Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8
R.E. Herzog
Introduction: Using cytophotometry it was possible to determine some components of the single cell. During carcinogenesis of the human cervix uteri there were found atypical values of DNA. The additional determination of RNA and histones resulted in relationship. Histones are accepted to be the stabilizers of DNA molecules. A lysine rich histone fraction was more found in heterochromatin whereas a arginine rich histone fraction seemed to be more linked to the euchromatin. It was the question of this investigation to prove these relationships during cancerization of the human cervix uteri.
Material and methods: Smears of 19 carcinomata in situ and 24 invasive cancers were compared with 20 control patients. The following parameters were determined by cytophotometry or planimetry:
DNA: Staining with acriflavine (Graumann, 1953; Sandritter et al., 1963).
RNA: Staining with gallocyanine-chromalum after treatment with DN-ase (Novakova et al., 1969).
Histione: Staining with fastgreen pH 8.2 (Alfert et al., 1953; Jobst and Sandritter, 1964).
Arginine: Staining with ninhydrine (Rosselet, 1967) after cytolysis (Herzog, 1974).
Lysine: Staining with dansylchloride (Rosselet and Ruch, 1968) after cytolysis.
Heterochromatin, condensed histone, condensed arginine, and condensed lysine: Planimetrical evaluation of the corresponding microphotographs.
Results: In the three groups of patients we found similar relationships. The mean values corresponded as well in the photometric determined values of DNA, RNA, histone, arginine, and lysine as in the planimetrical results (heterochromatin; condensed histone, arginine, and lysine). The deviation of all values of each group was in line too.
Discussion: According to these results we believe, that the relationship between the synthesis of DNA and the one of RNA and histone is not disturbed during carcinogenesis. Simultaneously the synthesis of arginine rich and lysine rich histone fractions — compared with them of DNA and histones seems to have not been changed.
使用细胞光度法可以测定单个细胞的某些成分。在人子宫颈癌变过程中，发现DNA值不典型。RNA和组蛋白的额外测定导致了两者之间的关系。组蛋白被认为是DNA分子的稳定剂。富含赖氨酸的组蛋白片段更多地出现在异染色质中，而富含精氨酸的组蛋白片段似乎与常染色质联系更紧密。这项研究的问题是在人类子宫颈癌变过程中证明这些关系。材料与方法:将19例原位癌和24例浸润性癌的涂片与20例对照进行比较。用细胞光度法或平面法测定以下参数:DNA:用吖啶黄碱染色(Graumann, 1953;Sandritter et al.， 1963)。RNA:用dn酶处理后用半胱氨酸染色(Novakova et al.， 1969)。组氨酸:pH 8.2染色法(Alfert et al.， 1953;Jobst and Sandritter, 1964)。精氨酸:细胞溶解后用ninhydrine染色(Rosselet, 1967) (Herzog, 1974)。赖氨酸:细胞溶解后用氯化丹西尔染色(Rosselet和Ruch, 1968)。异染色质，浓缩组蛋白，浓缩精氨酸和浓缩赖氨酸:相应显微照片的平面测量评价。结果:在三组患者中，我们发现了相似的关系。DNA、RNA、组蛋白、精氨酸和赖氨酸的光度测定值的平均值与平面测量结果(异染色质;浓缩组蛋白、精氨酸和赖氨酸)。各组各值的偏差也一致。讨论:根据这些结果，我们认为，在癌变过程中，DNA的合成与RNA和组蛋白的合成之间的关系没有受到干扰。同时，与DNA和组蛋白的合成相比，富含精氨酸和赖氨酸的组蛋白的合成似乎没有改变。
{"title":"Research on the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix uteri by Cytophotometric and Planimetric Evaluations","authors":"R.E. Herzog","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Using cytophotometry it was possible to determine some components of the single cell. During carcinogenesis of the human cervix uteri there were found atypical values of DNA. The additional determination of RNA and histones resulted in relationship. Histones are accepted to be the stabilizers of DNA molecules. A lysine rich histone fraction was more found in heterochromatin whereas a arginine rich histone fraction seemed to be more linked to the euchromatin. It was the question of this investigation to prove these relationships during cancerization of the human cervix uteri.</p><p><em>Material and methods:</em> Smears of 19 carcinomata in situ and 24 invasive cancers were compared with 20 control patients. The following parameters were determined by cytophotometry or planimetry:</p><ul><li><span><p><em>DNA:</em> Staining with acriflavine (<span>Graumann, 1953</span>; <span>Sandritter et al., 1963</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>RNA:</em> Staining with gallocyanine-chromalum after treatment with DN-ase (<span>Novakova et al., 1969</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Histione:</em> Staining with fastgreen pH 8.2 (Alfert et al., 1953; <span>Jobst and Sandritter, 1964</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Arginine:</em> Staining with ninhydrine (<span>Rosselet, 1967</span>) after cytolysis (<span>Herzog, 1974</span>).</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Lysine:</em> Staining with dansylchloride (<span>Rosselet and Ruch, 1968</span>) after cytolysis.</p></span></li><li><span><p><em>Heterochromatin, condensed histone, condensed arginine, and condensed lysine:</em> Planimetrical evaluation of the corresponding microphotographs.</p></span></li></ul><p><em>Results:</em> In the three groups of patients we found similar relationships. The mean values corresponded as well in the photometric determined values of DNA, RNA, histone, arginine, and lysine as in the planimetrical results (heterochromatin; condensed histone, arginine, and lysine). The deviation of all values of each group was in line too.</p><p><em>Discussion:</em> According to these results we believe, that the relationship between the synthesis of DNA and the one of RNA and histone is not disturbed during carcinogenesis. Simultaneously the synthesis of arginine rich and lysine rich histone fractions — compared with them of DNA and histones seems to have not been changed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"161 1","pages":"Pages 62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80110-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12105310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0
W. Jones Williams
Sarcoidosis is defined as a multisystem disorder characterised by the finding of epithelioid cell granulomas in more than one system. Diagnosis is aided by the use of the Kveim Siltzbach skin test and the development of an “in vitro” Kmif test is discussed. Despite extensive researches the causative agent(s) remains unknown. The granulomas, morphologically, on light and electron microscopy and histochemistry may be indistinguishable from those caused by known agents. Inclusion bodies are also non specific. Central necrosis is rare, and can be usually distinguished from caseation. The close relationship between the monocyte derived, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes is emphasised. Evidence is accumulating that epithelioid cells in sarcoid type granulomas are primarily synthesising rather than phagocytic cells. The products are considered to be mucogly-coproteins and may have both local and systemic actions. Locally it is suggested that the products may be lymphokines which react with associated thymic derived (T) lymphocytes and mononuclear cells and thus play a role in perpetuating the granulomas. Epithelioid cells may also be a source of circulating T lymphocyte function depressants. It has further been suggested that epithelioid cells are the source of the raised angiotensin converting enzyme found in sarcoid sera. Study of epithelioid cell granulomas in sarcoidosis, despite the disappointing lack of evidence of a causative sarcoid agent(s), is thus of considerable interest in furthering knowledge of many diseases characterised by these curious cellular foci.
{"title":"Sarcoidosis — 1977","authors":"W. Jones Williams","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sarcoidosis is defined as a multisystem disorder characterised by the finding of epithelioid cell granulomas in more than one system. Diagnosis is aided by the use of the Kveim Siltzbach skin test and the development of an “in vitro” Kmif test is discussed. Despite extensive researches the causative agent(s) remains unknown. The granulomas, morphologically, on light and electron microscopy and histochemistry may be indistinguishable from those caused by known agents. Inclusion bodies are also non specific. Central necrosis is rare, and can be usually distinguished from caseation. The close relationship between the monocyte derived, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes is emphasised. Evidence is accumulating that epithelioid cells in sarcoid type granulomas are primarily synthesising rather than phagocytic cells. The products are considered to be mucogly-coproteins and may have both local and systemic actions. Locally it is suggested that the products may be lymphokines which react with associated thymic derived (T) lymphocytes and mononuclear cells and thus play a role in perpetuating the granulomas. Epithelioid cells may also be a source of circulating T lymphocyte function depressants. It has further been suggested that epithelioid cells are the source of the raised angiotensin converting enzyme found in sarcoid sera. Study of epithelioid cell granulomas in sarcoidosis, despite the disappointing lack of evidence of a causative sarcoid agent(s), is thus of considerable interest in furthering knowledge of many diseases characterised by these curious cellular foci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 325-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80117-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11414062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80119-4
K. Lemmen, W. Maurer, H. Trieb, H. Ueberberg, H. Seeliger
Pregnant rats were given dexamethasone or corticosterone from the 12th to the 21st day of pregnancy. The fetuses were examined on the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st day of pregnancy. Following spontaneous delivery further groups were examined on the 1st, 7th and 14th postnatal day. Adrenal weight and body weight were determined. The adrenals were also studied histologically. The number of nuclei/constant area and nuclear size in the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata were determined morphometrically. In addition histochemical studies of 3ß-ol-dehydrogenase activity in the adrenal cortex were done.
1.
The effects of glucocorticoid administration during pregnancy on the adrenal and body weight of the fetuses are dose-dependent. There is a distinct delay in development of adrenal and body weight in fetuses and newborns. The adrenals of the dexamethasone groups grow significantly slower than the corticosterone groups that also show a retardation of growth. There is no perinatal drop in weight in the dexamethasone groups.
2.
Morphometric studies of adrenal cortex pre- and postnatally show higher number of nuclei/constant area in zona glomerulosa and fasciculata indicating smaller cells. This finding is more pronounced in the dexamethasone than in the corticosterone groups. The nuclear diameters of cells of glomerulosa and fasciculata are diminished in the dexamethasone groups. Thus the nuclei show an atrophy. In the corticosterone groups on the other hand the nuclei in both cortical zones are almost always larger. Up to now we cannot explain this finding.
3.
Both in controls and in treated groups numerous pathologic mitoses are found in adrenal cortical cells. This finding has not been described up to now and requires further quantitative and qualitative analysis.
4.
The activity of 3ß-ol-dehydrogenase in the adrenal cortex of fetuses and newborns is not influenced by glucocorticoid administration.
Gravide Ratten erhielten vom 12. bis zum 21. Tag der Gravidität Dexamethason oder Kortikosteron. Die Feten wurden am 18., 19., 20. und 21. Tag der Gravidität untersucht. Nach spontanen Geburten wurden weitere Gruppen am 1., 7. und 14. postnatalen Tag untersucht. Es wurde das Nebennierengewicht und das Körpergewicht ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden die Nebennieren histologisch untersucht. Morphometrisch wurde die Kernzahl/ konstante Flächeneinheit und die Kerngröße in der Zona glomerulosa und fasciculata der Nebennierenrinde bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde histochemisch die 3ß-ol-Dehydrogenase in der Nebennierenrinde untersucht.
1.
Einflüsse von Glukokortikoidgaben in der Gravidität auf die Nebennieren und das Körpergewicht der Feten sind dosisabhängig. Die Körper- und Nebennierengewichtsentwicklung bei den Feten und Neugeborenen wird deutlich gehemmt. D
妊娠第12 ~ 21天给予地塞米松或皮质酮。分别于妊娠第18、19、20、21天进行检查。自然分娩后，各组分别于出生后第1、7、14天进行检查。测定肾上腺质量和体重。对肾上腺进行组织学研究。用形态学方法测定了大鼠肾小球带和束状带的核数/恒定面积和核大小。同时对肾上腺皮质3ß-醇脱氢酶活性进行组织化学研究。妊娠期间糖皮质激素给药对胎儿肾上腺和体重的影响是剂量依赖性的。胎儿和新生儿的肾上腺和体重发育有明显的延迟。地塞米松组的肾上腺生长明显慢于皮质酮组，皮质酮组也表现出生长迟缓。地塞米松组未见围产期体重下降。出生前后肾上腺皮质的形态计量学研究显示，肾小球带和束状带的细胞核数量较多/面积恒定，表明细胞较小。这一发现在地塞米松组中比在皮质酮组中更为明显。地塞米松组肾小球和束状细胞的核直径减小。因此核显示萎缩。另一方面，在皮质酮组中，两个皮质区的细胞核几乎总是更大。到目前为止我们还不能解释这一发现。在对照组和治疗组中，在肾上腺皮质细胞中发现大量病理性有丝分裂。到目前为止，这一发现尚未得到描述，需要进一步的定量和定性分析。胎儿和新生儿肾上腺皮质3ß-醇脱氢酶活性不受糖皮质激素的影响。Gravide Ratten erhielten from 12。他的zum是21。Tag der Gravidität dexamethasonder Kortikosteron。我18岁。, 19岁。, 20。和21。Tag der Gravidität untersucht。每个人都有自己的想法。7。和14。post - natalen Tag untersuchtEs wurde das nebennienengewicht and das Körpergewicht ermittelt。Weiterhin wurden die Nebennieren histologch untersucht。形态学测量学在肾小球带和束状带上的研究进展Flächeneinheit和die Kerngröße。1.组织化学与脱氢酶的研究。einflsse von Glukokortikoidgaben in der Gravidität auf die Nebennieren and das Körpergewicht der Feten sind dosisabhängig。Die Körper- und nebennierengewichtsenwicklung bei den Feten and Neugeborenen wind deutlich gehemt。2. Die Nebennieren der dexamethasongrouppen与Die gleichfalls gehemmten kortikosterongrouppen和weisen keinen perinatalen gewictsssturz auen有显著差异。出生后肾小球带和束状带的生育特征与发育发育关系prä [endnzahlen /konstante Fläche]， d. h. kleinere Zellen。德国人在Dexamethason，也在Kortikosterongruppen。[endndurchmesser在der Nebennierenrinde zeigen mit Abweichungen bei den Dexamethasongruppen prä]和出生后肾小球和束状体的发育。dagen sind die Kerne在北京Nebennierenrindenzonen北京kortikosterongrouppen快速德国größer.3。Sowohl inden controlllgruppen也为每个人提供了一个更好的控制条件。3 .定量分析与定性分析相结合，建立了非定量分析与定性分析相结合的理论基础。3 -醇脱氢酶在Nebennierenrinde de Feten和Neugeborenen中的应用
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Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2
K. Yamashiro , H. Suzuki, T. Nagayo
A ciliated cell was observed electron microscopically in a pyloric gland with intestinal metaplasia. This specimen was obtained from the gastric antrum of a 61 -year-old man suffering from gastric cancer. The cell had flask-like contour and possessed numerous cilia protruding from the free surface of a deeply indented cytoplasm into the glandular lumen. Most cilia were similar in structure to normal kinocilia and had nine peripheral doublets and two central microtubules (9 + 2 configuration). Some cilia, however, showed varying configurations, such as 9 + 0,9 + 3, or 9 + 4.
The occurence of ciliated cell in human stomach may be related to the disturbance of cellular differentiation of the gastric primordial cells during metaplastic change.
{"title":"Electron Microscopy of a Ciliated Cell in the Human Stomach","authors":"K. Yamashiro , H. Suzuki, T. Nagayo","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A ciliated cell was observed electron microscopically in a pyloric gland with intestinal metaplasia. This specimen was obtained from the gastric antrum of a 61 -year-old man suffering from gastric cancer. The cell had flask-like contour and possessed numerous cilia protruding from the free surface of a deeply indented cytoplasm into the glandular lumen. Most cilia were similar in structure to normal kinocilia and had nine peripheral doublets and two central microtubules (9 + 2 configuration). Some cilia, however, showed varying configurations, such as 9 + 0,9 + 3, or 9 + 4.</p><p>The occurence of ciliated cell in human stomach may be related to the disturbance of cellular differentiation of the gastric primordial cells during metaplastic change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80121-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12085887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0
N. Böhm , W. Kleine , U. Enzel
Fatal GVHD developed in two male newborn babies, who had been treated by repeated intrauterine (only case 2) and exchange blood transfusions because of severe Rhesus incompatibility. The clinical manifestations of the disease were fever, enlargement of liver and spleen, diarrhea, exanthema, anemia, and blood eosinophilia. Both babies died at the age of three weeks. In case 2 identical HL-A antigens were found in the blood of the last donor and in the lymphocytes of the baby obtained shortly after death.
Autopsy and histologic examinations disclosed a marked atrophy of the lymphatic organs with depletion of lymphocytes, together with an hypoplastic bone marrow. Around blood vessels in the systemic connective tissue and in many organs infiltrates of eosinophilic granulocytes, histiocytes, lymphocytes and lympho-monocytoid blasts were found. The gastro-intestinal tract, the liver and the skin were predominantly affected. In addition we observed hemorrhagic necroses of lymph nodes with extreme dilatation of lymph vessels, which were occupied by mature and immature erythroid and monocytoid cells. Ringshaped fibrinoid and hemorrhagic necroses were also found in the spleen around the Malpighian corpuscles. These inflammatory and necrotizing tissue damages are attributed to local immune reactions between proliferating T-lymphocytes of the donor and tissue antigens of the host.
No primary defect of the immune system of the babies could be verified. It is therefore postulated that intrauterine transfusions (or an accidental materno-fetal transfusion via the placenta) induced a state of nonspecific immune tolerance by exhaustion of the immature cellular immune defence mechanisms of the fetus, thus allowing subsequent implants of immune competent cells not to be rejected but to proliferate and inhabit the lymphatic organs of the host. This hypothesis is supported by two facts: 1. Intrauterine and subsequent exchange transfusions are usually required to induce GVHD in primary immunologically normal babies (with Hassal's corpuscles and immune globulines shown to be present). 2. Only lymphocytes of the exchange transfusion donors and non of the intrauterine donors were found in the blood of the GVHD babies.
Both these requirements were also met in the cases of Naiman et al. (1969) and Parkman et al. (1974).
Our case 1 may have been caused by a slightly different mechanism in that instead of intrauterine transfusions, maternal blood cells had crossed the placenta and had induced a state of nonspecific fetal immune tolerance. This, however, could not be directly proven because no immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed in this case.
致命的GVHD发生在两名男婴中，他们因严重的恒河猴不相容而接受了反复的宫内输血(只有病例2)和交换输血。临床表现为发热、肝脾肿大、腹泻、皮疹、贫血、血嗜酸性粒细胞增多。两个婴儿都在三周大时死亡。在最后一个供体的血液和死亡后不久获得的婴儿淋巴细胞中发现2种相同的HL-A抗原。尸检和组织学检查显示淋巴器官明显萎缩，淋巴细胞减少，骨髓发育不全。在全身结缔组织和许多器官的血管周围可见嗜酸性粒细胞、组织细胞、淋巴细胞和淋巴单核细胞浸润。以胃肠道、肝脏和皮肤为主。此外，我们还观察到淋巴结的出血性坏死和淋巴管的极度扩张，淋巴管被成熟和未成熟的红细胞和单核细胞所占据。脾脏马氏小体周围可见环状纤维蛋白样组织和出血性坏死。这些炎症性和坏死性组织损伤归因于供体增殖t淋巴细胞和宿主组织抗原之间的局部免疫反应。这些婴儿的免疫系统没有原发缺陷。因此，我们假设宫内输血(或通过胎盘意外的母婴输血)通过耗尽胎儿未成熟的细胞免疫防御机制诱导了一种非特异性免疫耐受状态，从而允许随后植入的免疫能力细胞不会被排斥，而是增殖并居住在宿主的淋巴器官中。这一假设得到了两个事实的支持:在初生免疫正常的婴儿中，通常需要宫内和随后的交换输血来诱导GVHD(显示存在Hassal小体和免疫球蛋白)。2. GVHD婴儿的血液中只有交换输血供者的淋巴细胞，而非宫内供者的淋巴细胞。Naiman et al.(1969)和Parkman et al.(1974)的案例也满足了这两个要求。我们的病例1可能是由一个稍微不同的机制引起的，因为母体的血细胞穿过胎盘而不是宫内输血，并诱导了一种非特异性胎儿免疫耐受状态。然而，由于在本病例中没有进行免疫学和细胞遗传学研究，因此无法直接证明这一点。
{"title":"Graft-versus-Host Disease in two Newborns After Repeated Blood Transfusions Because of Rhesus Incompatibility","authors":"N. Böhm , W. Kleine , U. Enzel","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatal GVHD developed in two male newborn babies, who had been treated by repeated intrauterine (only case 2) and exchange blood transfusions because of severe Rhesus incompatibility. The clinical manifestations of the disease were fever, enlargement of liver and spleen, diarrhea, exanthema, anemia, and blood eosinophilia. Both babies died at the age of three weeks. In case 2 identical HL-A antigens were found in the blood of the last donor and in the lymphocytes of the baby obtained shortly after death.</p><p>Autopsy and histologic examinations disclosed a marked atrophy of the lymphatic organs with depletion of lymphocytes, together with an hypoplastic bone marrow. Around blood vessels in the systemic connective tissue and in many organs infiltrates of eosinophilic granulocytes, histiocytes, lymphocytes and lympho-monocytoid blasts were found. The gastro-intestinal tract, the liver and the skin were predominantly affected. In addition we observed hemorrhagic necroses of lymph nodes with extreme dilatation of lymph vessels, which were occupied by mature and immature erythroid and monocytoid cells. Ringshaped fibrinoid and hemorrhagic necroses were also found in the spleen around the Malpighian corpuscles. These inflammatory and necrotizing tissue damages are attributed to local immune reactions between proliferating T-lymphocytes of the donor and tissue antigens of the host.</p><p>No primary defect of the immune system of the babies could be verified. It is therefore postulated that <em>intrauterine transfusions</em> (or an accidental materno-fetal transfusion via the placenta) <em>induced a state of nonspecific immune tolerance by exhaustion of the immature cellular immune defence mechanisms of the fetus</em>, thus allowing subsequent implants of immune competent cells not to be rejected but to proliferate and inhabit the lymphatic organs of the host. This hypothesis is supported by two facts: 1. Intrauterine and subsequent exchange transfusions are usually required to induce GVHD in primary immunologically normal babies (with Hassal's corpuscles and immune globulines shown to be present). 2. Only lymphocytes of the exchange transfusion donors and non of the intrauterine donors were found in the blood of the GVHD babies.</p><p>Both these requirements were also met in the cases of Naiman et al. (1969) and Parkman et al. (1974).</p><p>Our case 1 may have been caused by a slightly different mechanism in that instead of intrauterine transfusions, maternal blood cells had crossed the placenta and had induced a state of nonspecific fetal immune tolerance. This, however, could not be directly proven because no immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed in this case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 4","pages":"Pages 381-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80120-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11243671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80118-2
P. Groscurth , G. Kistler
Introduction
Renal cell carcinoma differs from other malignancies in many respects. The number of affected male individuals is three fold that of women (Bennington, 1973). The tumor grows slowly and in some cases, metastases regress after resection of the primary tumor (Goodwin et al., 1967; Garfield and Kennedy, 1972). Women, in whom a renal cell carcinoma has been diagnosed and removed during pregnancy, seem to survive longer (Fetter and Koppel, 1963; Grabstald, 1964; Anderson and Atkinson, 1973). Whether these characteristics would manifest themselves also under experimental conditions, was largely unknown. Therefore, 17 human renal cell carcinomas were implanted into thymus-dysgenetic male and female “nude” mice. This animal has been found to be a suitable model for study of malignant tumors under defined experimental conditions. The morphological findings in both the primary tumors and in the successive transplants are reported.
Materials and Methods
Animals: Nude (nu/nu) mice with the genetic background Balb/c were bred under SPF-conditions and transfered, when 4-6 weeks old, to a conventional animal room for the transplantation experiments.
Transplantations
Small fragments (approx. 1 X 1 X 5 mm) of the renal cell carcinomas were washed in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.5% (w/v) Minocyclin® and implanted subcutaneously into the scapular region of 3-8 male and female “nude” mice. The animals were killed when the implants regressed or grew. The growing tumors were transfered to additional mice.
Morphology
Both the primary tumors and the transplants were studied by light- and electron microscopy. For light microscopy, the tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in paraffine and stained with either hematoxilin and eosin or Azan or PAS. For electron microscopy, small fragments of the tumors were prefixed in 2.5% glutaral-dehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (buffered to pH 7.2 with 0.1 M S-collidine). After dehydratation in an ethanol series, the material was embedded in Epon. Section contrast was enhanced by uranyl acetate and lead citrate.
In vitro studies
Fragments of the 10th nude mouse-passage of the tumor H 1077 were minced under aseptic conditions in HAM-medium containing 15% calf serum and trypsinized. Cell suspensions were washed and dispersed in 30 ml Falcon tissue culture flasks or 30 mm Petri dishes. After 1-3 in vitro-passages, the cells were either processed for light- and electron microscopy or re-injected into nude mice.
Results
Nine implanted renal cell carcinomas (4 clear cell-type, 2 granular-cell type, and 3 mixed-cell type, see Table I) were found to regress in the nude mice after variable periods of time. The subcutaneous residual nodules consisted of a dense collagenous connective tissue, surrounded by a few granulocytes, mac
肾细胞癌在许多方面不同于其他恶性肿瘤。受影响的男性个体数量是女性的三倍(Bennington, 1973)。肿瘤生长缓慢，在某些情况下，原发肿瘤切除后转移灶消退(Goodwin et al.， 1967;加菲尔德和肯尼迪，1972)。在怀孕期间确诊并切除肾细胞癌的妇女似乎存活得更长(Fetter和Koppel, 1963;Grabstald, 1964;安德森和阿特金森，1973)。这些特征是否会在实验条件下表现出来，在很大程度上是未知的。因此，将17个人肾细胞癌植入胸腺发育不良的雄性和雌性“裸”小鼠。在规定的实验条件下，这种动物已被发现是研究恶性肿瘤的合适模型。报告了原发肿瘤和连续移植的形态学结果。材料与方法动物:Balb/c遗传背景的裸小鼠(nu/nu)在spf条件下繁殖，4-6周龄转移到常规动物室进行移植实验。移植:小碎片(约。1 × 1 × 5 mm)的肾细胞癌用含有0.5% (w/v)米诺环素®的磷酸盐缓冲盐水洗涤，皮下植入3-8只雄性和雌性“裸”小鼠的肩胛骨区域。当植入物退化或生长时，这些动物就会被杀死。正在生长的肿瘤被转移到其他小鼠身上。光镜、电镜观察原发瘤和移植瘤的形态。光镜下，将组织固定在Bouin溶液中，包埋在石蜡中，并用苏木素和伊红或Azan或PAS染色。在电子显微镜下，肿瘤的小片段被预先固定在2.5%戊二醛和0.1 M钙酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.2)中，后固定在1%四氧化锇中(用0.1 M s -碰撞碱缓冲至pH 7.2)。在乙醇系列中脱水后，将材料包埋在Epon中。乙酸铀酰和柠檬酸铅增强了切片造影剂。体外实验:肿瘤h1077第10代裸鼠传代片段在含15%牛血清的ham -培养基中无菌切碎并胰蛋白酶化。细胞悬液洗涤后分散于30ml Falcon组织培养瓶或30mm培养皿中。体外传代1-3次后，细胞或进行光镜和电镜处理，或重新注射到裸鼠体内。结果在不同时间后，裸鼠移植肾细胞癌(透明细胞型4例，颗粒细胞型2例，混合细胞型3例，见表1)均出现回归。皮下残余结节由致密的胶原结缔组织组成，周围有少量粒细胞、巨噬细胞和少数小群淋巴细胞。结节内未见肿瘤细胞。7个肿瘤植入物(4个透明细胞型，1个颗粒细胞型和2个混合细胞型)在接种后在动物体内持续存在长达112天(表1)。光镜和电镜下，结节中含有小群肿瘤细胞，其形态与原发肿瘤非常相似(图1和2)。肿瘤细胞通常缺乏明确的基底膜(图2a)。周围结缔组织的许多毛细血管内衬有开窗内皮(图2b)。一种混合型肾细胞癌，其特征是细胞非常多形性(图3)，有丝分裂活性高，在裸鼠皮下迅速增殖。肿瘤可连续移植24代以上(998天)。在整个实验过程中，移植体在雄性和雌性小鼠体内都生长良好。在淋巴结或其他器官中未发现肿瘤细胞转移。总的来说，移植物保持了原发肿瘤的形态特征。然而，与原代移植物相比，它们含有更多的透明细胞(图5b)，颗粒细胞显示出更多的溶酶体和微胞泡(图6a和c)。顶端细胞表面的微绒毛经常形成刷状边界(图6a)。相反，在移植前后不久怀孕的雌性裸鼠中，肿瘤消退甚至消失。在这些动物中，密集的结缔组织疤痕和少数单核细胞通常是移植肿瘤在接种部位的唯一残余。通过胰蛋白酶化nu/nu小鼠第10代的肿瘤片段获得的细胞在体外形成由上皮细胞和成纤维细胞样成分组成的单层(图9)。将培养物传代至3代，并将其细胞重新注射到裸鼠中。 在几周内，这些动物形成了典型的肿瘤结节，其形态与“传统”移植的肿瘤结节相同。在已报道的实验中，将17个人肾细胞癌皮下植入具有Balb/C遗传背景的胸腺发育不良裸鼠，发现9个肿瘤完全消失，并被结缔组织取代。另外7例在植入后长达112天仍能观察到形态完整的肿瘤细胞群。结节中未见肿瘤细胞有丝分裂。只有一个非常多形性的混合细胞型肾癌表现出快速的生长，并且可以在24个裸鼠传代中连续移植。这些观察结果与Katsuoka等人(1976)的研究结果相反，Katsuoka等人报道了在裸鼠身上成功移植了9个人肾细胞癌中的5个。这种肿瘤摄取的差异是否反映了所使用的裸鼠遗传背景的差异，还是由于动物的繁殖或维持条件，目前尚不清楚。虽然不能排除其他因素，但值得注意的是，在我们的研究中，唯一的增殖性肿瘤是具有高有丝分裂活性的低分化肾细胞癌。这与Merenda等人(1975)的研究结果一致。这些作者观察到，只有未分化的子宫内膜癌会在裸鼠中生长，而分化的子宫内膜癌在没有增殖的动物中持续存在。我们观察到肿瘤片段在移植实验中妊娠的雌性裸鼠体内有规律地退化并最终消失，这需要进一步的研究。这种消除是否由动物在怀孕期间的内分泌和/或免疫系统的变化引起，目前尚不清楚。在这种情况下，值得注意的是，在怀孕期间切除肾细胞癌的妇女似乎表现出较长的生存时间(Fetter和Koppel, 1963;Grabstald, 1964;安德森和阿特金森，1973)。
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Pub Date : 1977-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80122-4
E. Meyer-Breiting , S.E. Meyer
A histological method for large series sectioning of larynx is described. The decalcification consists of 5% HNO3, absolute alcohol and 0,5 chromic trioxide. The larynx is imbedded in paraplast. Sections of 6-10 μm in thickness can be cut from blocs 8 X 6 X 5 cm and stained by general histological methods. The complete procedure took only six to seven weeks.
Es wird über eine Methode zur Herstellung von Organgroßschnitten bei Kehlköpfen berichtet. Die Entkalkung erfolgt mit einem Gemisch aus 5%iger Salpetersäure, absolutem Alkohol und 0,5%iger Chromsäure. Die Einbettung wurde in Paraplast vorgenommen. Von den in der Regel 8 X 6 X 5 cm3 großen Blöcken lassen sich 5-10 μm dicke Schnitte herstellen und färben. Die Gesamtherstellungsdauer beträgt 6-7 Wochen.
寻找儿子的历史方法降低5%的氧化氮浓度，纯酒精和0.5个三氧化氢拉恩乐队变了Sections of 6-10μm在thickness所能切从blocs 8 X 6 X 5厘米(2英寸)和《将军stained histological methods .谢谢它只是谢谢谢谢有一种方法可以割喉。释放是由5%的硝酸、自愿性酒精和0.5%的铬溶液混合而成。固定是在屏息中进行的通常的8 X 6 X 5 cm3大方块数做五到十μm厚的伤口上而染.总和持续6至7周。
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Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6
W. Sandritter , H. Grimm
Cytophotometric DNA determinations on 26 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yielded the following findings:
1.
Follicular centrocytic/centroblastic lymphomas (M. Brill-Symmers) and diffuse centrocytic lymphomas (lymphocytic lymphosarcoma) have a diploid DNA stem line. Diploid DNA values are observed in benign tumors, so that the assignment of these lymphomas to the group of “low grade malignancies” appears justified.
2.
Lymphoblastic sarcomas show an aneuploid DNA stem line, as do 96% of all malignant tumors.
3.
Lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts seen in immunocytomas are aneuploid. Thus these lymphomas must belong to the group of “high-grade malignant lymphomas” as regards their DNA distribution.
4.
Immunoblastic sarcomas have aneuploid DNA stem lines (1 case tetraploid), in which both the lymphoid cells and the plasma cells from those immunoblastic sarcomas arising from immunocytomas show atypical DNA distribution patterns.
5.
In two cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, the lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts are aneuploid. They are thus regarded as “high grade malignancy” lymphomas.
The results are discussed with respect to clinical course and prognosis. Measurements on a larger series of cases and correlation to clinical data are needed to support these results. Ultrafast DNA measurements made by flow-through cytophotometry can perhaps be helpful in the future for making the decision between a “low” or “high” grade malignant lymphoma.
Zytophotometrische DNS-Bestimmungen an 26 Fällen von Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen ergaben:
1.
Follikuläre zentrozytisch/zentroblastische Lymphome (M. Brill-Symmers) haben ebenso wie die diffusen zentrozytischen Lymphome (lymphozytisches Lymphosarkom) eine diploide DNS-Stammlinie. Diploide DNS-Werte werden in gutartigen Tumoren beobachtet, so daß die Einstufung dieser Lymphome in der Gruppe “low grade malignancy” gerechtfertigt erscheint.
2.
Lymphoblastische Sarkome zeigen eine aneuploide DNS-Stammlinie, wie 96% aller malignen Tumoren.
3.
Bei den Immunozytomen sind lymphoide Zellen und Plasmazellen ebenso wie die Immunoblasten aneuploid. Die Lymphome müßten, nach der DNS-Verteilung zu urteilen, zu den “High-grade-malignancy”-Lymphomen zu rechnen sein.
4.
Immunoblastische Sarkome zeigen aneuploide DNS-Stammlinien (1 Fall tetraploid), wobei auch die lymphoiden Zellen und Plasmazellen bei den immunoblastischen Sarkomen, die aus Immunozytomen entstanden sind, atypische DNS-Verteilungsmuster aufweisen.
5.
In zwei Fällen von angioimmunoblastischer Lymphadenopathie sind lymph
对26例非霍奇金淋巴瘤进行细胞光度DNA测定，结果如下:滤泡性中心细胞/中心母细胞淋巴瘤(M. Brill-Symmers)和弥漫性中心细胞淋巴瘤(淋巴细胞淋巴肉瘤)具有二倍体DNA干系。在良性肿瘤中观察到二倍体DNA值，因此将这些淋巴瘤归为“低级别恶性肿瘤”似乎是合理的。淋巴母细胞肉瘤显示非整倍体DNA干系，96%的恶性肿瘤都是如此。免疫细胞瘤中的淋巴样细胞、浆细胞和免疫母细胞是非整倍体。因此，就其DNA分布而言，这些淋巴瘤必须属于“高度恶性淋巴瘤”组。免疫母细胞肉瘤具有非整倍体DNA干细胞(1例为四倍体)，其中由免疫细胞瘤引起的免疫母细胞肉瘤的淋巴样细胞和浆细胞均表现出非典型的DNA分布模式。在2例血管免疫母细胞性淋巴结病中，淋巴样细胞、浆细胞和免疫母细胞呈非整倍体。因此，它们被认为是“高级别恶性”淋巴瘤。结果就临床病程和预后进行了讨论。需要对更大范围的病例进行测量并与临床数据进行相关性来支持这些结果。通过流式细胞光度法进行的超快DNA测量可能有助于将来决定“低”或“高”级别恶性淋巴瘤。1. Zytophotometrische DNS-Bestimmungen and 26 Fällen非霍奇金淋巴瘤;Follikuläre zentrozytisch/zentroblastische淋巴瘤(m.b ill- symmers) haben benso and die diffusen zentrozytischen淋巴瘤(lymphozytisches Lymphosarkom) ine二倍体DNS-Stammlinie。二倍体DNS-Werte在鼻窦性肿瘤中表现不明显，因此在鼻窦性淋巴瘤组“低级别恶性肿瘤”中表现不明显。2 .淋巴母细胞性肉瘤(Sarkome zeigen eine)非整倍体dns - stamlinie，占恶性肿瘤的96%。【关键词】免疫酶系，淋巴细胞，质粒，非整倍体。3 . Die lymphoma m ßten, nach der DNS-Verteilung zu urteilen, zu den " high -grade malignant " - lymphoma zu rechnen sein。4 .免疫母细胞性肉瘤(zeigsche Sarkome)非整倍体(1 Fall四倍体)，其中淋巴母细胞性肉瘤和浆母细胞性肉瘤，免疫母细胞性肉瘤，非典型型(atypissche dns - verilungsmuster aufweisen)。在zwei Fällen血管免疫母细胞性淋巴病变，淋巴细胞，Plasmazellen和免疫母细胞非整倍体。Sie m ssen demnach也为“高级别恶性肿瘤”-淋巴细胞癌。我的研究对象是我的研究对象，我的研究对象是我的预测。Messungen and iner größeren Zahl von Fällen and Korrelation zu den klinischen Daten sollese Ergebnisse untermaun。Ultraschnelle DNS-Messungen mit der Durchflußphotometrie können vielleicht in Zukunft hilfreich sein f r die Entscheidung“低”或“高恶性”淋巴。
{"title":"DNA in Non Hodgkin-Lymphoma —A Cytophotometric Study","authors":"W. Sandritter , H. Grimm","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cytophotometric DNA determinations on 26 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yielded the following findings:</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>Follicular centrocytic/centroblastic lymphomas (M. Brill-Symmers) and diffuse centrocytic lymphomas (lymphocytic lymphosarcoma) have a diploid DNA stem line. Diploid DNA values are observed in benign tumors, so that the assignment of these lymphomas to the group of “low grade malignancies” appears justified.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Lymphoblastic sarcomas show an aneuploid DNA stem line, as do 96% of all malignant tumors.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts seen in immunocytomas are aneuploid. Thus these lymphomas must belong to the group of “high-grade malignant lymphomas” as regards their DNA distribution.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>Immunoblastic sarcomas have aneuploid DNA stem lines (1 case tetraploid), in which both the lymphoid cells and the plasma cells from those immunoblastic sarcomas arising from immunocytomas show atypical DNA distribution patterns.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>In two cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, the lymphoid cells, plasma cells, and immunoblasts are aneuploid. They are thus regarded as “high grade malignancy” lymphomas.</p></span></li></ul><p>The results are discussed with respect to clinical course and prognosis. Measurements on a larger series of cases and correlation to clinical data are needed to support these results. Ultrafast DNA measurements made by flow-through cytophotometry can perhaps be helpful in the future for making the decision between a “low” or “high” grade malignant lymphoma.</p></div><div><p>Zytophotometrische DNS-Bestimmungen an 26 Fällen von Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen ergaben:</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>Follikuläre zentrozytisch/zentroblastische Lymphome (M. Brill-Symmers) haben ebenso wie die diffusen zentrozytischen Lymphome (lymphozytisches Lymphosarkom) eine diploide DNS-Stammlinie. Diploide DNS-Werte werden in gutartigen Tumoren beobachtet, so daß die Einstufung dieser Lymphome in der Gruppe “low grade malignancy” gerechtfertigt erscheint.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Lymphoblastische Sarkome zeigen eine aneuploide DNS-Stammlinie, wie 96% aller malignen Tumoren.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Bei den Immunozytomen sind lymphoide Zellen und Plasmazellen ebenso wie die Immunoblasten aneuploid. Die Lymphome müßten, nach der DNS-Verteilung zu urteilen, zu den “High-grade-malignancy”-Lymphomen zu rechnen sein.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>Immunoblastische Sarkome zeigen aneuploide DNS-Stammlinien (1 Fall tetraploid), wobei auch die lymphoiden Zellen und Plasmazellen bei den immunoblastischen Sarkomen, die aus Immunozytomen entstanden sind, atypische DNS-Verteilungsmuster aufweisen.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>In zwei Fällen von angioimmunoblastischer Lymphadenopathie sind lymph","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 213-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80048-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11544671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4
H. Kröner , M. Planker
Introduction
Early after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride there is an influx of calcium into the liver cell (Reynolds, 1963; Rees, 1962). A previous study (Kröner, 1973) showed that increased intracellular calcium level is correlating with the loosing of cytoplasmatic enzymes. On the other hand Minot (1929) and Cantarow (1938) described a protective effect of calcium against the toxic manifestation of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Varying the rat calcium uptake by giving vitamin D3 or calcium gluconate we studied the influence of calcium on the release of enzymes and electrolyte shift in the early phase of liver cell injury.
Material and Methods
Experiments were performed with female Wistar rats, weighing 160–220 g and maintained on Altromin standard diet and water ad libitum. The rats were killed 2, 4 and 6 hours after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body weight). Calcium and magnesium were determined in serum and liver by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Potassium and sodium were estimated by flame photometry. The activity of alanine-transaminase and lactate-dehydrogenase in serum was determined spectrophotometrically (Biochemica Test Combination, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH). Vitamin D3 (Bayer/Merck) diluted in olive oil was applied by stomach tube 72 hours before experiments were started. Calcium gluconate solution was given simultaneously with carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneal.
Results and Discussion
The early rise of liver calcium after application of carbon tetrachloride was much larger in animals treated additionally with calcium gluconate or pretreated with vitamin D3. In contrast there were no distinct differences in plasma calcium. The additional treatment further caused a lesser resp. later shift of sodium and potassium in liver and an inhibition of enzyme release. The effects are specific for carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Analysis of intracellular distribution of calcium led us to the assumption of two different phenomena for the biphasic increase of calcium in liver described by Reynolds (1964) in carbon tetrachloride poisoning.
{"title":"The Significance of Intracellular Calcium in Rat Liver Cell Damage by Carbon Tetrachloride","authors":"H. Kröner , M. Planker","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride there is an influx of calcium into the liver cell (<span>Reynolds, 1963</span>; <span>Rees, 1962</span>). A previous study (<span>Kröner, 1973</span>) showed that increased intracellular calcium level is correlating with the loosing of cytoplasmatic enzymes. On the other hand Minot (1929) and Cantarow (1938) described a protective effect of calcium against the toxic manifestation of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Varying the rat calcium uptake by giving vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or calcium gluconate we studied the influence of calcium on the release of enzymes and electrolyte shift in the early phase of liver cell injury.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>Experiments were performed with female Wistar rats, weighing 160–220 g and maintained on Altromin standard diet and water ad libitum. The rats were killed 2, 4 and 6 hours after intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body weight). Calcium and magnesium were determined in serum and liver by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Potassium and sodium were estimated by flame photometry. The activity of alanine-transaminase and lactate-dehydrogenase in serum was determined spectrophotometrically (Biochemica Test Combination, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH). Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (Bayer/Merck) diluted in olive oil was applied by stomach tube 72 hours before experiments were started. Calcium gluconate solution was given simultaneously with carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneal.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The early rise of liver calcium after application of carbon tetrachloride was much larger in animals treated additionally with calcium gluconate or pretreated with vitamin D<sub>3</sub>. In contrast there were no distinct differences in plasma calcium. The additional treatment further caused a lesser resp. later shift of sodium and potassium in liver and an inhibition of enzyme release. The effects are specific for carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Analysis of intracellular distribution of calcium led us to the assumption of two different phenomena for the biphasic increase of calcium in liver described by Reynolds (1964) in carbon tetrachloride poisoning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"160 3","pages":"Pages 245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80050-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11414061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-07-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(77)80051-6
Ch. Hohbach
The prostate of 4 mature pure bred Beagles 12 months old was studied 3 weeks following a single i.m. injection of 1 mg estradiol/kg body weight by means of histochemistry (acid and alcaline phosphatase) and electron microscopy. Four 11 months old Beagles served as controls. Estradiol leads to a variable reaction of glandular epithelium. There is an atrophy of active secretory cells, probably due to an inhibition of the release of ICSH by the anterior pituitary lobe, that in turn leads to a deficiency of androgens. The residual secretory function is not sufficient for normal synthesis of secretory granules, recognizable through the decrease in electron density of secretory granules and the extensive loss of activity of acid phosphatase. Under physiologic conditions it corresponds in its localization to the amount of secretory granules lying in the apical portion of the cytoplasm.
The basal reserve cells show an ambivalence. Normally under the predominant influence of androgen they do not show any metaplasia, but they differentiate into the secretorely active epithelial cell. Without stimulation by androgens, estradiol leads to a basal cell proliferation with squamous metaplasia particularly in the dorso-lateral lobes close to the urethra. The activity of alcaline phosphatase shows a minor decrease in the capillary endothelium under estradiol. With increasing maturation of the metaplastic squamous epithelium the activity of alcaline phosphatase increases in the upper cell layer.
Die Prostata 4 geschlechtsreifer reinrassiger 12 Monate alter Beagle-Hunde wurde 3 Wochen nach 1 × Östrogenbehandlung (Östradiol 1 mg/kg KG i.m.) histochemisch (saure und alkalische Phosphatase) und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Kontrollen dienten vier 11 Monate alte Beagle-Hunde.
Östradiol führt zu unterschiedlicher Reaktion des Drüsenepithels. Die sekretorisch aktiven Zellen atrophieren möglicherweise durch eine zum Androgenmangel führende Hemmung der ICSH-Ausschüttung. Die sekretorische Restfunktion reicht nicht zur normalen Sekretsynthese, erkennbar am Schwund der Elektronendichte der Sekretgranula und dem weitgehenden Verlust der sauren Phosphataseaktivität. Diese ist physiologischerweise in ihrer Lokalisation der Menge im apikalen Zytoplasma liegender Sekretgranula proportional.
Die basalen Reservezellen erweisen sich als ambivalent. Normalerweise zeigen sie unter dem vorherrschenden Androgeneinfluß keine Metaplasie, sondern differenzieren sich zur sekretorisch aktiven Epithelzelle. Bei fehlendem Androgenstimulus führt Östradiol zu einer Basalzellproliferation mit Plattenepithelmetaplasie besonders in urethranahen dorsolateralen Lappenanteilen der Prostata. Die alkalische Phosphataseaktivität nimmt unter Östradiol im Kapillarendothel gering ab. Mit zunehmender Ausreifung des metaplastischen Plattenepithels nimmt die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase in den oberen Epithellagen zu.
采用组织化学(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)和电镜观察方法，对4只12月龄成熟纯种比格犬单次静脉注射雌二醇1 mg /kg体重3周后的前列腺进行了研究。四只11个月大的比格犬作为对照组。雌二醇导致腺上皮的可变反应。活跃的分泌细胞萎缩，可能是由于垂体前叶抑制ICSH的释放，进而导致雄激素缺乏。残留的分泌功能不足以正常合成分泌颗粒，这可以通过分泌颗粒的电子密度降低和酸性磷酸酶活性的广泛丧失来识别。在生理条件下，它的定位与位于细胞质顶端的分泌颗粒的数量相对应。基底储备细胞表现出一种矛盾的状态。正常情况下，在雄激素的主导作用下，它们不会发生化生，但会分化为分泌活跃的上皮细胞。在没有雄激素刺激的情况下，雌二醇会导致基底细胞增生并伴有鳞状化生，特别是在靠近尿道的背外侧叶。雌二醇作用下毛细血管内皮碱性磷酸酶活性略有下降。随着化生鳞状上皮的成熟，碱性磷酸酶的活性在上层细胞层增加。Die Prostata 4 geschlechtsreifer rerassiger 12 Monate alter Beagle-Hunde wurde 3 Wochen nach 1 × Östrogenbehandlung (Östradiol 1 mg/kg kg i.m)组织化学(碱性磷酸酶)和电子显微分析。也控制的客户是11 Monate老比格-亨德。Östradiol fhrt zu unterschiedlicher reaction des drsen上皮细胞。[2] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]2 .在研究中，研究人员研究了电子粒子的合成和神经细胞的合成，并研究了神经细胞的合成和神经细胞的合成。在猪卵磷脂卵磷脂中卵磷脂的定位中，疾病的生理学研究进展。这也是一个矛盾的问题。正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况下，正常情况。雄性激素刺激因子 hrt Östradiol与尿道基底细胞增生和血小板上皮化生有关。Die alkaline ische Phosphataseaktivität nimmt unter Östradiol im Kapillarendothel gerering ab. Mit zunehmender Ausreifung des metplastischen platattenepithelial nimmt Die Aktivität der alkaline Phosphatase in den oberen epithelial agen zu。
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