This study selected sheep as an animal model for domestic and wildlife ruminants to collect and identify arthropods of forensic importance. Two adult Merino sheep were humanely killed (each in cold and warm season) at Ukulinga Research and Training Farm of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Five decomposition stages were observed as fresh, bloated, active, advanced and dry stages. Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae flies comprising of Chrysomya marginalis (Wiedemann), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann), Ch. chloropyga (Wiedemann.), Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), Musca domestica (Walker) and Sarcophaga calcifera (Boettcher) were recorded. Colonisation by coleopterans during the warm season started as early as the fresh stage with Dermestes maculatus (De Geer), Thanatophilus micans (Fabricius) and Onthophagus crassicollis (Boucomont), whilst the same species were collected from the bloated stage in the cold season. Chrysomya marginalis, M. domestica, D. maculatus, T. micans and O. crassicollis persisted on the carcass throughout the five stages of decomposition during the warm season. Results from this study generated important information on the endemic arthropod species that are attracted to sheep carcass during the warm and cold season in a locality of the KwaZulu-Natal province and their succession pattern can be further investigated as potential indicator species in estimating the post-mortem interval in this locality.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Beetles and Flies of Forensic Importance on Sheep Carrion in Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa","authors":"D. Tembe, M. Malatji, S. Mukaratirwa","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0590","url":null,"abstract":"This study selected sheep as an animal model for domestic and wildlife ruminants to collect and identify arthropods of forensic importance. Two adult Merino sheep were humanely killed (each in cold and warm season) at Ukulinga Research and Training Farm of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Five decomposition stages were observed as fresh, bloated, active, advanced and dry stages. Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae flies comprising of Chrysomya marginalis (Wiedemann), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann), Ch. chloropyga (Wiedemann.), Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), Musca domestica (Walker) and Sarcophaga calcifera (Boettcher) were recorded. Colonisation by coleopterans during the warm season started as early as the fresh stage with Dermestes maculatus (De Geer), Thanatophilus micans (Fabricius) and Onthophagus crassicollis (Boucomont), whilst the same species were collected from the bloated stage in the cold season. Chrysomya marginalis, M. domestica, D. maculatus, T. micans and O. crassicollis persisted on the carcass throughout the five stages of decomposition during the warm season. Results from this study generated important information on the endemic arthropod species that are attracted to sheep carcass during the warm and cold season in a locality of the KwaZulu-Natal province and their succession pattern can be further investigated as potential indicator species in estimating the post-mortem interval in this locality.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"590 - 601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46652222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new species of scale insect, Aclerda restionae sp. n., is described and illustrated.
描述并说明了一新种鳞虫Aclerda restionae sp. n.。
{"title":"Notes on the Aclerdidae (Homoptera, Coccinea) of South Africa, with Description of a New Species","authors":"J. Giliomee, I. Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0392","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of scale insect, Aclerda restionae sp. n., is described and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"392 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nine new species of Caenis from Angola are described herein: Caenis wegeneriana sp. n. (imago), Caenis angolensis sp. n. (imago and larva), Caenis branchiata sp. n. (larva), Caenis filappendicessp.n.(imago),Caenisulesisp.n.(larva),Caeniscubangosp.n.(larva),Caenisarmata sp. n. (imago), Caenis brevispinata sp. n. (imago), and Caenis gallocristata sp. n. (imago). The relationship between the newly described species and other known African species is discussed. The vicariant biogeographic affiliation of Caenis wegeneriana to a related species group in South America, separated by continental drift, is considered. A key to the male imagoes is provided, including Caenis antelucana Malzacher, 1990, Caenis brevipes Kimmins, 1956, Caenis douglasi Malzacher, 1993 and Caenis jinjana Kimmins, 1956, which have previously been recorded in the Cunene River, along the shared border with Namibia.
{"title":"New Caenis Species (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Angola, Okavango and Zambezi River Basins","authors":"P. Malzacher, H. Barber-James","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0563","url":null,"abstract":"Nine new species of Caenis from Angola are described herein: Caenis wegeneriana sp. n. (imago), Caenis angolensis sp. n. (imago and larva), Caenis branchiata sp. n. (larva), Caenis filappendicessp.n.(imago),Caenisulesisp.n.(larva),Caeniscubangosp.n.(larva),Caenisarmata sp. n. (imago), Caenis brevispinata sp. n. (imago), and Caenis gallocristata sp. n. (imago). The relationship between the newly described species and other known African species is discussed. The vicariant biogeographic affiliation of Caenis wegeneriana to a related species group in South America, separated by continental drift, is considered. A key to the male imagoes is provided, including Caenis antelucana Malzacher, 1990, Caenis brevipes Kimmins, 1956, Caenis douglasi Malzacher, 1993 and Caenis jinjana Kimmins, 1956, which have previously been recorded in the Cunene River, along the shared border with Namibia.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"563 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to test the use of plant volatiles as a simple, safe and effective technology for postharvest insect pest control. Specifically, the fumigant action of the three local plant essential oils, namely Cinnamomum sp. (Lauraceae), Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), and Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), were tested against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which has recently become a major pest of dry beans in Egypt. To test the efficacy of each oil, 7 μl was added to a piece of filter paper at various concentrations (4–11 %) and then placed inside a perforated gelatin capsule. This technique was used to eliminate direct contact between the volatile oils and stored beans (to avoid any adverse effects to beans). At 48 h post-treatment, adult insect mortality was significantly increased for all tested oils relative to the untreated control. Based on probit analysis at 48 h post-treatment, the Cinnamomum sp. essential oil was the most effective (LC50 = 4.55 %; 4.23–4.89 %). Eucalyptus sp. (LC50 = 7.47 %; 7.15–7.80 %) and S. officinalis (LC50 = 7.57 %; 7.20–7.96 %) had similar but lower efficacies. The main component in Cinnamomum sp. oil was (E)-cinnamaldehyde (a phenylpropene), while in Eucalyptus sp. oil it was 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and in S. officinalis oil they were eucalyptol and camphor (terpenoids). The fumigant activity of the tested oils is attributable to their richness in volatile phenylpropene and terpenoids. The gelatin capsule is a simple yet effective technique that could be used in integrated pest management programmes for postharvest treatments, but further testing is required, especially in small-to-medium storage environments.
{"title":"Fumigant Activity and Chemical Composition of Three Essential Oils Used in Gelatin Capsules for the Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Egypt","authors":"M. A. El-Bar, S. Fawki","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0534","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to test the use of plant volatiles as a simple, safe and effective technology for postharvest insect pest control. Specifically, the fumigant action of the three local plant essential oils, namely Cinnamomum sp. (Lauraceae), Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), and Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), were tested against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which has recently become a major pest of dry beans in Egypt. To test the efficacy of each oil, 7 μl was added to a piece of filter paper at various concentrations (4–11 %) and then placed inside a perforated gelatin capsule. This technique was used to eliminate direct contact between the volatile oils and stored beans (to avoid any adverse effects to beans). At 48 h post-treatment, adult insect mortality was significantly increased for all tested oils relative to the untreated control. Based on probit analysis at 48 h post-treatment, the Cinnamomum sp. essential oil was the most effective (LC50 = 4.55 %; 4.23–4.89 %). Eucalyptus sp. (LC50 = 7.47 %; 7.15–7.80 %) and S. officinalis (LC50 = 7.57 %; 7.20–7.96 %) had similar but lower efficacies. The main component in Cinnamomum sp. oil was (E)-cinnamaldehyde (a phenylpropene), while in Eucalyptus sp. oil it was 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and in S. officinalis oil they were eucalyptol and camphor (terpenoids). The fumigant activity of the tested oils is attributable to their richness in volatile phenylpropene and terpenoids. The gelatin capsule is a simple yet effective technique that could be used in integrated pest management programmes for postharvest treatments, but further testing is required, especially in small-to-medium storage environments.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"534 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yamkoulga, A. Waongo, F. Traoré, Z. Ilboudo, A. Sanon
The beetle Caryedon furcatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) attacks and destroys the seeds of Senegalia macrostachya (Fabales: Mimosaceae), thereby limiting their availability as food throughout the year. Very few studies have focused on the ability of this pest to develop on S. macrostachya seeds. The objective of this study was to determine some bio-demographic parameters of C. furcatus on the seeds of S. macrostachya. The results of this study showed that the peak of female oviposition occurs on the second day after emergence. The female laid during her lifetime, an average of 37 eggs of which an average of 35 hatched, while larval survival until imago was 87.14 %. The weight and size of emerged adults did not differ statistically by sex. However, the sex ratio was female-biased. The mean development time for C. furcatus to complete its development on the seeds of S. macrostachya was 50 days. With a population that doubles every 4.75 days, C. furcatus could cause significant damage to the seed stocks of S. macrostachya.
{"title":"Some Biological Parameters of Caryedon furcatus (Anton & Delobel) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Developing on the Seeds of Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Fabales: Mimosaceae), an Edible Wild Legume in Burkina Faso","authors":"M. Yamkoulga, A. Waongo, F. Traoré, Z. Ilboudo, A. Sanon","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0395","url":null,"abstract":"The beetle Caryedon furcatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) attacks and destroys the seeds of Senegalia macrostachya (Fabales: Mimosaceae), thereby limiting their availability as food throughout the year. Very few studies have focused on the ability of this pest to develop on S. macrostachya seeds. The objective of this study was to determine some bio-demographic parameters of C. furcatus on the seeds of S. macrostachya. The results of this study showed that the peak of female oviposition occurs on the second day after emergence. The female laid during her lifetime, an average of 37 eggs of which an average of 35 hatched, while larval survival until imago was 87.14 %. The weight and size of emerged adults did not differ statistically by sex. However, the sex ratio was female-biased. The mean development time for C. furcatus to complete its development on the seeds of S. macrostachya was 50 days. With a population that doubles every 4.75 days, C. furcatus could cause significant damage to the seed stocks of S. macrostachya.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"395 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Amar, K. Benoufella-Kitous, F. Medjdoub-Bensaad
Since aphids are considered among the most dangerous pests to crops, it is important to know the species existing in a given biotope. The results showed a total richness of 48 aphid species, divided into 29 genera, six tribes and four subfamilies. Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae are the most captured species with 14.74 %, 11.96 % and 9 % respectively. This paper presents the first finding of Aphis ruborum (Börner & Schilder, 1931) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) for Algeria and the second record for the African continent. This aphid is reported for the first time from the Tizi-Ouzou province. The first winged individuals were caught in yellow traps installed in a potato field in Makouda (Tizi-Ouzou, northern Algeria). Several colonies were detected on wild brambles around this field. Two aphid species are found on potato leaves, namely M. persicae and A. fabae. M. persicae was the most abundant species with 1082 individuals.
{"title":"Aphid Survey Reveals the First Record of the Bramble Aphid Aphis ruborum (Börner & Schilder, 1931) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Algeria, and a Second Report for Africa After 59 Years","authors":"S. A. Amar, K. Benoufella-Kitous, F. Medjdoub-Bensaad","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0649","url":null,"abstract":"Since aphids are considered among the most dangerous pests to crops, it is important to know the species existing in a given biotope. The results showed a total richness of 48 aphid species, divided into 29 genera, six tribes and four subfamilies. Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae are the most captured species with 14.74 %, 11.96 % and 9 % respectively. This paper presents the first finding of Aphis ruborum (Börner & Schilder, 1931) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) for Algeria and the second record for the African continent. This aphid is reported for the first time from the Tizi-Ouzou province. The first winged individuals were caught in yellow traps installed in a potato field in Makouda (Tizi-Ouzou, northern Algeria). Several colonies were detected on wild brambles around this field. Two aphid species are found on potato leaves, namely M. persicae and A. fabae. M. persicae was the most abundant species with 1082 individuals.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"649 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, insecticidal activity, growth regulation, adult performance and repellency of petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Salix safsaf leaves were tested against third instar larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica. Different concentrations were applied through larval feeding to further investigate different biological aspects. Obtained data revealed that mortality percentages among the third instar larvae and pupal stage increased with increasing concentration. Moreover, larval and pupal duration was remarkably lengthened in a concentration-dependent manner vs the control. Furthermore, pupation and adult emergence percentages were inversely decreased with applied concentrations. The LC50 and LC90 values may be arranged as follows: petroleum ether (467.714 and 793.348 ppm), methanol (423.22 and 710.18 ppm), chloroform (533.55 and 942.88 ppm) and ethanol (384.90 and 712.33 ppm), respectively, compared with synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a positive control that showed an LC50 value of 0.889 ppm and LC90 of 1.367 ppm. Overall, the toxic effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of S. safsaf could compete with the synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a natural insecticide in the control. Different tested extracts affected the adult longevity, pre-maturation period, maturation period and post-maturation period in a delayed manner. Tested extracts exhibited potent repellency action that reached about 67.0 % for petroleum ether and 87.3 % for ethanol extract at a concentration of 800 ppm. Generally, S. safsaf leaf extracts may be considered as a potent candidate for housefly control and could be exploited as a component of integrated vector control strategies that may help in developing future safe and cheap insecticides of natural origin.
{"title":"Lethality and Vitality Efficiency of Different Extracts of Salix safsaf Leaves against the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)","authors":"Ahmed I Hasaballah, T. Selim, M. Tanani, E. Nasr","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0479","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, insecticidal activity, growth regulation, adult performance and repellency of petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Salix safsaf leaves were tested against third instar larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica. Different concentrations were applied through larval feeding to further investigate different biological aspects. Obtained data revealed that mortality percentages among the third instar larvae and pupal stage increased with increasing concentration. Moreover, larval and pupal duration was remarkably lengthened in a concentration-dependent manner vs the control. Furthermore, pupation and adult emergence percentages were inversely decreased with applied concentrations. The LC50 and LC90 values may be arranged as follows: petroleum ether (467.714 and 793.348 ppm), methanol (423.22 and 710.18 ppm), chloroform (533.55 and 942.88 ppm) and ethanol (384.90 and 712.33 ppm), respectively, compared with synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a positive control that showed an LC50 value of 0.889 ppm and LC90 of 1.367 ppm. Overall, the toxic effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of S. safsaf could compete with the synthetic insecticide deltamethrin as a natural insecticide in the control. Different tested extracts affected the adult longevity, pre-maturation period, maturation period and post-maturation period in a delayed manner. Tested extracts exhibited potent repellency action that reached about 67.0 % for petroleum ether and 87.3 % for ethanol extract at a concentration of 800 ppm. Generally, S. safsaf leaf extracts may be considered as a potent candidate for housefly control and could be exploited as a component of integrated vector control strategies that may help in developing future safe and cheap insecticides of natural origin.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"479 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts), is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat storages worldwide, whereas phosphine fumigation is common to manage this pest. The efficacy of phosphine use largely depends on its concentration, exposure time and target species. However, building an effective relationship between phosphine concentration and exposure time for T. granarium is of great importance. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentration and time on phosphine toxicity against susceptible or resistant strains of T. granarium. Both strains of T. granarium were exposed to phosphine gas at various concentrations and exposure times in a laboratory. Our results showed that the exposure time was the more important variable than the phosphine concentration against both T. granarium strains; in contrast, the concentration was comparatively more important against the resistant strain than the susceptible one. This study highlights the importance of concentration and exposure time in phosphine fumigation efficacy against T. granarium.
{"title":"The Toxicity of Phosphine against Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)","authors":"S. Yadav, C. Srivastava","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0414","url":null,"abstract":"The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts), is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat storages worldwide, whereas phosphine fumigation is common to manage this pest. The efficacy of phosphine use largely depends on its concentration, exposure time and target species. However, building an effective relationship between phosphine concentration and exposure time for T. granarium is of great importance. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentration and time on phosphine toxicity against susceptible or resistant strains of T. granarium. Both strains of T. granarium were exposed to phosphine gas at various concentrations and exposure times in a laboratory. Our results showed that the exposure time was the more important variable than the phosphine concentration against both T. granarium strains; in contrast, the concentration was comparatively more important against the resistant strain than the susceptible one. This study highlights the importance of concentration and exposure time in phosphine fumigation efficacy against T. granarium.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"414 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Toudert-Taleb, M. Hedjal-Chebheb, Y. Derdah, A. Kellouche
In Algeria, grain-based products occupy a huge place, both in terms of nutrition and economy. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the second most cultivated cereal after durum wheat (Triticum durum), the latter being often subject to attack from various storage pests. To address this issue, phosphine fumigations are used most of the time. Unfortunately, these types of conventional pesticides have caused the emergence of resistant insect populations, and represents a real danger for the environment and human health. The objective of this study is the introduction of a sustainable biological solution to control Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) populations using the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum. To this end, O. gratissimum essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, then chemically characterised by CGMS. A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate its insecticidal effects on adults of R. dominica. The impact of the extracted essential oil was also estimated on the mineral fraction and the physicochemical and rheological properties of healthy soft wheat flour, R. dominica infested flour, and treated wheat. After 30 days of incubation, the results showed that the essential oil is active by fumigation. The LD50 is 14.36 (µl/l air) for a TL50 of 153.690 h. The repellent effect was estimated at 64.44 %. The essential oil does not affect the rheological and physicochemical characteristics of the flour, which remain compliant with ISO standards. The mineral fraction showed no significant differences at P-values < 0.05.
{"title":"Repellent and Insecticidal Effects of Basil Essential Oil (Ocimum gratissimum) from Kabylie (Algeria) on Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichydae): Impact of Treatment on the Physicochemical and Rheological Qualities of Common Wheat Flour (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"K. Toudert-Taleb, M. Hedjal-Chebheb, Y. Derdah, A. Kellouche","doi":"10.4001/003.029.0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0547","url":null,"abstract":"In Algeria, grain-based products occupy a huge place, both in terms of nutrition and economy. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the second most cultivated cereal after durum wheat (Triticum durum), the latter being often subject to attack from various storage pests. To address this issue, phosphine fumigations are used most of the time. Unfortunately, these types of conventional pesticides have caused the emergence of resistant insect populations, and represents a real danger for the environment and human health. The objective of this study is the introduction of a sustainable biological solution to control Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) populations using the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum. To this end, O. gratissimum essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, then chemically characterised by CGMS. A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate its insecticidal effects on adults of R. dominica. The impact of the extracted essential oil was also estimated on the mineral fraction and the physicochemical and rheological properties of healthy soft wheat flour, R. dominica infested flour, and treated wheat. After 30 days of incubation, the results showed that the essential oil is active by fumigation. The LD50 is 14.36 (µl/l air) for a TL50 of 153.690 h. The repellent effect was estimated at 64.44 %. The essential oil does not affect the rheological and physicochemical characteristics of the flour, which remain compliant with ISO standards. The mineral fraction showed no significant differences at P-values < 0.05.","PeriodicalId":7566,"journal":{"name":"African Entomology","volume":"29 1","pages":"547 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70086097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tshikhudo, L. R. Nnzeru, D. L. Saccaggi, R. Makhado, T. Munyai
International agricultural trade is a pathway by which pests and diseases can be transported and introduced to new areas. We examined South Africa's import of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) as a pathway for the introduction of mites in the genus Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Kiwifruit is imported as fresh fruit and propagation material from various countries. This study aimed to analyse the risk posed by these mites associated with the importation of kiwifruit over a period of 11 years (2009–2019). The majority of mite interceptions were associated with fresh fruit (97 %) mainly from Italy. Five mite species were recorded: Brevipalpus obovatus, B. chilensis, B. hondurani, B. lewisi and a new, undescribed species in genus Brevipalpus. The majority of specimens intercepted belonged to the new species. Any species not present in South Africa, particularly this Brevipalpus sp. nov., may pose a potential threat to South Africa's agricultural and horticultural industries and environment as well as biodiversity. The introduction of these species is a major phytosanitary concern because these polyphagous Brevipalpus spp. could find favourable conditions for their survival, development, reproduction and dispersal since South Africa is a country of diverse environmental conditions and various host plants.
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