Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310051
Rabee A.E. Ali, Osama A.A. Zedan, Haitham Ramadan
The common onion Allium cepa L., belonging to family Alliaceae is considered as one of the oldest cultivated plants worldwide and cultivated under a widely range of climates. Onion has a great economic importance and used in the nutrition habits in all households. There are several insect pests linked with cultivated onion in the filed such as onion thrips. Onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci ) are important pests on onion and the populations can develop very rapidly so it is necessary to control its population on onion. The experiments were applied in the field to evaluate four synthetic pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin) and insecticide “abamectin” and their mixtures, also to study combination of these compounds with Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (NP9) as adjuvants on their toxicity against Thrips tabaci on the onion field during 2023 season. The obtained results showed that, all tested compounds when used alone or in their mixtures or combination with (NP9) as adjuvants were highly effective in controlling Thrips tabaci .
{"title":"Toxicity of Certain Insecticides and their Mixtures for Manage of Thrips (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) on Onion Crop under Field Conditions","authors":"Rabee A.E. Ali, Osama A.A. Zedan, Haitham Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310051","url":null,"abstract":"The common onion Allium cepa L., belonging to family Alliaceae is considered as one of the oldest cultivated plants worldwide and cultivated under a widely range of climates. Onion has a great economic importance and used in the nutrition habits in all households. There are several insect pests linked with cultivated onion in the filed such as onion thrips. Onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci ) are important pests on onion and the populations can develop very rapidly so it is necessary to control its population on onion. The experiments were applied in the field to evaluate four synthetic pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin) and insecticide “abamectin” and their mixtures, also to study combination of these compounds with Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (NP9) as adjuvants on their toxicity against Thrips tabaci on the onion field during 2023 season. The obtained results showed that, all tested compounds when used alone or in their mixtures or combination with (NP9) as adjuvants were highly effective in controlling Thrips tabaci .","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ElWadi Elgadeed is one of the promising areas for national agricultural projects in Egypt. Soil fertility index and precision farming seek to maximize yield and reduce environmental damage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the soil fertility of NPK. 25 soil samples (depth 0-50 cm) were collected. The results showed that most of the soil samples were nitrogen moderate fertile (Mf) and high fertile (Hf) with a percentage of (44%). Dissimilar, 64% of soil samples were low soil phosphorus fertility class, which has low wheat potential production (< 500 Kg ha -1 ). GIS-map of N-soil fertility classes (FN) classified the soil samples into four groups. Relating to the GIS–map of P– soil fertility marked the absence of the very high fertile class, the minority of the high fertile class (92.00 ha, 0.09%), and the dominance of the low fertile class (7352.00 ha, 72.94 %). The potassium very high fertile class occupied the whole of the studied area (10080 ha, 100 %). GIS Maps illustrated that most of the studied area had no need for N application for low wheat production (< 500 Kg ha -1 ), and 5 kg ha -1 N applied to (55. 05%) of the area to moderate wheat production (500–750 Kg ha -1 ). Attaining high wheat production (750 -1000 Kg ha -1 ) classified the studied area into nine levels of N requirements. We assigned different eight P application levels to have high wheat production. Finally, the research referred to that there is no need for K fertilizer, even for high wheat production.
{"title":"Soil Fertility Evaluation and Fertilizer Requirements of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for Wheat Production (Sharq El-Owainat – Western South Egypt)","authors":"Emad Abdelaty, Abdrabelnabi Abd-El-Hady, Ebrahim Shehata","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.315235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.315235","url":null,"abstract":"ElWadi Elgadeed is one of the promising areas for national agricultural projects in Egypt. Soil fertility index and precision farming seek to maximize yield and reduce environmental damage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the soil fertility of NPK. 25 soil samples (depth 0-50 cm) were collected. The results showed that most of the soil samples were nitrogen moderate fertile (Mf) and high fertile (Hf) with a percentage of (44%). Dissimilar, 64% of soil samples were low soil phosphorus fertility class, which has low wheat potential production (< 500 Kg ha -1 ). GIS-map of N-soil fertility classes (FN) classified the soil samples into four groups. Relating to the GIS–map of P– soil fertility marked the absence of the very high fertile class, the minority of the high fertile class (92.00 ha, 0.09%), and the dominance of the low fertile class (7352.00 ha, 72.94 %). The potassium very high fertile class occupied the whole of the studied area (10080 ha, 100 %). GIS Maps illustrated that most of the studied area had no need for N application for low wheat production (< 500 Kg ha -1 ), and 5 kg ha -1 N applied to (55. 05%) of the area to moderate wheat production (500–750 Kg ha -1 ). Attaining high wheat production (750 -1000 Kg ha -1 ) classified the studied area into nine levels of N requirements. We assigned different eight P application levels to have high wheat production. Finally, the research referred to that there is no need for K fertilizer, even for high wheat production.","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136272216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.318124
Yousra Al-Demerdash, Ahmed El-Rasoul, Hala E. Bassiouny
ABSTRACT
{"title":"An Econometric Analysis of the Causality Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables and the Public Budget Deficit in Malaysia during the Period (1990–2019)","authors":"Yousra Al-Demerdash, Ahmed El-Rasoul, Hala E. Bassiouny","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.318124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.318124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.317551
Hanan Nagib
{"title":"Farmers Knowledge of The Negative Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Their Sources of Information About It in some Villages at Al-Buhera Governorate","authors":"Hanan Nagib","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.317551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.317551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308362
E. Zaki
The research aimed mainly at studying the impact of the exchange rate on the value of Egyptian agricultural exports and agricultural imports during the period (2000-2022). The research used the vector auto regression model (VAR) through using the Dickey Fuller test and Granger causality test to examine a causal relationship among these variables. The results showed that is a significant direct relationship between the exchange rate and agricultural exports which an increase by 10% in the exchange rate will leads to an increase by 13.4% in the value of agricultural exports. However, the results proved that there is no cointegration relationship between these two variables, and the results also showed that there is no causal relationship between them. Also, the results shows there is a significant direct relationship between the exchange rate and agricultural imports, and this isn't consistent with the economic theory because imports are inflexible, and most of the production inputs are imported from abroad, and there is no cointegration relationship or a causal relationship between these two variables.
{"title":"The Exchange Rate and its Impact on Egyptian Agricultural Exports and Imports","authors":"E. Zaki","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308362","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed mainly at studying the impact of the exchange rate on the value of Egyptian agricultural exports and agricultural imports during the period (2000-2022). The research used the vector auto regression model (VAR) through using the Dickey Fuller test and Granger causality test to examine a causal relationship among these variables. The results showed that is a significant direct relationship between the exchange rate and agricultural exports which an increase by 10% in the exchange rate will leads to an increase by 13.4% in the value of agricultural exports. However, the results proved that there is no cointegration relationship between these two variables, and the results also showed that there is no causal relationship between them. Also, the results shows there is a significant direct relationship between the exchange rate and agricultural imports, and this isn't consistent with the economic theory because imports are inflexible, and most of the production inputs are imported from abroad, and there is no cointegration relationship or a causal relationship between these two variables.","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91156383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312322
A. Elwan
Soil characteristics and processes are governed by soil formation factors. This study aimed to assess the influence of geomorphological units and related criteria of soil parent material and topographic feature on soil properties and formation in Wadi El-Ashara, Egypt. The impact of bedrock catenas and slope position as geomorphic criteria on soil properties was investigated in Wadi El-Ashara, West of Suez Canal. The obtained results were utilized to investigate variations in the existing diagnostic criteria of the World Reference Base (WRB) and USDA Soil Taxonomy schemes. To reach these objectives, ten soil pedons were characterized across two distinct catenas in Wadi El-Ashara. The study's findings revealed that soil salinity increased downslope on piedmont and basin floor landforms. The summit positions of two catenas have weakly developed soils, but the midslope and downslope positions have more developed soils because the stable topography permits the formation of gypsic, calcic, sodic, and salic horizons. By the USDA system, soils of limestone catena were classified as Lithic Torripsamments and Lithic Torriorthents at the upslope positions, Sodic Haplocalcids at the midslope position, and Typic Torriorthents and Typic Haplocalcids at downslope position. The soils at the toeslope of the limestone catena were grouped as Solonchaks by the WRB system, since the salinity fits the requirements of salic horizon in the WRB system, but did not fit according to the USDA system, which should be standardized. This feature strongly influences soil classification and soil types across the studied two catenas. Furthermore, the soils of uppermost areas of gypsum catena (summit and shoulder) were classified as Lithic Torriorthents and Leptic Haplogypsids according to USDA system instead of Leptosols and Gypsisols by the WRB system while soils in the backslope and footslope, with secondary gypsum accumulations, were categorized as Typic Haplogypsids by USDA system and Gypsisols by WRB system. Topography across slope positions induced differences in soil depth, soil texture, water retention, soil salinity, horizonation, and morphology of studied soils from the summit to the toeslope along both catenas. According to the study's conclusions, the current versions of the WRB and USDA systems have shortcomings that necessitate standardization in order to improve these systems and develop a uniform classification method. Parent material and topography across distinct slope positions were identified as the two primary soil-forming factors influencing soil properties in the two examined catenas at Wadi El-Ashara
{"title":"Impacts of Geomorphic Units on Soil Properties in Wadi El-Ashara, Suez Canal West, Egypt","authors":"A. Elwan","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312322","url":null,"abstract":"Soil characteristics and processes are governed by soil formation factors. This study aimed to assess the influence of geomorphological units and related criteria of soil parent material and topographic feature on soil properties and formation in Wadi El-Ashara, Egypt. The impact of bedrock catenas and slope position as geomorphic criteria on soil properties was investigated in Wadi El-Ashara, West of Suez Canal. The obtained results were utilized to investigate variations in the existing diagnostic criteria of the World Reference Base (WRB) and USDA Soil Taxonomy schemes. To reach these objectives, ten soil pedons were characterized across two distinct catenas in Wadi El-Ashara. The study's findings revealed that soil salinity increased downslope on piedmont and basin floor landforms. The summit positions of two catenas have weakly developed soils, but the midslope and downslope positions have more developed soils because the stable topography permits the formation of gypsic, calcic, sodic, and salic horizons. By the USDA system, soils of limestone catena were classified as Lithic Torripsamments and Lithic Torriorthents at the upslope positions, Sodic Haplocalcids at the midslope position, and Typic Torriorthents and Typic Haplocalcids at downslope position. The soils at the toeslope of the limestone catena were grouped as Solonchaks by the WRB system, since the salinity fits the requirements of salic horizon in the WRB system, but did not fit according to the USDA system, which should be standardized. This feature strongly influences soil classification and soil types across the studied two catenas. Furthermore, the soils of uppermost areas of gypsum catena (summit and shoulder) were classified as Lithic Torriorthents and Leptic Haplogypsids according to USDA system instead of Leptosols and Gypsisols by the WRB system while soils in the backslope and footslope, with secondary gypsum accumulations, were categorized as Typic Haplogypsids by USDA system and Gypsisols by WRB system. Topography across slope positions induced differences in soil depth, soil texture, water retention, soil salinity, horizonation, and morphology of studied soils from the summit to the toeslope along both catenas. According to the study's conclusions, the current versions of the WRB and USDA systems have shortcomings that necessitate standardization in order to improve these systems and develop a uniform classification method. Parent material and topography across distinct slope positions were identified as the two primary soil-forming factors influencing soil properties in the two examined catenas at Wadi El-Ashara","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74528071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.314232
Haitham Ramadan
Beekeepers around the world try their best to find the convenient geographical and economical races for pollinating and highly amount of honeybee products. However, from all known geographical races, Carniolan and Italian and other developed genotypes such as Buckfast and Cordovan bees are widely use by beekeepers in the most of countries. Nicot Cupkit apparatus system for queen rearing used in this study to compare and evaluate the Carniolan, Italian, Buckfast, and Cordovan bees’ activity in the queen cells acceptance. In general, Cordovan genotype recorded the highest level of the percentage of queen cells acceptance followed by Buckfast, Italian, and Carniolan bees under the Egyptian environmental conditions. The highest queen cells acceptance percentage in general was in April, May, and July for all examined races and genotypes. In addition to, Buckfast bees recorded the highest rate of virgin queens’ weight followed by Carniolan bees, whereas Cordovan bees recorded regular rate of the virgin queens’ weight with no significant differences between the different study months. Furthermore, Carniolan and Buckfast bees had the best rate in virgin queens’ weight during the period from February to July with preference of virgin queens emerged in May and June. This study provides a firm basis for future research to better understand the biological and genetic differences between the examined honeybee races and genotypes and their roles in adaptation to the environmental conditions in Egyptian apiaries of bee breeding in Egypt.
{"title":"Queen Rearing Activity and Virgin Queen’s Weight for Enhancing the Beekeeping Performance among the Carniolan, Buckfast, Italian and Cordovan Bees","authors":"Haitham Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.314232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.314232","url":null,"abstract":"Beekeepers around the world try their best to find the convenient geographical and economical races for pollinating and highly amount of honeybee products. However, from all known geographical races, Carniolan and Italian and other developed genotypes such as Buckfast and Cordovan bees are widely use by beekeepers in the most of countries. Nicot Cupkit apparatus system for queen rearing used in this study to compare and evaluate the Carniolan, Italian, Buckfast, and Cordovan bees’ activity in the queen cells acceptance. In general, Cordovan genotype recorded the highest level of the percentage of queen cells acceptance followed by Buckfast, Italian, and Carniolan bees under the Egyptian environmental conditions. The highest queen cells acceptance percentage in general was in April, May, and July for all examined races and genotypes. In addition to, Buckfast bees recorded the highest rate of virgin queens’ weight followed by Carniolan bees, whereas Cordovan bees recorded regular rate of the virgin queens’ weight with no significant differences between the different study months. Furthermore, Carniolan and Buckfast bees had the best rate in virgin queens’ weight during the period from February to July with preference of virgin queens emerged in May and June. This study provides a firm basis for future research to better understand the biological and genetic differences between the examined honeybee races and genotypes and their roles in adaptation to the environmental conditions in Egyptian apiaries of bee breeding in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85496774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312311
M. Zayed, Shimaa M. Naba, Shreen Asy
{"title":"Information Needs of Farmer About the Physiological Damages of Pepper under Protected Cultivation System in some Villages of Badr District, Beheira Governorate","authors":"M. Zayed, Shimaa M. Naba, Shreen Asy","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.312311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85698106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308367
Abu Zaid Mohamad Al-Habal, Mona Mohamed Yousry, Kamal Salah Saker, Mahmoud Belal Motawea
ABSTRACT
摘要
{"title":"Potato Farmers’ Knowledge and Practices Related to Adaptation to the Effects of Climate Changes in A Number of Villages of Kom Hamada District, El- Beheira Governorate","authors":"Abu Zaid Mohamad Al-Habal, Mona Mohamed Yousry, Kamal Salah Saker, Mahmoud Belal Motawea","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.308367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86177465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310385
Maha M. B. Ahmed
ABSTRACT
摘要
{"title":"An Analytical Economic Study of the Production and Consumption of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Egypt","authors":"Maha M. B. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2023.310385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7560,"journal":{"name":"Alexandria Science Exchange Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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