Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a18313
Joshua Durie, Pryke James, Basson Reinier, F. Roets
A highly threatened and range-restricted, mountain-relic stag beetle species in the genus Colophon Gray, 1832 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), Colophon scholtzi Roets & Durie sp. nov. is described from a peak in the Riviersonderend Mountain range of South Africa. It is morphologically allied to species in the Colophon stokoei Barnard, 1929 species complex that are confined to the neighbouring Hottentots-Holland Mountain range. Colophon scholtzi seems highly range-restricted and rare as no living specimens have been observed on the single peak from where the only known fragments were collected, despite repeated surveys over the past 12 years.
{"title":"Colophon scholtzi sp. nov.: a newly described highly threatened stag beetle (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from South Africa","authors":"Joshua Durie, Pryke James, Basson Reinier, F. Roets","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a18313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a18313","url":null,"abstract":"A highly threatened and range-restricted, mountain-relic stag beetle species in the genus Colophon Gray, 1832 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), Colophon scholtzi Roets & Durie sp. nov. is described from a peak in the Riviersonderend Mountain range of South Africa. It is morphologically allied to species in the Colophon stokoei Barnard, 1929 species complex that are confined to the neighbouring Hottentots-Holland Mountain range. Colophon scholtzi seems highly range-restricted and rare as no living specimens have been observed on the single peak from where the only known fragments were collected, despite repeated surveys over the past 12 years.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17650
Candice Coombes, Storm Hilliar, Sean Moore, M. Hill
Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), commonly referred to as false codling moth, is an important pest of citrus in southern Africa. Given its quarantine status in markets to which a large portion of the fresh produce is exported, its management in citrus orchards is essential. This management typically follows a systems approach in which baculovirus-based biopesticides, such as Cryptogran™ (Betabaculovirus cryleucotreta), are considered an important component of pre-harvest control strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that adding molasses with Cryptogran™ improves field performance, further reducing the number of T. leucotreta infested fruit. However, the reason for this improvement was never determined. This study aimed to understand the role that molasses may have on the behaviour of T. leucotreta first instars under laboratory conditions, leading to this improved field efficacy, and to confirm conclusively if the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improved efficacy across a further six field trials. In the laboratory, larvae exposed to molasses-treated oranges at either a concentration of 0.25% or 0.50% moved around the surface of the oranges less and also penetrated the oranges less compared to larvae exposed to non-molasses-treated oranges. This suggested that molasses, as a phagostimulant, encouraged larval feeding quicker and longer. This will promote the uptake of the biopesticide infective units and is likely the reason for the recorded improved field efficacy of Cryptogran™ when combined with molasses across all six field trials compared to its application alone. These two sets of experiments confirm conclusively that the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improves its efficacy and should be standard practice in the industry.
{"title":"The addition of molasses to the Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus formulation improves its efficacy against Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of citrus in South Africa","authors":"Candice Coombes, Storm Hilliar, Sean Moore, M. Hill","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17650","url":null,"abstract":"Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), commonly referred to as false codling moth, is an important pest of citrus in southern Africa. Given its quarantine status in markets to which a large portion of the fresh produce is exported, its management in citrus orchards is essential. This management typically follows a systems approach in which baculovirus-based biopesticides, such as Cryptogran™ (Betabaculovirus cryleucotreta), are considered an important component of pre-harvest control strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that adding molasses with Cryptogran™ improves field performance, further reducing the number of T. leucotreta infested fruit. However, the reason for this improvement was never determined. This study aimed to understand the role that molasses may have on the behaviour of T. leucotreta first instars under laboratory conditions, leading to this improved field efficacy, and to confirm conclusively if the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improved efficacy across a further six field trials. In the laboratory, larvae exposed to molasses-treated oranges at either a concentration of 0.25% or 0.50% moved around the surface of the oranges less and also penetrated the oranges less compared to larvae exposed to non-molasses-treated oranges. This suggested that molasses, as a phagostimulant, encouraged larval feeding quicker and longer. This will promote the uptake of the biopesticide infective units and is likely the reason for the recorded improved field efficacy of Cryptogran™ when combined with molasses across all six field trials compared to its application alone. These two sets of experiments confirm conclusively that the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improves its efficacy and should be standard practice in the industry.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16992
Elisa Elisa, Jeremy Allison Allison, B. Hurley, B. Slippers, Gerda Fourie
Bathycoelia distincta is one of the most dominant stink bug pests associated with macadamia orchards in South Africa. Understanding the toxicity and sublethal effects of insecticides on this pest is essential for its effective management. This study tested four commercial insecticide formulations, consisting of one organophosphate (acephate) and three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate). The toxicity of these insecticides and their behavioural effects on mobility were assessed. The sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the biological parameters of parent B. distincta (F0) and offspring generations (F1) were also determined by treating B. distincta adults with sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30). In toxicity bioassays, acephate was more toxic to B. distincta than lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate. Behavioural changes were only observed in bugs exposed to pyrethroids, resulting in an increase in the distance walked and decrease of angular velocity. In the F0 generation, LC30 reduced the fecundity whereas the LC10 and LC30 accelerated development of the F1 generation. These results suggest that pyrethroids may enhance the dispersal of this pest and stimulate the growth of offspring populations. Further experiments should be conducted to confirm these results and understand the mechanism of action of pyrethroids on B. distincta.
Bathycoelia distincta 是南非澳洲坚果果园中最主要的蝽类害虫之一。了解杀虫剂对这种害虫的毒性和亚致死效应对有效防治这种害虫至关重要。这项研究测试了四种商用杀虫剂配方，包括一种有机磷酸酯（乙酰甲胺磷）和三种拟除虫菊酯（氰戊菊酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯和氟氰戊菊酯）。对这些杀虫剂的毒性及其对流动性的行为影响进行了评估。还通过用亚致死浓度（LC10 和 LC30）处理 B. distincta 成虫，确定了溴氰菊酯对亲代 B. distincta（F0）和子代 B. distincta（F1）生物参数的亚致死效应。在毒性生物测定中，乙酰甲胺磷对 B. distincta 的毒性高于高效氯氟氰菊酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯和涕灭威。只有接触了拟除虫菊酯的虫子才会发生行为变化，导致行走距离增加和角速度降低。在 F0 代中，LC30 会降低繁殖力，而 LC10 和 LC30 则会加速 F1 代的发育。这些结果表明，拟除虫菊酯可能会加强这种害虫的传播并刺激后代种群的增长。应开展进一步的实验来证实这些结果，并了解除虫菊酯对 B. distincta 的作用机制。
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on Bathycoelia distincta (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)","authors":"Elisa Elisa, Jeremy Allison Allison, B. Hurley, B. Slippers, Gerda Fourie","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16992","url":null,"abstract":"Bathycoelia distincta is one of the most dominant stink bug pests associated with macadamia orchards in South Africa. Understanding the toxicity and sublethal effects of insecticides on this pest is essential for its effective management. This study tested four commercial insecticide formulations, consisting of one organophosphate (acephate) and three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate). The toxicity of these insecticides and their behavioural effects on mobility were assessed. The sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the biological parameters of parent B. distincta (F0) and offspring generations (F1) were also determined by treating B. distincta adults with sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30). In toxicity bioassays, acephate was more toxic to B. distincta than lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate. Behavioural changes were only observed in bugs exposed to pyrethroids, resulting in an increase in the distance walked and decrease of angular velocity. In the F0 generation, LC30 reduced the fecundity whereas the LC10 and LC30 accelerated development of the F1 generation. These results suggest that pyrethroids may enhance the dispersal of this pest and stimulate the growth of offspring populations. Further experiments should be conducted to confirm these results and understand the mechanism of action of pyrethroids on B. distincta.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16250
Graham Holloway, Tara S. Joseph, M. Kadej
The Dermestidae is a relatively poorly studied family of insects but with a high rate of species discovery. The South African region is particularly rich in Attagenus spp. many of which are distinctively patterned. This study provides an updated list of Attagenus spp. in South Africa with a complete literature review and an image-based identification key to the Attagenus species within South Africa. Images of most species are provided. With the rise in significance of citizen science recording schemes, this study facilitates image-based identification and encourages both entomologists and citizen scientists to further contribute to the understanding of this beautiful Coleopteran family.
{"title":"A review of the Attagenus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) species from South Africa and an image-based key to identification","authors":"Graham Holloway, Tara S. Joseph, M. Kadej","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a16250","url":null,"abstract":"The Dermestidae is a relatively poorly studied family of insects but with a high rate of species discovery. The South African region is particularly rich in Attagenus spp. many of which are distinctively patterned. This study provides an updated list of Attagenus spp. in South Africa with a complete literature review and an image-based identification key to the Attagenus species within South Africa. Images of most species are provided. With the rise in significance of citizen science recording schemes, this study facilitates image-based identification and encourages both entomologists and citizen scientists to further contribute to the understanding of this beautiful Coleopteran family.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17229
N.P. Ngubane-Ndhlovu, Isabel Dhanani, F. Roets, D. Saccaggi
In 2014 the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidformes: Eriophyidae), was detected in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa for the first time causing significant damage to cultivated blueberries. This was the first detection of this pest outside of North America, to which it is native. However, its taxonomic description at that time lacked critical detail and omitted characters and life stages important for easy and accurate identification. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we combined phase contrast light microscopy with low-temperature SEM and DNA barcoding data to revise the description of A. vaccinii using South African specimens. Additional characters not included in previous descriptions but reported here are the h1 (accessory) setae, leg I & II u’ (mesal) setae, and leg II bv (femoral) setae. Detailed descriptions and measurements of all life stages are included, along with a discussion of morphological variation and biology. Two DNA sequences of common barcode regions (nuclear and mitochondrial) are provided to further aid in identification. In addition, a key to all known species of eriophyoid mites present on Vaccinium is provided.
2014 年，南非姆普马兰加省首次发现蓝莓芽螨（Acalitus vaccinii，Acari: Trombidformes: Eriophyidae），对栽培蓝莓造成了重大损害。这是在其原产地北美洲以外首次发现这种害虫。然而，当时对它的分类学描述缺乏关键细节，遗漏了对轻松准确识别非常重要的特征和生命阶段。我们采用综合分类方法，结合相衬光学显微镜、低温扫描电镜和 DNA 条形码数据，利用南非标本修订了对 A. vaccinii 的描述。以前的描述中没有包括但在此报告的其他特征是 h1（附属）刚毛、腿 I 和 II u'（中轴）刚毛以及腿 II bv（股）刚毛。报告中包括对所有生命阶段的详细描述和测量结果，以及对形态变异和生物学特性的讨论。还提供了两个共同条形码区域（核和线粒体）的 DNA 序列，以进一步帮助识别。此外，还提供了存在于越橘上的所有已知麦角螨种类的检索表。
{"title":"Revised description of the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), and a key to all Eriophyoidea on Vaccinium","authors":"N.P. Ngubane-Ndhlovu, Isabel Dhanani, F. Roets, D. Saccaggi","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17229","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014 the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidformes: Eriophyidae), was detected in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa for the first time causing significant damage to cultivated blueberries. This was the first detection of this pest outside of North America, to which it is native. However, its taxonomic description at that time lacked critical detail and omitted characters and life stages important for easy and accurate identification. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we combined phase contrast light microscopy with low-temperature SEM and DNA barcoding data to revise the description of A. vaccinii using South African specimens. Additional characters not included in previous descriptions but reported here are the h1 (accessory) setae, leg I & II u’ (mesal) setae, and leg II bv (femoral) setae. Detailed descriptions and measurements of all life stages are included, along with a discussion of morphological variation and biology. Two DNA sequences of common barcode regions (nuclear and mitochondrial) are provided to further aid in identification. In addition, a key to all known species of eriophyoid mites present on Vaccinium is provided.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a15718
Rosali Moffat, S. van Noort, J. Coetzee, M. Hill
Egeria densa is a submerged aquatic weed that can grow into dense monocultures in rivers and dams in South Africa, which negatively affects ecosystem functioning and services. The biological control agent Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior (Diptera: Ephydridae) was first released against Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa in 2018. Biotic resistance in an introduced range can have negative impacts on the ability of a biological control agent to establish and exert top-down pressure. Dipteran and lepidopteran species that are used as biological control agents are often susceptible to higher levels of parasitism in their introduced range than biological control agents from other insect orders. In addition, ecological analogues that are present in South Africa, make H. egeriae particularly vulnerable to biotic resistance. Considering this, post-release surveys were conducted to investigate if native parasitoids will extend their host range to include H. egeriae. Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, C. anervata van Achterberg (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini) and Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg (Braconidae: Opiinae) were reared from field-collected H. egeriae pupae, within a year of its release. These braconid parasitoids were previously recorded from a native herbivore, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae). Parasitism levels of H. egeriae ranged from 50 to 74% in cold months and 0 to 60% in warmer months, with higher levels of parasitism at a site where H. lagarosiphon naturally occurs. This study also found that cumulative release events of the biological control agent increase the probability of parasitism of field populations, by directly increasing the host pool. However, biological control efficacy can potentially be increased by limiting release efforts to a maximum of two release events per site per season, with particular focus on releasing in warm (i.e. spring/summer) months. Continued post-release surveys are necessary to not only monitor H. egeriae’s impact on E. densa, but also to obtain a better understanding of seasonal parasitism levels across E. densa-invaded sites in South Africa.
Egeria densa 是一种沉水杂草，可在南非的河流和水坝中生长成密集的单一作物，对生态系统的功能和服务产生负面影响。生物控制剂 Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior（双翅目：Ephydridae）于 2018 年首次在南非释放，用于防治 Egeria densa Planchon（水草科）。引入地区的生物抗性会对生物防治制剂建立和施加自上而下压力的能力产生负面影响。与其他昆虫纲的生物防治剂相比，被用作生物防治剂的双翅目和鳞翅目物种在其引入地区往往容易受到更高水平的寄生。此外，南非的生态类似物也使 H. egeriae 特别容易受到生物抗性的影响。有鉴于此，我们进行了释放后调查，以研究本地寄生虫是否会扩大寄主范围，将 H. egeriae 包括在内。在释放 H. egeriae 后的一年内，从野外采集的 H. egeriae 蛹中饲养了 Chaenusa semervata van Achterberg、C. anervata van Achterberg（腕足动物：Alysiinae：Dacnusini）和 Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg（腕足动物：Opiinae）。这些腕翅目寄生虫以前曾在一种本地食草动物 Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming（双翅目：Ephydridae）身上发现过。H. egeriae 的寄生水平在寒冷月份为 50% 到 74%，在温暖月份为 0% 到 60%，在 H. lagarosiphon 自然分布的地点寄生水平更高。这项研究还发现，生物防治剂的累积释放事件会直接增加寄主库，从而提高田间种群的寄生概率。不过，生物防治效果可以通过限制释放活动来提高，每个地点每个季节最多只能进行两次释放活动，尤其要注重在温暖（即春夏）的月份进行释放。有必要在释放后继续进行调查，不仅可以监测 H. egeriae 对 E. densa 的影响，还可以更好地了解南非受 E. densa 侵染地区的季节性寄生水平。
{"title":"Biotic resistance towards Hydrellia egeriae, a biological control agent for the aquatic weed Egeria densa, in South Africa","authors":"Rosali Moffat, S. van Noort, J. Coetzee, M. Hill","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a15718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a15718","url":null,"abstract":"Egeria densa is a submerged aquatic weed that can grow into dense monocultures in rivers and dams in South Africa, which negatively affects ecosystem functioning and services. The biological control agent Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior (Diptera: Ephydridae) was first released against Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa in 2018. Biotic resistance in an introduced range can have negative impacts on the ability of a biological control agent to establish and exert top-down pressure. Dipteran and lepidopteran species that are used as biological control agents are often susceptible to higher levels of parasitism in their introduced range than biological control agents from other insect orders. In addition, ecological analogues that are present in South Africa, make H. egeriae particularly vulnerable to biotic resistance. Considering this, post-release surveys were conducted to investigate if native parasitoids will extend their host range to include H. egeriae. Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, C. anervata van Achterberg (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini) and Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg (Braconidae: Opiinae) were reared from field-collected H. egeriae pupae, within a year of its release. These braconid parasitoids were previously recorded from a native herbivore, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae). Parasitism levels of H. egeriae ranged from 50 to 74% in cold months and 0 to 60% in warmer months, with higher levels of parasitism at a site where H. lagarosiphon naturally occurs. This study also found that cumulative release events of the biological control agent increase the probability of parasitism of field populations, by directly increasing the host pool. However, biological control efficacy can potentially be increased by limiting release efforts to a maximum of two release events per site per season, with particular focus on releasing in warm (i.e. spring/summer) months. Continued post-release surveys are necessary to not only monitor H. egeriae’s impact on E. densa, but also to obtain a better understanding of seasonal parasitism levels across E. densa-invaded sites in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a13585
Safia Kerbel, H. Azzi, H. Kadi, H. Fellag, J. Debras, A. Kellouche
The insecticidal effect of four crude olive pomace oils extracted from pomace collected from four localities of Kabylia, refined olive pomace oil and extra virgin olive oil were assessed under laboratory conditions for the control of adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)) and Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The doses used ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ml/25 g of durum and soft wheat seeds. In addition, the quality indices and the fatty acid composition of these oils were evaluated. The results show that the legal quality indices were well within the legal limits for crude olive-pomace oil (COP), refined pomace oil (ROP) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) categories. The effectiveness of these vegetable oils is highly dependent on the insect species, the dose rate, the exposure time and the type of oil tested The main fatty acids from all samples tested, were oleic (61.89–79.25%), palmitic (8.34–15.71%) and linoleic (8.17–16.52%) acids. For both species and substrates tested, mortality is dose and time of exposure dependent. The highest dose (0.4 ml/25 g) causes ≥ 63.75% mortality, after 24 h of exposure. Comparison of LD50 (ml/25 g) indicates that olive oil was generally more toxic than crude and refined pomace oils, for both insects and substrates, values varies from 0.005 to 0.189. The most sensitive insect was S. oryzae for most vegetable oils tested. Likewise, oils significantly reduced the F1 offspring of both insects and seed weight losses. No progeny were observed in the two pests at the highest dose, and therefore no weight loss was recorded. The results also revealed that the six oils affect the germination capacity of durum and soft wheat seeds when the dosage is increased. The results collected remain encouraging for the recommendation of natural substances as part of integrated pest management programmes against insect pests of stored grains.
{"title":"Insecticidal activity of crude olive pomace oils from Kabylia (Algeria) against the infestation of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in stored wheat grains","authors":"Safia Kerbel, H. Azzi, H. Kadi, H. Fellag, J. Debras, A. Kellouche","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a13585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a13585","url":null,"abstract":"The insecticidal effect of four crude olive pomace oils extracted from pomace collected from four localities of Kabylia, refined olive pomace oil and extra virgin olive oil were assessed under laboratory conditions for the control of adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)) and Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The doses used ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ml/25 g of durum and soft wheat seeds. In addition, the quality indices and the fatty acid composition of these oils were evaluated. The results show that the legal quality indices were well within the legal limits for crude olive-pomace oil (COP), refined pomace oil (ROP) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) categories. The effectiveness of these vegetable oils is highly dependent on the insect species, the dose rate, the exposure time and the type of oil tested The main fatty acids from all samples tested, were oleic (61.89–79.25%), palmitic (8.34–15.71%) and linoleic (8.17–16.52%) acids. For both species and substrates tested, mortality is dose and time of exposure dependent. The highest dose (0.4 ml/25 g) causes ≥ 63.75% mortality, after 24 h of exposure. Comparison of LD50 (ml/25 g) indicates that olive oil was generally more toxic than crude and refined pomace oils, for both insects and substrates, values varies from 0.005 to 0.189. The most sensitive insect was S. oryzae for most vegetable oils tested. Likewise, oils significantly reduced the F1 offspring of both insects and seed weight losses. No progeny were observed in the two pests at the highest dose, and therefore no weight loss was recorded. The results also revealed that the six oils affect the germination capacity of durum and soft wheat seeds when the dosage is increased. The results collected remain encouraging for the recommendation of natural substances as part of integrated pest management programmes against insect pests of stored grains.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17810
T. Munyai
{"title":"Professor Stefan Hendrik Foord (1971–2023)","authors":"T. Munyai","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17422
Steffan P. Hansen, J. Haran, Shelley A. Johnson, Noémie M.‐C. Hévin, Pia Addison
Phlyctinus is an endemic weevil genus of the Cape Floristic Region that comprises eight to ten species, previously classified under the monotypic P. callosus sensu lato concept. Two species of this genus, Phlyctinus callosus and P. xerophilus, are of economic concern to the deciduous fruit and grapevine industry in the Western Cape province of South Africa, causing primary damages and being of phytosanitary concern at the adult stage. The taxonomic revision conducted in 2020 raised doubts whether one of the two species was a newly emerging pest and/or what species was considered in studies before the clarification of species boundaries. Also unclear is whether these species can be controlled similarly using current control measures. The aim of this study therefore is to review the pest status of the two species over time based on museum records, field collections and historical publications, and to clarify how control measure(s) are impacted. We infer that neither species appear to be emerging pests in the region, both being of agricultural significance for at least 80 years. Phlyctinus callosus is mostly distributed along the southern coast, while P. xerophilus is distributed in inland valleys. The two species show similar biology, physiology and ecology in agro-ecosystems, and can be excluded from the host plant canopy using stem-barriers, adults being flightless. As such, it is shown that the naming of P. xerophilus as a pest is mainly a taxonomical clarification within a pre-existing species complex.
Phlyctinus是开普花卉区特有的象鼻虫属，由八到十个物种组成，以前被归类为单型的P. callosus sensu lato概念。该属的两个物种，Phlyctinus callosus 和 P. xerophilus，对南非西开普省的落叶水果和葡萄产业具有经济意义，在成虫阶段会造成初级损害并引起植物检疫问题。2020 年进行的分类修订令人怀疑这两个物种中是否有一个是新出现的害虫，以及/或者在物种界限明确之前的研究中考虑了哪些物种。此外，目前的控制措施是否能对这些物种进行类似的控制也不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是根据博物馆记录、野外采集和历史出版物，回顾这两个物种长期以来的虫害状况，并阐明控制措施的影响。我们推断，这两个物种似乎都不是该地区新出现的害虫，至少在 80 年前都具有重要的农业意义。Phlyctinus callosus 主要分布在南部沿海地区，而 P. xerophilus 则分布在内陆山谷。这两个物种在农业生态系统中表现出相似的生物学、生理学和生态学特征，成虫不会飞，可以利用茎屏障将其排除在寄主植物冠层之外。因此，将 P. xerophilus 命名为害虫主要是在分类学上澄清了已有的物种群。
{"title":"New data on an old pest complex: The status of Phlyctinus callosus Schönherr and Phlyctinus xerophilus Haran (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in South Africa","authors":"Steffan P. Hansen, J. Haran, Shelley A. Johnson, Noémie M.‐C. Hévin, Pia Addison","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2024/a17422","url":null,"abstract":"Phlyctinus is an endemic weevil genus of the Cape Floristic Region that comprises eight to ten species, previously classified under the monotypic P. callosus sensu lato concept. Two species of this genus, Phlyctinus callosus and P. xerophilus, are of economic concern to the deciduous fruit and grapevine industry in the Western Cape province of South Africa, causing primary damages and being of phytosanitary concern at the adult stage. The taxonomic revision conducted in 2020 raised doubts whether one of the two species was a newly emerging pest and/or what species was considered in studies before the clarification of species boundaries. Also unclear is whether these species can be controlled similarly using current control measures. The aim of this study therefore is to review the pest status of the two species over time based on museum records, field collections and historical publications, and to clarify how control measure(s) are impacted. We infer that neither species appear to be emerging pests in the region, both being of agricultural significance for at least 80 years. Phlyctinus callosus is mostly distributed along the southern coast, while P. xerophilus is distributed in inland valleys. The two species show similar biology, physiology and ecology in agro-ecosystems, and can be excluded from the host plant canopy using stem-barriers, adults being flightless. As such, it is shown that the naming of P. xerophilus as a pest is mainly a taxonomical clarification within a pre-existing species complex.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a17451
Dave Edge
Southern African Moths and their Caterpillars. Hermann Staude, Mike Picker and Charles Griffiths. Pelagic Publishing, 20–22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, UK. 464 pp. ISBN 978-1-78427-347-7. This long-awaited guide to an important and ubiquitous faunal group will not only be a valuable reference for serious lepidopterists, but also a valuable tool to enable the ever growing band of citizen scientists and conservationists to become more familiar with their subjects. It is written for the most part in plain language, whilst also exposing the reader to terms used by experts to describe moths and their caterpillars, thus also having an educational purpose. The adult photographs are of moths in the wild, in contrast to earlier publications, which were of museum specimens.
南部非洲飞蛾及其毛虫。Hermann Staude、Mike Picker 和 Charles Griffiths。Pelagic Publishing, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, UK.464 页。ISBN 978-1-78427-347-7.这本期待已久的指南介绍了一个重要且无处不在的动物群体，它不仅是严肃的鳞翅目学家的重要参考资料，也是不断壮大的公民科学家和保护主义者队伍更加熟悉其研究对象的重要工具。本书大部分内容用通俗易懂的语言撰写，同时也向读者介绍了专家用于描述蛾类及其毛虫的术语，因此也具有教育意义。书中的成虫照片均为野外飞蛾，这与早期出版物中的博物馆标本截然不同。
{"title":"Book Review: Southern African Moths and their Caterpillars","authors":"Dave Edge","doi":"10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a17451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a17451","url":null,"abstract":"Southern African Moths and their Caterpillars. Hermann Staude, Mike Picker and Charles Griffiths. Pelagic Publishing, 20–22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, UK. 464 pp. ISBN 978-1-78427-347-7.\u0000This long-awaited guide to an important and ubiquitous faunal group will not only be a valuable reference for serious lepidopterists, but also a valuable tool to enable the ever growing band of citizen scientists and conservationists to become more familiar with their subjects. It is written for the most part in plain language, whilst also exposing the reader to terms used by experts to describe moths and their caterpillars, thus also having an educational purpose. The adult photographs are of moths in the wild, in contrast to earlier publications, which were of museum specimens.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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