizing the correlation coefficient between two replicate recordings (reproducibility). The optimal cut-off frequencies were also set by controlling the maximum energy loss after filtering to stop the crucial response contents being filtered along with the noise. As an additional constraint, the cut-off frequencies were forced to be outside the range of 1.6 to 4.2 kHz to avoid (in a response identification task) the spontaneous otoacoustic emissions from polarizing the cut-offs and thereby filtering fundamental frequency components, thus leading to an erroneous response classification. The best performance of the optimal filter in terms of increasing the post-filtering reproducibility was obtained when the procedure was applied to recordings whose reproducibility before filtering ranged between 60 and 80 per cent, i.e. for responses classified in most cases as partial pass.

本文研究了一种最优带通滤波技术的性能,以有效识别新生儿的点击引起的耳声发射。通过最大化两个重复记录之间的相关系数(再现性)来优化滤波器的频率响应。通过控制滤波后的最大能量损失来设定最佳截止频率,以阻止关键响应内容随噪声一起被滤波。作为额外的约束,截止频率被迫在1.6至4.2 kHz的范围之外,以避免(在响应识别任务中)由极化截止频率产生的自发耳声发射,从而过滤基频分量,从而导致错误的响应分类。在提高过滤后的再现性方面,最佳过滤器的最佳性能是在将该程序应用于过滤前再现性范围在60%至80%之间的记录时获得的,即在大多数情况下归类为部分通过的响应。
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引用次数: 14
Speech intelligibility in noisy environments with one- and two-microphone hearing aids. 使用单麦克风和双麦克风助听器在嘈杂环境中的语音清晰度。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073008
J Wouters, L Litière, A van Wieringen

In this study speech intelligibility in background noise was evaluated with 10 binaural hearing-aid users for hearing aids with one omnidirectional microphone and a hearing aid with a two-microphone configuration (enabling an omnidirectional as well as a directional mode). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements were carried out for three different types of background noise (speech-weighted noise, traffic noise and restaurant noise) and two kinds of speech material (bisyllabic word lists and sentences). The average SNR improvement of the directional microphone configuration relative to the omnidirectional one was 3.4 dB for noise presented from 90 degrees azimuth. This improvement was independent of the specific type of noise and speech material, indicating that one speech-in-noise condition may yield enough relevant information in the evaluation of directional microphones and speech understanding in noise.

在本研究中,对10名双耳助听器使用者在背景噪声下的语音清晰度进行了评估,这些助听器使用一个全向麦克风和一个双麦克风配置的助听器(既可以使用全向模式,也可以使用定向模式)。对三种不同类型的背景噪声(语音加权噪声、交通噪声和餐馆噪声)和两种语音材料(双音词表和句子)进行信噪比(SNR)测量。在90度方位噪声情况下,与全向麦克风相比,定向麦克风的平均信噪比提高了3.4 dB。这种改进与噪声和语音材料的具体类型无关,表明一种噪声中的语音条件可能在评估定向麦克风和噪声中的语音理解方面产生足够的相关信息。
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引用次数: 67
Predictors of cochlear implant performance. 人工耳蜗植入效果的预测因素。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073010
J E van Dijk, A F van Olphen, M C Langereis, L H Mens, J P Brokx, G F Smoorenburg

Open set speech understanding with cochlear implants, without speechreading, is nowadays a common finding. However, there is a large variation in speech understanding between cochlear implant users. We tried to find pre-operative parameters which predicted the post-operative results. Thirty-seven adult post-lingually deafened Nucleus cochlear implant users with a mean age of 46 years (range 16 68) and a mean duration of deafness of 15 years (range 1.5-47) were studied. Pre-operatively, we performed pure-tone audiometry, round window and ear canal electrical stimulation, psychological tests and imaging. Additionally, we measured pre-operatively speech understanding in the auditory, the visual and the audiovisual conditions with several tests which were also administered after 6 and 12 months' implant experience. Correlation analysis between the pre-operative variables and the post-operative factors showed that duration of deafness and residual hearing are the most important predictors. The temporal difference limen in pre-operative round window electrical stimulation is a secondary predictor.

使用人工耳蜗进行开放集语音理解,而不需要语音阅读,是目前的一项普遍发现。然而,人工耳蜗使用者之间的言语理解存在很大差异。我们试图找到预测术后结果的术前参数。研究对象为37名成年语后耳聋人工耳蜗植入者,平均年龄为46岁(范围16 - 68岁),平均耳聋持续时间为15年(范围1.5-47岁)。术前进行纯音听力学、圆窗及耳道电刺激、心理测试及影像学检查。此外,我们通过几个测试测量了术前听觉、视觉和视听条件下的语言理解能力,这些测试也在植入6个月和12个月后进行。术前变量与术后因素的相关分析显示,耳聋持续时间和残余听力是最重要的预测因素。术前圆窗电刺激的时间差阈值是次要预测因子。
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引用次数: 151
European Consensus Statement on Neonatal Hearing Screening. 欧洲新生儿听力筛查共识声明。
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引用次数: 0
Sound localization for a virtual sound source in cases of chronic otitis media. 慢性中耳炎病例中虚拟声源的声音定位。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073007
T Kawase, T Koiwa, R Yuasa, Y Yuasa, H Hidaka, T Takasaka, K Ozawa, Y Suzuki, T Sone

Sound localization in subjects with chronic otitis media (COM) was examined before and soon after ear surgery by means of virtual sound presented by headphones, sound being synthesized based on the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) in a normal subject. The localization ability in COM patients was usually worse than that in normal subjects, but was better than expected when compared with cases of acute loss. On the other hand, the effects of hearing improvement on localization ability observed in COM patients were smaller than those of simulated acute hearing loss achieved by earplugs in normal subjects. This seems to suggest that the localization cues in patients with chronic hearing loss are different from those under normal conditions.

慢性中耳炎(COM)患者在耳部手术前和手术后不久,通过耳机呈现的虚拟声音来检测声音定位,声音是根据正常受试者的头部相关传递函数(hrtf)合成的。COM患者的定位能力通常比正常人差,但与急性丢失病例相比,定位能力好于预期。另一方面,听力改善对COM患者定位能力的影响小于耳塞对正常人模拟急性听力损失的影响。这似乎表明慢性听力损失患者的定位提示与正常情况下的患者不同。
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引用次数: 3
A longitudinal study of the validity of parental reporting in the detection of otitis media and related hearing impairment in infancy. 父母报告在婴儿中耳炎及相关听力障碍检测中的有效性的纵向研究。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073006
L J Anteunis, J A Engel, J J Hendriks, J J Manni

A total of 150 full-term and 66 pre-term infants were selected at birth and prospectively examined at three-monthly intervals from birth until the age of 27 months. Parental reports of middle ear infection and/or hearing impairment were obtained prior to otoscopic and audiometric evaluation. The relationships between parental reports and the diagnoses acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME) and hearing impairment (HI), were assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values, using the data obtained during the follow-up period. AOM and OME were diagnosed using otoscopy and tympanometry. Hearing was assessed by conditioned orientation reflex audiometry. HI was defined as averaged thresholds > or = 20 dB compared with age-appropriate response levels. Despite the repeated feedback which parents received on the middle ear condition and hearing of their infants, the majority fail to recognize the presence of AOM, OME and HI. The limited sensitivity of parental reporting should discourage both researchers and clinicians from using it as a diagnostic or monitoring instrument, but they should not disregard parental concern when confronted with it.

在出生时选择150个足月婴儿和66个早产儿,从出生到27个月,每隔三个月进行前瞻性检查。父母报告中耳感染和/或听力障碍在耳镜和听力测量评估之前获得。利用随访期间获得的数据,评估父母报告与诊断急性中耳炎(AOM)、渗出性中耳炎(OME)和听力障碍(HI)之间的关系,包括敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值和阴性预测值。采用耳镜和鼓室测量法诊断急性中耳炎和急性中耳炎。用条件定向反射测听法测定听力。HI定义为与年龄相适应的反应水平相比,平均阈值>或= 20 dB。尽管家长多次收到关于婴儿中耳状况和听力的反馈,但大多数家长未能认识到AOM、OME和HI的存在。父母报告的有限敏感性应该阻止研究人员和临床医生使用它作为诊断或监测工具,但他们不应该忽视父母的关注,当面对它。
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引用次数: 33
Clinical evaluation of a full-digital in-the-ear hearing instrument. 全数字耳内助听器的临床评价。
Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909073009
M Boymans, W A Dreschler, P Schoneveld, H Verschuure

In this study we measured the efficacy of a digital hearing aid with compression and noise reduction in a well-controlled clinical field trial in two independent centres. The experiments focused on a number of aspects of the application of the digital hearing aids. The study combines a field test of 2x4 weeks with laboratory experiments. We used objective measurements (speech perception tests in background noise, loudness scaling) and subjective assessments (questionnaires). The measurements were performed before and after the field test. The questionnaires were collected after each field test. The results of the digital hearing aids were compared to the results of similar tests with newly fitted analogue reference aids. The study involved 27 sensorineural hearing-impaired subjects, wearing new hearing aids. They comprised a representative sample of in-the-ear users. We used a crossover design in which the subjects used successively digital hearing aids and analogue reference aids in a randomized order. On average, the subjective data are more positive than the objective data. In the end, 20 out of 27 subjects had an overall preference for the digital hearing aid. The financial implications were not taken into consideration. However, objective data do not support this strong subjective preference. A reason could be that the method of analysis (short sentences in a short-duration background noise) is not suited for the digital hearing aid; the testing procedure does not allow the noise-reduction algorithm to adapt to the background noise. There was a striking difference between the results for the two centres. This difference can, to at least a certain extent, be attributed to the timing of speech relative to the background noise in the objective tests. This illustrates that the test conditions are critical in modern non-linear signal-processing hearing aids with long time constants. New evaluation techniques should be developed for this new generation of active non-linear hearing aids.

在这项研究中,我们在两个独立的中心进行了一项控制良好的临床现场试验,测量了数字助听器的压缩和降噪效果。实验集中在数字助听器应用的几个方面。该研究将2x4周的现场试验与实验室试验相结合。我们使用了客观测量(背景噪声下的语音感知测试,响度缩放)和主观评估(问卷调查)。测量是在现场测试前后进行的。问卷在每次现场测试后收集。将数字助听器的测试结果与新安装的模拟参考助听器的类似测试结果进行了比较。这项研究涉及27名感觉神经性听力受损的受试者,他们戴着新的助听器。他们组成了耳朵用户的代表性样本。我们采用交叉设计,受试者按随机顺序依次使用数字助听器和模拟参考助听器。平均而言,主观数据比客观数据更积极。最后,27名受试者中有20人总体上偏爱数字助听器。没有考虑到所涉经费问题。然而,客观数据并不支持这种强烈的主观偏好。原因可能是分析方法(短时间背景噪音中的短句子)不适合数字助听器;测试程序不允许降噪算法适应背景噪声。这两个中心的结果有显著的不同。这种差异至少在一定程度上可以归因于客观测试中相对于背景噪声的语音时间。这说明测试条件对现代长时间常数非线性信号处理助听器至关重要。新一代有源非线性助听器需要开发新的评估技术。
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引用次数: 46
Physical and mental correlates of hearing impairment in the elderly in Japan. 日本老年人听力障碍的生理和心理相关因素。
Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909072999
H Naramura, N Nakanishi, K Tatara, M Ishiyama, H Shiraishi, A Yamamoto

Seven hundred and forty seven elderly people aged from 65 to 98 (209 male and 538 female) admitted to the Geriatric Health Service Facility were evaluated with pure-tone audiometry, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) personal care severity score, OPCS hearing severity score, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). A single correlation study indicated that the hearing level significantly correlated with age, OPCS hearing severity score, MMSE total score and SDS total score. A multiple regression analysis showed that age, OPCS hearing severity score, and MMSE total score were significantly associated with the hearing level. We demonstrated here that the objective auditory function strongly correlated with the cognitive function measured by MMSE total score, suggesting that a regular audiological check-up and the early detection of the hearing impairment could contribute to the maintenance of the quality of life in the elderly.

采用纯音听力学、美国人口普查与调查办公室(OPCS)个人护理严重程度评分、OPCS听力严重程度评分、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对747例65 ~ 98岁的老年人(男性209例,女性538例)进行评估。单项相关研究显示,听力水平与年龄、OPCS听力严重程度评分、MMSE总分、SDS总分显著相关。多元回归分析显示,年龄、OPCS听力严重程度评分、MMSE总分与听力水平显著相关。我们在这里证明客观听觉功能与MMSE总分测量的认知功能有很强的相关性,这表明定期听力学检查和早期发现听力障碍有助于维持老年人的生活质量。
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引用次数: 49
A comparison of efferent suppression of compound action potentials by simultaneous and non-simultaneous contralateral noise paradigms. 同时与非同时对侧噪声模式对复合动作电位传出抑制的比较。
Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909072995
B P Perry, S D McSwain, B J Conlon, D W Smith

The intent of this study was to compare the effectiveness of continuous versus gated contralateral noise in producing efferent suppression of CAPs in guinea pigs. The average contralateral suppression was 2.0 dB when using gated noise, with ipsilateral tone-pip rates of 2 s(-1), and 1.4 dB when using continuous noise at an ipsilateral tone-pip rate of 31 s(-1). When the ipsilateral tone-pip rate employed in the simultaneous paradigm with continuous noise was reduced to 2 s(-1), a rate equivalent to that employed in the non-simultaneous paradigm, the average attenuation was 2.1 dB, a magnitude comparable to the suppression achieved using gated noise. The present data suggest that, when equated for ipsilateral tone-pip pulse rate, simultaneous and non-simultaneous contralateral masking paradigms produce comparable levels of efferent suppression.

本研究的目的是比较连续噪声和门控噪声对豚鼠产生cap传出抑制的有效性。当使用门控噪声时,对侧平均抑制为2.0 dB,同侧音调音调速率为2 s(-1),而当使用连续噪声时,同侧音调音调速率为31 s(-1),对侧平均抑制为1.4 dB。当具有连续噪声的同步模式中使用的同侧音调-pip速率降低到2秒(-1)时,与非同时模式中使用的速率相当,平均衰减为2.1 dB,与使用门控噪声实现的抑制相当。目前的数据表明,当同侧音点脉冲速率相等时,同时和非同时对侧掩蔽范式产生相当水平的传出抑制。
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引用次数: 4
The maximum permissible ambient noise and frequency-specific averaging time on the measurement of distortion product otoacoustic emissions. 测量失真产品耳声发射时的最大允许环境噪声和特定频率的平均时间。
Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206099909072998
J Lee, J Kim

The effects of ambient noise and averaging time on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements were systematically examined in 20 normally hearing adults. For each frequency from 0.7 to 6 kHz, 2f1-f2 DPOAEs were measured at nine intensity levels of ambient noise for each of four different averaging times. The dependent variable of interest was the DPOAE:noise ratio (D:N)--the relationship between DPOAE amplitude and noise level at 2f1-f2. Findings indicated that, relative to the baseline condition (25 dBA), ambient noise levels of 40 dBA or greater affected the D:N considerably in the lower frequencies. However, noise levels of 55-65 dBA did not affect the D:N in the higher frequencies. Results also indicated that, to achieve detectable DPOAEs, longer averaging times were required as ambient noise increased and as frequency decreased. Based on the results, the maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) were estimated in relation to averaging time.

对20名听力正常的成年人进行了环境噪声和平均时间对畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)测量的影响。对于0.7至6 kHz的每个频率,在四个不同的平均时间内,在九个强度水平的环境噪声下测量2f1-f2 dpoae。感兴趣的因变量是DPOAE:噪声比(D:N)- DPOAE振幅与2f1-f2噪声水平之间的关系。研究结果表明,相对于基线条件(25 dBA), 40 dBA或更高的环境噪声水平在较低频率上显著影响D:N。然而,55-65 dBA的噪声水平对较高频率的D:N没有影响。结果还表明,为了实现可检测的dpoae,随着环境噪声的增加和频率的降低,需要更长的平均时间。根据结果,估计与平均时间有关的最大容许环境噪音声级(mpanl)。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology
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