Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80076-0
{"title":"News and Announcement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80076-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80076-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 323-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80076-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80053-X
K. Ullrich, N. Böhm
A case of dysplasia umbilico-fetalis is demonstrated. The malformation comprises a rare and strange reduction anomaly of the feto-umbilical unit, which is caused during early embryonic life (around the 7 mm stage, corresponding to the end of the third week of gestation). The cause of the damage is not known. The folding off of the embryo from the yolk sac and the development of the abdominal stalk are impaired. No abdominal wall is formed, and the umbilicus and umbilical cord are not developed. The abdominal organs are enclosed in a short amnion-mesoderm tube, which is bordered by the retroperitoneum at the fetal side and by the chorionic plate at the placenta side. The umbilical vessels are only a few centimeters long and traverse in the mesodermal layer of the amnion-mesoderm tube. The thin wall of the tube usually ruptures before birth, thus causing an abacterial fibrinoid peritonitis by the chemical irritation of the peritoneum through the constituents of the amniotic fluid. The lower extremities of the fetus reveal varying degrees of reduction deformities. One leg and large parts of the pelvis may be entirely missing, if the side of origin of the extremity is included in the amnion-mesoderm tube. Severe kyphoscoliosis is probably a secondary phenomenon.
In addition, malformations of the inner organs occur such as caudal displacement and hernia of the diaphragma, hypoplasia of the lungs, dysplasia of the genito-urinary tract and non-rotation of the gut.
The pathophysiology of the rare developmental defect and its secondary implications are discussed with special reference to related malformations such as omphalocele and infraumbilical defect of the abdominal wall.
{"title":"Early Embryonal Maldevelopment of the Umbilical Cord with Defect of the Abdominal Wall and Severe Body Malformations (Dysplasia umbilico-fetalis)","authors":"K. Ullrich, N. Böhm","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80053-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80053-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A case of dysplasia umbilico-fetalis is demonstrated. The malformation comprises a rare and strange reduction anomaly of the feto-umbilical unit, which is caused during early embryonic life (around the 7 mm stage, corresponding to the end of the third week of gestation). The cause of the damage is not known. The folding off of the embryo from the yolk sac and the development of the abdominal stalk are impaired. No abdominal wall is formed, and the umbilicus and umbilical cord are not developed. The abdominal organs are enclosed in a short amnion-mesoderm tube, which is bordered by the retroperitoneum at the fetal side and by the chorionic plate at the placenta side. The umbilical vessels are only a few centimeters long and traverse in the mesodermal layer of the amnion-mesoderm tube. The thin wall of the tube usually ruptures before birth, thus causing an abacterial fibrinoid peritonitis by the chemical irritation of the peritoneum through the constituents of the amniotic fluid. The lower extremities of the fetus reveal varying degrees of reduction deformities. One leg and large parts of the pelvis may be entirely missing, if the side of origin of the extremity is included in the amnion-mesoderm tube. Severe kyphoscoliosis is probably a secondary phenomenon.</p><p>In addition, malformations of the inner organs occur such as caudal displacement and hernia of the diaphragma, hypoplasia of the lungs, dysplasia of the genito-urinary tract and non-rotation of the gut.</p><p>The pathophysiology of the rare developmental defect and its secondary implications are discussed with special reference to related malformations such as omphalocele and infraumbilical defect of the abdominal wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80053-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11362361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80049-8
A.M. Casali, C.E. Grossi , L. Manzoli Guidotti, F.A. Manzoli
We have evaluated by means of cytophotometric techniques the nuclear content in DNA, in total nucleic acids and in histone proteins and the nuclear volume of the thymic and bursal lymphocytes in adult chickens. We have also made the same determinations in the developing bursal follicles before and after hatching. The results indicate that cortical differ from medullary lymphocytes for all the parameters considered both in thymic lobules and bursal follicles. Furthermore these differences appear analogous in both the organs, independently from the fact that they produce precursors of T and B lymphocytes respectively. As concerns the developing bursal follicle, the lymphocytes show the characteristics of the adult medullary lymphocytes. At the hatching changes occur in the nuclear content of total nucleic acids and histones. This is probably related to the exposure to antigenic stimulation through the cloaca.
{"title":"Cytophotometric Characterization of Cortical and Medullary Lymphocytes in the Chicken Bursa and Thymus","authors":"A.M. Casali, C.E. Grossi , L. Manzoli Guidotti, F.A. Manzoli","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80049-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80049-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have evaluated by means of cytophotometric techniques the nuclear content in DNA, in total nucleic acids and in histone proteins and the nuclear volume of the thymic and bursal lymphocytes in adult chickens. We have also made the same determinations in the developing bursal follicles before and after hatching. The results indicate that cortical differ from medullary lymphocytes for all the parameters considered both in thymic lobules and bursal follicles. Furthermore these differences appear analogous in both the organs, independently from the fact that they produce precursors of T and B lymphocytes respectively. As concerns the developing bursal follicle, the lymphocytes show the characteristics of the adult medullary lymphocytes. At the hatching changes occur in the nuclear content of total nucleic acids and histones. This is probably related to the exposure to antigenic stimulation through the cloaca.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 231-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11516328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80054-1
Ch. Hohbach , W. Mall
Primary sarcomas of the large vessels are rare. They are observed most commonly in the pulmonary artery. Up to now 28 cases of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery have been described in the literature. The clinical features of this disease which presents considerable diagnostic difficulties are dominated by signs of cor pulmonale. In the present paper a primary chondrosarcoma of the pulmonary artery is presented.
{"title":"Chondrosarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery","authors":"Ch. Hohbach , W. Mall","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80054-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80054-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary sarcomas of the large vessels are rare. They are observed most commonly in the pulmonary artery. Up to now 28 cases of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery have been described in the literature. The clinical features of this disease which presents considerable diagnostic difficulties are dominated by signs of cor pulmonale. In the present paper a primary chondrosarcoma of the pulmonary artery is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 298-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80054-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12085881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80052-8
W. Mönninghoff, H.W. Intorp, H. Themann , H. Losse
Introduction
Morphological alterations of the transplanted kidney are in most instances caused by homograft rejection. So far only very few cases with recurrent glomerulonephritis of the transplanted organ have been reported. This paper deals with a recurrent glomerulonephritis indicated by the presence of circulating antibodies and histological, immunhistologic and electronmicroscopic changes in the patient's own as well as in the transplanted kidney.
Material and methods
Autoantibodies directed against glomerular basement membrane antigens could be demonstrated in double diffusion gelprecipitation-tests. Immunofluorescence and microscopic examinations as well as electronmicroscopic studies were performed using kidney biopsy material or material obtained during the operation. In all instances the direct immunofluorescence method was used. Part of the kidney tissue was fixed in formalin for light microscopic studies. Other specimens were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1.33% Osmic acid. The material was then embedded in Epon 812 for electronmicroscopic examination.
Results
Autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane antigens were demonstrable before nephrectomy and approximately half a year after the transplantation whereas few months after transplantation such antibodies could not be observed.
Light and electronmicroscopic studies of the patient's own as well as the transplanted kidney revealed scarring of most of the glomerula, the capillaries showed cell proliferation and numerous leucocytes. In some instances, proliferation of the capsular epithelium could be observed. The lobular alterations of the glomerular lesions were characteristic. Electronmicroscopic examinations revealed splitting of the basement membrane with cellular infiltrations in the areas of the altered basement membrane as well as in the mesangium. Between the cellular fragments and the outer part of the basement membrane electron dense deposits could be observed. The epithelial cells of the glomerular capillaries were in most instances markedly swollen, the foot processes were diminished. In some instances vacuoles could be observed in the plasma of podocytes. The changes in the patient's own kidney as well as in the transplanted kidney were quite similar.
Immunhistological studies revealed marked fluorescence at the basement membrane as well as in the mesangium. By immunofluorescence deposits consisting predominantly of IgA and IgG, but also C'3 and C'4 could be demonstrated.
Discussion
These immunological, immunhistological, mircoscopical and electronmicroscopical findings indicate that membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis can occur in the transplanted kidney if it had been present in the patient's own kidney. In the case reported here the patient suffered from a progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. After removal of both kidneys
{"title":"Recurrent Antibasementmembrane Nephritis after Renal Homotransplantation","authors":"W. Mönninghoff, H.W. Intorp, H. Themann , H. Losse","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80052-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80052-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Morphological alterations of the transplanted kidney are in most instances caused by homograft rejection. So far only very few cases with recurrent glomerulonephritis of the transplanted organ have been reported. This paper deals with a recurrent glomerulonephritis indicated by the presence of circulating antibodies and histological, immunhistologic and electronmicroscopic changes in the patient's own as well as in the transplanted kidney.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Autoantibodies directed against glomerular basement membrane antigens could be demonstrated in double diffusion gelprecipitation-tests. Immunofluorescence and microscopic examinations as well as electronmicroscopic studies were performed using kidney biopsy material or material obtained during the operation. In all instances the direct immunofluorescence method was used. Part of the kidney tissue was fixed in formalin for light microscopic studies. Other specimens were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1.33% Osmic acid. The material was then embedded in Epon 812 for electronmicroscopic examination.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane antigens were demonstrable before nephrectomy and approximately half a year after the transplantation whereas few months after transplantation such antibodies could not be observed.</p><p>Light and electronmicroscopic studies of the patient's own as well as the transplanted kidney revealed scarring of most of the glomerula, the capillaries showed cell proliferation and numerous leucocytes. In some instances, proliferation of the capsular epithelium could be observed. The lobular alterations of the glomerular lesions were characteristic. Electronmicroscopic examinations revealed splitting of the basement membrane with cellular infiltrations in the areas of the altered basement membrane as well as in the mesangium. Between the cellular fragments and the outer part of the basement membrane electron dense deposits could be observed. The epithelial cells of the glomerular capillaries were in most instances markedly swollen, the foot processes were diminished. In some instances vacuoles could be observed in the plasma of podocytes. The changes in the patient's own kidney as well as in the transplanted kidney were quite similar.</p><p>Immunhistological studies revealed marked fluorescence at the basement membrane as well as in the mesangium. By immunofluorescence deposits consisting predominantly of IgA and IgG, but also C'3 and C'4 could be demonstrated.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These immunological, immunhistological, mircoscopical and electronmicroscopical findings indicate that membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis can occur in the transplanted kidney if it had been present in the patient's own kidney. In the case reported here the patient suffered from a progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. After removal of both kidneys ","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 274-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80052-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11544672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80024-3
H. Denk , G. Syré, E. Weirich
Immunofluorescence and the unlabeled antibody enzyme (peroxidase — antiperoxidase) method were applied to formalin fixed conventionally paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy material, and optimal working conditions are reported. Both methods were suitable for the demonstration of immunoglobulin and complement deposits within glomerula. They were equally sensitive on dewaxed pronase-treated sections. Pronase treatment decreased nonspecific background fluorescence and increased the sensitivity of both immunomorphologic techniques, possibly by enhancing antigenicity.
Immunfluoreszenz und die „unlabeled antibody-enzyme (peroxidase-antiperoxidase)“-Methode wurden an formalinfixiertem, konventionell in Paraffin eingebettetem Nierenbiopsiematerial ausgetestet, und optimale Reaktionsbedingungen werden beschrieben. Beide Methoden waren zur immunmorphologischen Darstellung von Immunglobulin und Komplement bei Glomerulonephritis geeignet und an entparaffinierten, pronasebehandelten Gewebsschnitten gleich sensitiv. Durch Behandlung der Schnitte mit Pronase wurden die unspezifische Backgroundfluoreszenz deutlich vermindert und die Sensitivität beider immunmorphologischer Methoden deutlich gesteigert. Die Ursache für den Pronaseeffekt könnte in einer Erhöhung der Antigenität im Gewebe liegen.
采用免疫荧光法和无标记抗体酶(过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶)法对福尔马林固定的常规石蜡包埋肾活检材料进行了检测，并报道了最佳工作条件。两种方法均适用于肾小球内免疫球蛋白和补体沉积的检测。它们对脱蜡酶处理的切片同样敏感。Pronase处理降低了非特异性背景荧光，增加了两种免疫形态学技术的敏感性，可能是通过增强抗原性。免疫荧光法和无标记抗体-酶(过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶)法，常规石蜡法，常规生物材料法，优化反应。免疫球蛋白和补体对肾小球肾炎的免疫形态学研究，肾小球肾炎的免疫形态学研究，肾小球肾炎的免疫形态学研究，肾小球肾炎的免疫形态学研究，肾小球肾炎的免疫形态学研究。德国免疫形态学研究:德国免疫形态学研究:德国免疫形态学研究:德国免疫形态学研究。Die Ursache f r den Pronaseeffekt könnte in iner Erhöhung der Antigenität in Gewebe liegen。
{"title":"Immunomorphologic Methods in Routine Pathology. Application of Immunofluorescence and the Unlabeled Antibody-Enzyme (Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase) Technique to Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Kidney Biopsies","authors":"H. Denk , G. Syré, E. Weirich","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80024-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80024-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immunofluorescence and the unlabeled antibody enzyme (peroxidase — antiperoxidase) method were applied to formalin fixed conventionally paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy material, and optimal working conditions are reported. Both methods were suitable for the demonstration of immunoglobulin and complement deposits within glomerula. They were equally sensitive on dewaxed pronase-treated sections. Pronase treatment decreased nonspecific background fluorescence and increased the sensitivity of both immunomorphologic techniques, possibly by enhancing antigenicity.</p></div><div><p>Immunfluoreszenz und die „unlabeled antibody-enzyme (peroxidase-antiperoxidase)“-Methode wurden an formalinfixiertem, konventionell in Paraffin eingebettetem Nierenbiopsiematerial ausgetestet, und optimale Reaktionsbedingungen werden beschrieben. Beide Methoden waren zur immunmorphologischen Darstellung von Immunglobulin und Komplement bei Glomerulonephritis geeignet und an entparaffinierten, pronasebehandelten Gewebsschnitten gleich sensitiv. Durch Behandlung der Schnitte mit Pronase wurden die unspezifische Backgroundfluoreszenz deutlich vermindert und die Sensitivität beider immunmorphologischer Methoden deutlich gesteigert. Die Ursache für den Pronaseeffekt könnte in einer Erhöhung der Antigenität im Gewebe liegen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 2","pages":"Pages 187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80024-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11541695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80021-8
W. Baldauf
Introduction
Predilection sites of atherosclerosis and thrombotic events are the inner walls of curved and the outer walls of branched arteries. At these sites similiar hydrodynamic situations exist: elevated hydrostatic pressure, stagnating flow tending to separate, secundary flow or turbulence. Such flow conditions may be involved in atherogenesis by increasing the transport of atherogenetic substances into the wall or depositing blood elements onto the endothelium. Both concepts are still hypothetically.
The aim of our experiments was only to answer one of the unanswered questions: can flow conditions occurring in branched tubes cause deposits of suspended blood cells on (impermeable) tube walls, and what are the hydrodynamic mechanisms involved? The presented experiments deal with the motion and distribution of red blood cells (RBC) studied in stationary branched flow. Corresponding “micro-hydrodynamic” local flow conditions have been studied in parallel experiments.
Materials and Methods
Glass models: 1. straight glass tubes (ID 3.0 mm, wall thickness 0.2 mm) with a side branch (ID 1.5 mm; branch angle 90°); 2. tubes with rectangular section area (2.0 × 1.5 mm) side branch (ID 1.5 mm; branch angle 90°) used for sedimentation experiments; 3. T-tube to produce a stagnation point flow: the inflow tube (ID 3.45 mm) leads the fluid vertically on to the window of a flow chamber (170 × 10 × 5 mm); distance between inflow tube and window was 2.7 mm.
Suspensions: A. Once saline-washed human RBC in isosmotic saline solutions of Dextran (Rheomacrodex®, 6 g%; MW 40,000). B. Washed human RBC in saline solutions of Polyvinylpyrrholidon (1 g%, MW 360,000) added to make the RBC “sticky”. C. RBC in solutions of 1.5 g% Polyvinylpyrrholidon (360,000). Suspensions A and B contained 5 vol% of homologous plasma. Viscosity of suspensions A, B and C: η = 2.6 cp, 2.6 cp and 5.4 cp resp.; volume fraction RBC c ≈ 0.01.
Flow apparatus: A Marione bottle (reservoir for the suspension) kept the hydostatic pressure constant. From here the suspension flowed through a stabilisation tube into the branched tube. The branches were connected to separated cylinders to measure the volume flow per time through the main (Q1) and the side (Q1) branch. The main tube was mounted vertically in all except in sedimentation experiments. Particle behaviour within the glass models 1 and 2 and in the stagnation point flow was studied by dark field microscopy. By means of a laser ultra-microscope (Kratzer and Kinder, 1975), velocities of RBC in the stagnation point flow were measured.
Results and discussion
Due to “radial migration” in undisturbed straight tube flow (Q1 = 0) a RBC free layer adjacent to the wall prevents RBC from contact with the wall (Fig. 2, 3 a). By any flow Q1 > 0 the thickness of this layer is altered in a definite region opposite the orifice
{"title":"Behaviour of Erythrocyte Suspensions in Flow Through a Branched Tube. A Study on the Deposition Hypothesis of Atherogenesis","authors":"W. Baldauf","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80021-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80021-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Predilection sites of atherosclerosis and thrombotic events are the inner walls of curved and the outer walls of branched arteries. At these sites similiar hydrodynamic situations exist: elevated hydrostatic pressure, stagnating flow tending to separate, secundary flow or turbulence. Such flow conditions may be involved in atherogenesis by increasing the transport of atherogenetic substances into the wall or depositing blood elements onto the endothelium. Both concepts are still hypothetically.</p><p>The aim of our experiments was only to answer one of the unanswered questions: can flow conditions occurring in branched tubes cause deposits of suspended blood cells on (impermeable) tube walls, and what are the hydrodynamic mechanisms involved? The presented experiments deal with the motion and distribution of red blood cells (RBC) studied in stationary branched flow. Corresponding “micro-hydrodynamic” local flow conditions have been studied in parallel experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Glass models: 1. straight glass tubes (ID 3.0 mm, wall thickness 0.2 mm) with a side branch (ID 1.5 mm; branch angle 90°); 2. tubes with rectangular section area (2.0 × 1.5 mm) side branch (ID 1.5 mm; branch angle 90°) used for sedimentation experiments; 3. T-tube to produce a stagnation point flow: the inflow tube (ID 3.45 mm) leads the fluid vertically on to the window of a flow chamber (170 × 10 × 5 mm); distance between inflow tube and window was 2.7 mm.</p><p>Suspensions: A. Once saline-washed human RBC in isosmotic saline solutions of Dextran (Rheomacrodex®, 6 g%; MW 40,000). B. Washed human RBC in saline solutions of Polyvinylpyrrholidon (1 g%, MW 360,000) added to make the RBC “sticky”. C. RBC in solutions of 1.5 g% Polyvinylpyrrholidon (360,000). Suspensions A and B contained 5 vol% of homologous plasma. Viscosity of suspensions A, B and C: η = 2.6 cp, 2.6 cp and 5.4 cp resp.; volume fraction RBC c ≈ 0.01.</p><p>Flow apparatus: A Marione bottle (reservoir for the suspension) kept the hydostatic pressure constant. From here the suspension flowed through a stabilisation tube into the branched tube. The branches were connected to separated cylinders to measure the volume flow per time through the main (Q<sub>1</sub>) and the side (Q<sub>1</sub>) branch. The main tube was mounted vertically in all except in sedimentation experiments. Particle behaviour within the glass models 1 and 2 and in the stagnation point flow was studied by dark field microscopy. By means of a laser ultra-microscope (Kratzer and Kinder, 1975), velocities of RBC in the stagnation point flow were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><p>Due to “radial migration” in undisturbed straight tube flow (Q<sub>1</sub> = 0) a RBC free layer adjacent to the wall prevents RBC from contact with the wall (Fig. 2, 3 a). By any flow Q<sub>1</sub> > 0 the thickness of this layer is altered in a definite region opposite the orifice ","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 2","pages":"Pages 129-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80021-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12074539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80020-6
S.A. Büchner , W. Meier-Ruge
The influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and papaverine on hydroxyquinoline-induced nephropathy in rats was tested, using enzyme histotopochemistry, enzyme activity measurement and morphometric investigation. Hydroxyquinoline causes a marked increase in renal weight, the development of wedge-shaped foci with severely dilated tubule segments, and a simultaneous reduction in dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, and α-naphthyl esterase.
Both ADH and papaverine produced a significant inhibition of renal damage. The subjective findings were quantitatively confirmed by measurement of enzyme activity, using the microscope photometer, and by morphometric studies with the Leitz-Classimat (determination on the basis of the alkaline phosphatase reaction) of the surface percentage of brush border in the proximal tubules.
A disturbance of the hairpin counter-current system is to be considered as the cause of the renal lesion. This disturbance is caused by hydroxyquinoline-induced impairment of Na+/K+ transport, especially in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop.
Our results show that the hydroxyquinoline nephropathy can be favourably influenced both by stimulation of water re-absorption and possibly also transepithelial Na+ transport (ADH), and by increasing the blood flow of the arteriolae rectae with a resultant lowering of the intratubular urine concentration (papaverine).
The dependency of hydroxyquinoline nephropathy on the phylogenetically determined concentration capacity of the kidney, and the effective influencing of the condition by ADH and papaverine indicate the importance of the degree of efficiency of the medullary countercurrent system in the pathogenesis of this renal lesion.
{"title":"The Significance of the Hairpin Counter-current Principle in the Pathogenesis of Toxic Kidney Lesions An Investigation of the Influence of Antidiuretic Hormone and Papaverine on Hydroxyquinoline Nephropathy of the Rat","authors":"S.A. Büchner , W. Meier-Ruge","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and papaverine on hydroxyquinoline-induced nephropathy in rats was tested, using enzyme histotopochemistry, enzyme activity measurement and morphometric investigation. Hydroxyquinoline causes a marked increase in renal weight, the development of wedge-shaped foci with severely dilated tubule segments, and a simultaneous reduction in dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, and α-naphthyl esterase.</p><p>Both ADH and papaverine produced a significant inhibition of renal damage. The subjective findings were quantitatively confirmed by measurement of enzyme activity, using the microscope photometer, and by morphometric studies with the Leitz-Classimat (determination on the basis of the alkaline phosphatase reaction) of the surface percentage of brush border in the proximal tubules.</p><p>A disturbance of the hairpin counter-current system is to be considered as the cause of the renal lesion. This disturbance is caused by hydroxyquinoline-induced impairment of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> transport, especially in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop.</p><p>Our results show that the hydroxyquinoline nephropathy can be favourably influenced both by stimulation of water re-absorption and possibly also transepithelial Na<sup>+</sup> transport (ADH), and by increasing the blood flow of the arteriolae rectae with a resultant lowering of the intratubular urine concentration (papaverine).</p><p>The dependency of hydroxyquinoline nephropathy on the phylogenetically determined concentration capacity of the kidney, and the effective influencing of the condition by ADH and papaverine indicate the importance of the degree of efficiency of the medullary countercurrent system in the pathogenesis of this renal lesion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 2","pages":"Pages 109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80020-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12074538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80023-1
R. Rohrbach , O.H. Iversen, U.N. Riede, W. Sandritter
Variations in epidermal chalones after a single surface application of methylcholanthrene and croton oil have been described in previous papers. This paper reports a study of the effect of adhesive tape stripping of the skin on epidermal growth regulators (G1 and G2 chalones).
Pieces of adhesive tape were applied 6 times to the same area of skin in groups of mice. The short-term effects of tape stripping on epidermal DNA synthesis and on mitotic rate were studied at different intervals after stripping. Other groups of mice were killed at similar time intervals after stripping, and the treated area of skin was homogenized and extracted with water. The inhibitory effect of these extracts on normal epidermal DNA synthesis and mitotic rate was assayed in normal hairless mice.
The resulting inhibitions were interpreted as an expression of the concentration of G1 or G2 chalone in the skin extracts. The first experiment confirmed that cellophane tape stripping gives rise to a short block in epidermal mitotic activity and probably also in DNA synthesis. This was followed by bimodal peaks of increased activity, the two maxima of labelling index being found on days 2 and 6, and the two maxima of mitotic rate on days 1–2 and 7. The concentrations of the two chalones in the skins of treated animals varied in inverse proportion to the alterations in the DNA synthesis and the mitotic rate, with one exception. Here there was initially a depression of the mitotic rate and a low concentration of G2 chalone. This was interpreted as a short reaction of the basal cells to the stripping trauma.
It is concluded that adhesive tape stripping removes the differentiating cells and injures some basal cells, simultaneously altering the content of G1 and G2 chalones. The resulting increase in the rates of DNA synthesis and mitosis lasts only until the number of cells is high enough to produce growth-regulating substances (chalones) again. This theory may explain the changes observed. Since similar reactions are seen after both carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic chemical injury of the epidermis, the reaction pattern seems to be a general response to cell injury or cell removal.
In früheren Arbeiten wurde über Aktivitätsänderungen epidermaler Chalone nach einmaliger Applikation von Methylcholanthren und Crotonöl berichtet. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Hornschichtabrisses der Haut mittels Tesafilm auf die epidermalen Wachstumsregulatoren (G1- und G2-Chalone). Bei verschiedenen Mäusegruppen wurde dieselbe Hautregion durch 6maliges Aufkleben und Abreißen von Tesafilmstreifen behandelt. Die Wirkung dieser Behandlung auf
die epidermale DNS-Synthese und die Mitoserate wurden in verschiedenen Zeitintervallen danach untersucht. Andere gleichartig behandelte Versuchsgruppen wurden in gleichen Zeitabstä
甲胆蒽和巴豆油单次表面应用后表皮上的chalones的变化已经在以前的论文中描述过。本文报道了胶带剥皮对表皮生长调节剂(G1和G2 chalones)的影响。在各组小鼠的同一皮肤区域贴上6次胶带。研究了胶带剥离后不同时间间隔对表皮DNA合成和有丝分裂率的短期影响。其余各组小鼠在剥脱后按相同时间间隔处死，处理部位皮肤均质，用水提取。以正常无毛小鼠为实验对象，测定了这些提取物对正常表皮DNA合成和有丝分裂率的抑制作用。由此产生的抑制作用被解释为皮肤提取物中G1或G2 chalone浓度的表达。第一个实验证实，玻璃纸胶带剥离会导致表皮有丝分裂活动的短暂阻滞，可能也会阻碍DNA合成。随后是活性增加的双峰，标记指数在第2天和第6天出现两个最大值，有丝分裂率在第1天和第7天出现两个最大值。处理过的动物皮肤中这两种查隆酮的浓度与DNA合成和有丝分裂率的变化成反比，只有一个例外。这里有一个最初的有丝分裂率下降和低浓度的G2 chalone。这被解释为基底细胞对剥离性创伤的短暂反应。综上所述，胶带剥离使分化细胞消失，部分基底细胞受损，同时改变了G1和G2的含量。DNA合成和有丝分裂速率的增加只会持续到细胞数量高到足以再次产生生长调节物质(chalone)。这个理论可以解释观察到的变化。由于在表皮的致癌和共致癌化学损伤后都可以看到类似的反应，因此这种反应模式似乎是对细胞损伤或细胞移除的一般反应。在 heren Arbeiten wurde ber Aktivitätsänderungen表皮细胞Chalone nach einmaliger中甲基胆聚醚和Crotonöl berichtet的应用。1 . Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungen ber den Einfluß des Hornschichtabrisses der Haut mittels Tesafilm auf Die epidermalen wachstumsreguloren (G1- and G2-Chalone)。beversschiedenen Mäusegruppen wurde dieselbe hautregien durch 6maliges Aufkleben and Abreißen von Tesafilmstreifen behandelt。[endnoteref: 5] [endnoteref: 6] [endnoteref: 3] [endnoteref: 3] [endnoteref: 4]。Andere gleichartig behandelte Versuchsgruppen wurden in gleichen Zeitabständen nach Hornschichtabriß getötet, die behandelte Haut均质性和外质性。死亡抑制因子erende Wirkung dieser，提取死亡表皮，dns - synthesis和mitosate wurde normallosen Mäusen getestet。黄曲霉对黄曲霉的抑菌作用。G2-Chalone in den Hautextrakten angesehen。在此基础上，建立了基于线粒体和dns - synthesesruruts的数据分析模型。dier Blockierung在反扩散参数(antiantider prolifengenden)中的应用。和6。[2] [j] .中国科学院学报。和7。标签 r die Mitoserate。Die konzation beider Chalone in der behandelten Haut verhält sich umgekehrt proportional zur veränderten dns - synthesis and Mitoserate mit iner Ausnahme。在der - frh相中，每一个der - Behandlung wurden，因此，每一个ine的线粒体都有g2 - chalone - konconcentration。德国人对德国人的理解是，德国人对德国人的理解是，德国人对德国人的理解是，德国人对德国人的理解是。他的风动力学，dasß durch den Hornschichtabriß mit Tesafilm differenzierte Zellen ententent和Basalzellen gleichzeitig geschädigt werden。Dieser Vorgang get mit einer änderung der G1-和G2-Chalonen的浓度。Der daraus resultiende Anstieg Der DNS-Synthese and Mitoserate dauert nso lange, his eine ausreichende epidermale Zellzahl erreichwind, um Wachstumsregulatoren (Chalone) zu produczieren。Ähnliche Reaktionen wurden nach einer Epidermisbehandlung sowohl mit karzinogenen也aucth mit co-karzinogenen Substanzen bebachtet。Das verhaltensmster der Epidermiszellen scheint einer allgemein g ltigen zellulären Reaktionsform aufine Zellentfernung oder Zellschädigung zu entsprechen。
{"title":"Effects of Cellophane Tape Stripping of Mouse Skin on Epidermal Growth Regulators (Chalones)","authors":"R. Rohrbach , O.H. Iversen, U.N. Riede, W. Sandritter","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80023-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80023-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variations in epidermal chalones after a single surface application of methylcholanthrene and croton oil have been described in previous papers. This paper reports a study of the effect of adhesive tape stripping of the skin on epidermal growth regulators (G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub> chalones).</p><p>Pieces of adhesive tape were applied 6 times to the same area of skin in groups of mice. The short-term effects of tape stripping on epidermal DNA synthesis and on mitotic rate were studied at different intervals after stripping. Other groups of mice were killed at similar time intervals after stripping, and the treated area of skin was homogenized and extracted with water. The inhibitory effect of these extracts on normal epidermal DNA synthesis and mitotic rate was assayed in normal hairless mice.</p><p>The resulting inhibitions were interpreted as an expression of the concentration of G<sub>1</sub> or G<sub>2</sub> chalone in the skin extracts. The first experiment confirmed that cellophane tape stripping gives rise to a short block in epidermal mitotic activity and probably also in DNA synthesis. This was followed by bimodal peaks of increased activity, the two maxima of labelling index being found on days 2 and 6, and the two maxima of mitotic rate on days 1–2 and 7. The concentrations of the two chalones in the skins of treated animals varied in inverse proportion to the alterations in the DNA synthesis and the mitotic rate, with one exception. Here there was initially a depression of the mitotic rate and a low concentration of G<sub>2</sub> chalone. This was interpreted as a short reaction of the basal cells to the stripping trauma.</p><p>It is concluded that adhesive tape stripping removes the differentiating cells and injures some basal cells, simultaneously altering the content of G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub> chalones. The resulting increase in the rates of DNA synthesis and mitosis lasts only until the number of cells is high enough to produce growth-regulating substances (chalones) again. This theory may explain the changes observed. Since similar reactions are seen after both carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic chemical injury of the epidermis, the reaction pattern seems to be a general response to cell injury or cell removal.</p></div><div><p>In früheren Arbeiten wurde über Aktivitätsänderungen epidermaler Chalone nach einmaliger Applikation von Methylcholanthren und Crotonöl berichtet. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Hornschichtabrisses der Haut mittels Tesafilm auf die epidermalen Wachstumsregulatoren (G<sub>1</sub>- und G<sub>2</sub>-Chalone). Bei verschiedenen Mäusegruppen wurde dieselbe Hautregion durch 6maliges Aufkleben und Abreißen von Tesafilmstreifen behandelt. Die Wirkung dieser Behandlung auf</p><p>die epidermale DNS-Synthese und die Mitoserate wurden in verschiedenen Zeitintervallen danach untersucht. Andere gleichartig behandelte Versuchsgruppen wurden in gleichen Zeitabstä","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 2","pages":"Pages 175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80023-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11361008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80022-X
P.H. Kronenberger , G. Tisljar-Lentulis, W. Porschen, L.E. Feinendegen
Introduction
A preceding study had shown that mice bearing sarcoma-180 incorporated 40V0 more 5-125I-2′-deoxyuridine (125I-UdR) into DNA of long lived cells outside the tumor than normal controls. This was expressed by external whole body measurements of living animals over a period of 4 weeks following one single intravenous injection of 125I-UdR. This paper analyses the extent to which various tumor-free organs of the tumor bearing host contribute to the increased 125I-UdR incorporation.
Material and Method
Adult virgin albino NMRI mice bearing 4 days old implants of sarcoma-180 received a single i.v. injection of 125I-UdR in order to label the DNA of proliferating cells in the whole body. I-UdR not incorporated within about 1 hour after injection is rapidly catabolized and excreted when the animals are kept on 0.1% NaI drinking water in order to block the pool of inorganic iodine. At day 1, 6, 10 and 15 after application of I-UdR 10 mice were assayed in a whole body counter and sacrificed by cervical luxation; the activity was determined in liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, femora, thymus, mesenteric lymphnodes, and skin, also in the dissected tumor. The organ activities were compared with those of normal mice.
Results
It was confirmed that from day 6 to day 15 after I-UdR injection the whole body activity of tumor carriers, after resection of the tumor, was about 40% higher than in controls (Fig. 3).
1 to 15 days after injection of 125I-UdR the liver remained approximately 6–7 times more active in the tumor bearing than in normal mice. In the spleen, the activity in tumor carriers at day 1 was 5–6 times higher; thereafter, the difference declined to about 2.5–3.0 and remained so until the end of the observations (Fig. 1).
In kidney and lung of the tumor carriers the activity at day I was elevated by a factor of about 2.8. The difference remained nearly constant in the kidney; yet in the lungs it converged to a factor of about 1.3 at day 15. In the femora of tumor carriers the activity content was elevated by a factor of 2.3 above that of controls on day 1. Thereafter, there was no difference in activity between the two groups. No significant difference between tumor bearing and normal mice was found in thymus, mesenteric lymphnodes, and skin (Fig. 2).
On the first day after application of the tracer liver and spleen of tumor carriers accounted for 50% of the activity increase in whole body measurements, kidneys and lungs for about 6% and the femora for nearly 7%. The initial contribution of the entire bone marrow was estimated to be approximately 30%.
Later than day 1 the liver of the tumor carriers contributed 50–53% to the difference of whole body counts between tumor carriers and controls, the spleen about 15%, the kidneys 6–7%, and the lungs 1.5–3% (Tab. 2). There was no difference in the
{"title":"DNA Turnover in Metastasis-free Organs of Tumor Bearing Mice; Influence on Whole Body Measurements with 125I-UdR","authors":"P.H. Kronenberger , G. Tisljar-Lentulis, W. Porschen, L.E. Feinendegen","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80022-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80022-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>A preceding study had shown that mice bearing sarcoma-180 incorporated 40V0 more 5-<sup>125</sup>I-2′-deoxyuridine (<sup>125</sup>I-UdR) into DNA of long lived cells outside the tumor than normal controls. This was expressed by external whole body measurements of living animals over a period of 4 weeks following one single intravenous injection of <sup>125</sup>I-UdR. This paper analyses the extent to which various tumor-free organs of the tumor bearing host contribute to the increased <sup>125</sup>I-UdR incorporation.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Method</h3><p>Adult virgin albino NMRI mice bearing 4 days old implants of sarcoma-180 received a single i.v. injection of <sup>125</sup>I-UdR in order to label the DNA of proliferating cells in the whole body. I-UdR not incorporated within about 1 hour after injection is rapidly catabolized and excreted when the animals are kept on 0.1% NaI drinking water in order to block the pool of inorganic iodine. At day 1, 6, 10 and 15 after application of I-UdR 10 mice were assayed in a whole body counter and sacrificed by cervical luxation; the activity was determined in liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, femora, thymus, mesenteric lymphnodes, and skin, also in the dissected tumor. The organ activities were compared with those of normal mice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It was confirmed that from day 6 to day 15 after I-UdR injection the whole body activity of tumor carriers, after resection of the tumor, was about 40% higher than in controls (Fig. 3).</p><p>1 to 15 days after injection of <sup>125</sup>I-UdR the liver remained approximately 6–7 times more active in the tumor bearing than in normal mice. In the spleen, the activity in tumor carriers at day 1 was 5–6 times higher; thereafter, the difference declined to about 2.5–3.0 and remained so until the end of the observations (Fig. 1).</p><p>In kidney and lung of the tumor carriers the activity at day I was elevated by a factor of about 2.8. The difference remained nearly constant in the kidney; yet in the lungs it converged to a factor of about 1.3 at day 15. In the femora of tumor carriers the activity content was elevated by a factor of 2.3 above that of controls on day 1. Thereafter, there was no difference in activity between the two groups. No significant difference between tumor bearing and normal mice was found in thymus, mesenteric lymphnodes, and skin (Fig. 2).</p><p>On the first day after application of the tracer liver and spleen of tumor carriers accounted for 50% of the activity increase in whole body measurements, kidneys and lungs for about 6% and the femora for nearly 7%. The initial contribution of the entire bone marrow was estimated to be approximately 30%.</p><p>Later than day 1 the liver of the tumor carriers contributed 50–53% to the difference of whole body counts between tumor carriers and controls, the spleen about 15%, the kidneys 6–7%, and the lungs 1.5–3% (Tab. 2). There was no difference in the","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 2","pages":"Pages 154-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80022-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12074540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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