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Temporal Markers as a Way of Modeling the Artistic Space of the Poem “Pe aceeași ulicioară” by M. Eminescu 时间标记作为塑造米内斯库《Pe aceeași ulicioaru》诗歌艺术空间的一种方式
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-116-129
A. Diehl
Introduction. The present study is devoted to the analysis of linguistic and cultural specifics and features of the functioning of temporal markers that model the artistic space of the poem “Pe aceeași ulicioară” by M. Eminescu. The universal category of temporality becomes the object of research at the intersection of various scientific disciplines: linguistics, psycholinguistics, literary criticism and cultural studies. Thus, the relevance of this study is primarily due to its interdisciplinarity. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the linguocultural analysis of temporal markers in the poem “Pe aceeași ulicioară” by M. Eminescu is carried out within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the temporal structure of the poem “Pe aceeași ulicioară”, taking into account the meaning-forming function of temporal markers in its cognitive scenario, structuring the temporal perspective of the poem and modeling the emotional world of the lyrical hero.Methodology and sources. The theoretical basis of the study is presented by the works of linguists who analyzed the essence of the category of temporality, as well as the linguocultural specifics of emotional concepts in the anthropocentric paradigm. In this article, when analyzing the language material, the following methods were used: the method of conceptual-frame analysis, the descriptive method, the contextual and interpretive methods.Results and discussion. In the center of the artistic space of the literary works of M. Eminescu is his lyrical hero with his rich inner world an emotional person, nostalgic for the past and sensitively responding to the change of mood in his contemporary society. The article presents the results of the categorization of temporality markers, the lexemes that structure the time plans of the present and the past in the context of describing the emotional world of the lyrical hero.Conclusions. It has been found out that the temporal markers in the poem “Pe aceeași ulicioară” by M. Eminescu perform the function of localizing the events described in the poem within the artistic space of the poem, correlating them with the temporal plan of the present or past, and thus structure the world of emotional experiences of the lyrical hero. The artistic concepts “past”, “present” and “love” considered in the article closely interact and echo each other. The semantic dominant of the poem is the concept of love, which unites the selected concepts within the storyline of the poem, which is partly autobiographical.
介绍。本研究旨在分析时间标记在语言和文化上的特点和功能,这些时间标记塑造了M. Eminescu的诗歌“Pe aceeași ulicioarei”的艺术空间。时间的普遍范畴成为语言学、心理语言学、文学批评和文化研究等各学科交叉研究的对象。因此,本研究的相关性主要是由于其跨学科性。本研究的新颖之处在于将埃米内斯库的诗歌《Pe aceeași ulicioarei》中的时间标记语置于人类中心主义范式的框架内进行语言文化分析。本研究旨在识别诗歌《Pe aceeași ulicioaru》的时间结构特点,考虑到时间标记在其认知情景中的意义形成功能,构建诗歌的时间视角,塑造抒情英雄的情感世界。方法和来源。这一研究的理论基础是语言学家的著作,他们分析了时间范畴的本质,以及人类中心主义范式下情感概念的语言文化特征。本文在分析语言材料时采用了概念框架分析法、描述法、语境法和解释法。结果和讨论。在埃米内斯库文学作品的艺术空间中心,是他的抒情英雄,他内心世界丰富,是一个感性的人,对过去的怀念,对他所处的当代社会的情绪变化作出敏感的反应。本文介绍了在描写抒情英雄情感世界的语境中,对时间标记、构成现在和过去时间计划的词汇进行分类的结果。研究发现,在埃米内斯库的《Pe aceeași ulicioaru》这首诗中,时间标记的作用是将诗中所描述的事件定位在诗的艺术空间中,将它们与现在或过去的时间计划联系起来,从而构建抒情英雄的情感体验世界。文中所考虑的“过去”、“现在”、“爱”三个艺术概念,三者之间有着密切的互动和呼应。这首诗的语义主导是爱的概念,它将选定的概念结合在诗的故事情节中,这首诗部分是自传体的。
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引用次数: 0
Fragmentation as a Way of Representing a Person in T. Morrison's Novel “Beloved” 从莫里森小说《宠儿》看碎片化的人物表现方式
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-142-153
M. S. Breitling
Introduction. The purpose of this article is to study the method of human fragmentation through consideration of the bodily metaphors used by the author, as well as the construction of key models of metaphorical transfers based on the material of the novel “Beloved" by T. Morrison. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that up to now no attempts have been made to conduct a cognitive-semantic study of bodily metaphors in T. Morrison's novel "Beloved". The relevance of the study causes an increase in the interest of linguists in the study of metaphors in a literary text within the framework of semantic and cognitive approaches.Methodology and sources. The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of bodily metaphors, highlights the key denotations of the target domain and the source domain of the metaphoric mapping. A connection is revealed between the nature of metaphors and the main theme of the work – the theme of slavery and its destructive influence on human life.Results and discussion. Among the denotations of the target domain, 7 key elements were found involved in creating models of bodily metaphors: eyes, head, heart, back, hands, fingers, skin. Based on the data obtained, 26 metaphorical models were built. The target domain of the eye (6), back (5) and skin (5) has the largest number of denotations of the source domain.Conclusion. The study showed that bodily metaphors are actively used by the author when describing a person. The method of fragmentation helps to reveal the features of the destructive impact of slavery on a person's personality. Replacing a holistic representation of a person with a fragmented one, T. Morrison singles out in the appearance of each of the characters acting in the novel those fragments of the body that most characterize the personality and fate of each of them, and through metaphorization endows these fragments with a special symbolic meaning.
介绍。本文以莫里森的小说《宠儿》为素材,通过作者使用的身体隐喻来研究人类碎片化的方法,并构建隐喻转移的关键模型。本研究的科学新颖性在于,迄今为止还没有人试图对莫里森小说《宠儿》中的身体隐喻进行认知语义研究。该研究的相关性引起语言学家在语义和认知方法框架内对文学文本中隐喻研究的兴趣增加。方法和来源。本文对身体隐喻进行了语义认知分析,强调了隐喻映射的目的域和源域的关键外延。揭示了隐喻的本质与作品的主题——奴隶制及其对人类生活的破坏性影响之间的联系。结果和讨论。在目标域的外延中,发现了7个关键元素参与了身体隐喻模型的创建:眼睛、头、心、背、手、手指和皮肤。在此基础上,建立了26个隐喻模型。眼睛(6)、背部(5)和皮肤(5)的目标域与源域的表示数最多。研究表明,作者在描述一个人时会积极使用身体隐喻。碎片化的方法有助于揭示奴隶制对一个人人格的破坏性影响的特征。莫里森以碎片化的形象代替整体的形象,从小说中每个人物的外表中挑出最能代表人物个性和命运的身体碎片,并通过隐喻赋予这些碎片以特殊的象征意义。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphorical Truth and Neopragmatic Realism of Hilary Putnam 隐喻真理与希拉里·普特南的新语用现实主义
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-29-42
P. A. Ilyin
Introduction. The problems of reference, truth, and realism are extremely important for contemporary philosophical discourse. Interesting interpretations of these problems have been given by such thinkers as Paul Ricoeur and Hilary Putnam. Instead of being originally representatives of different philosophical traditions, Ricoeur and Putnam came to similar conclusions on a number of the above issues, which allows us to speak of the possible prospect of a fruitful philosophical synthesis of the two authors' positions. The aim of this paper is to justify the theoretical possibility of such a synthesis, namely to show how the different elements of Putnam's theory can be improved by using Ricoeur's approach, which is outlined in his concept of metaphorical truth. Despite the obvious proximity of the two authors, there are currently no works where Ricoeur's conception of metaphorical truth was compared with Putnam's philosophy.Methodology and sources. To meet this challenge, we have resorted to an examination of the author's primary sources, which reveal the methodology of both philosophers. Special relevance of the article is connected with the unusual perspective of considering the problems that are important for the philosophy of late 20th-early 21st century. These are problems that related to the comprehension of our thinking, the role of language in creating a picture of the world and the resulting possibility of building a special kind of ontology.Results and discussion. The study revealed many overlaps in the authors' consideration of the concept of truth, the problem of realism, and the theory of reference, as well as in the way that both philosophers define the relationship between language and reality. The most similarities were found in the relationship between Ricoeur's concept of metaphorical truth and Putnam's philosophy of inner realism.Conclusion. Thus, we can conclude that the philosophical approaches of both thinkers share a great deal of intuition about the direction in which research of truth and referential theory and the problem of realism that is one of the most fundamental problems of philosophy throughout its history can be developed.
介绍。指称、真理和实在论问题是当代哲学话语中极其重要的问题。Paul Ricoeur和Hilary Putnam等思想家对这些问题给出了有趣的解释。Ricoeur和Putnam原本并不是不同哲学传统的代表,而是在上述许多问题上得出了类似的结论,这使我们能够谈论对两位作者的立场进行富有成效的哲学综合的可能前景。本文的目的是证明这种综合的理论可能性,即展示如何通过使用利科尔的方法来改进普特南理论的不同要素,利科尔的方法概述在他的隐喻真理概念中。尽管两位作者有明显的相似之处,但目前还没有作品将利科尔的隐喻真理概念与普特南的哲学进行比较。方法和来源。为了迎接这一挑战,我们对作者的主要资料进行了考察,这些资料揭示了两位哲学家的方法论。这篇文章的特殊相关性与考虑20世纪末至21世纪初哲学重要问题的不同寻常的视角有关。这些问题与我们对思维的理解、语言在创造世界图景中的作用以及由此产生的构建一种特殊的本体论的可能性有关。结果和讨论。这项研究揭示了两位作者在思考真理概念、现实主义问题和指称理论方面的许多重叠之处,以及两位哲学家定义语言与现实之间关系的方式。利科尔的隐喻真理概念与帕特南的内在实在主义哲学的关系最为相似。因此,我们可以得出结论,两位思想家的哲学方法在真理和参照理论的研究方向上有着大量的直觉,而现实主义问题是哲学历史上最基本的问题之一。
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引用次数: 0
Argumentative Scheme for Abduction 诱拐的论证方案
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-5-17
A. Bobrova
Introduction. The paper scrutinizes abduction through the lens of the argumentation theory. Abduction is treated as an argument with a special argumentative scheme. Argumentation schemes are seen as stereotypical patterns of common types of arguments used in everyday discourse. The main issue of this publication is to specify the scheme of abductive argument and supply it with so-called critical questions. Such questions should identify, reconstruct and evaluate abduction in dialogs.Methodology and sources. At first, I analyze D. Walton and S. Yu & F. Zenker’s patterns of abductive argument, scrutiny their advantages and disadvantages. Then, based on the results of relatively new logical and philosophical investigations, I systemize the peculiarities of abduction. The role of D. Gabbay and J. Wood’s model is especially emphasized.Results and discussion. Both approaches (D. Walton and S. Yu & F. Zenker) are not free of problems. However, several recent logico-epistemological specifications of abduction can reduce them. I mean the position that abduction preserves ignorance and presumes J. Wood’s conclusionality relation. This reasoning is weak and cannot be distinguished from other arguments. These proposals and almost unknown (with interrogative conclusion) Ch. S. Peirce’s scheme of abduction produce a core of argumentative scheme.Conclusion. I provide a version of argumentative scheme of abduction with the set of critical questions. Its formal structure is defined as a move from the consequent to antecedent with the investigand mood conclusion while the material side is seen as reasoning from surprise to investigation. Modified D. Gabbay and J. Wood’s model clarifies the controversial aspects of this argumentative scheme. It also specifies critical questions functions since they lose their traditional role of evaluation.
介绍。本文从论证理论的角度审视溯因现象。溯因论被视为一种具有特殊论证方案的论证。论证方案被视为日常话语中常用论证类型的刻板模式。本出版物的主要问题是详细说明溯因论证的方案,并为其提供所谓的关键问题。这些问题应该在对话中识别、重建和评估绑架。方法和来源。本文首先分析了沃尔顿、余和曾克尔的溯因论证模式,考察了它们的优缺点。然后,基于相对较新的逻辑和哲学研究的结果,我将溯因论的特点系统化。D. Gabbay和J. Wood模型的作用被特别强调。结果和讨论。这两种方法(D. Walton和S. Yu & F. Zenker)并非没有问题。然而,最近几个关于溯因的逻辑-认识论规范可以减少它们。我指的是溯因法保留了无知,并假定了J. Wood的结论关系。这个推理是站不住脚的,不能与其他论点区分开来。这些建议和几乎不为人知的(带有疑问的结论)皮尔斯的诱拐方案产生了一个核心的论证方案。我提供了一个版本的溯因论证方案与一组关键问题。它的形式结构被定义为从结果到先行的移动,带有调查和情绪结论,而物质方面被视为从惊讶到调查的推理。修改后的D. Gabbay和J. Wood的模型澄清了这一论证方案中有争议的方面。它还规定了关键问题功能,因为它们失去了传统的评价作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Philosophy of Communitarianism in the Mission of a Sustainable University 可持续大学使命中的社群主义哲学
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-43-52
Т. A. Balmasova
Introduction. Modernity is characterized by the framework of the “neoliberal doctrine of world development”, and it defines the main vectors of the development of higher education. The “extinction” of the humanistic meaning of education, the understanding of the mission of the university solely as a contribution to public well-being through technological breakthroughs and business – all this forces us to return to the understanding of the mission of the university. The new study of the university's mission is determined by the influence of the philosophy of communitarianism on the university's activities on the track of sustainable development.Methodology and sources. The study of the problems with which the higher education system is faced, the study of the university's mission in the context of sustainable development of society and the influence of the philosophy of communitarianism and the “capability approach” are based on a systematic approach that allows us to consider the university as an integral, institutionally organized subsystem of society. The sociocultural approach allows us to consider the university corporation as a collective subject of educational, scientific and other activities focused on the values of public and personal welfare.Results and discussion. The concepts of communitarianism try to resist the dominance of neoliberalism. The main idea of these concepts is the moral improvement of society through the revival of traditional values and the education of the individual (A. McIntyre). The philosophy of “capability approach” (A. Sen, M. Nassbaum) has similar ideas on the development of moral qualities of the individual, the denial of the “egocentric essence of person”, the assertion of the priority of the general over the particular. Full-fledged human functioning depends on a set of abilities and opportunities, for example, the ability to get an education, the opportunity to participate in public and political life, to realize their own development trajectory, etc. The greater the set of these opportunities in each person's life, the higher its quality is evaluated. The philosophy of “opportunities” and the philosophy of communitarianism are interfaced with the concept of sustainable development of society. Models of “sustainable universities” that implement practices of interaction with society try to put into practice communitarian ideas, creating a balance of interests of the individual and society, public good and personal freedom.Conclusion. Combining the ideas of communitarianism with the idea of sustainable development could give a new impetus to the development of the university and change the content of its mission, and strengthen its humanitarian orientation.
介绍。现代性以“世界发展的新自由主义学说”为框架,界定了高等教育发展的主要载体。教育人文意义的“灭绝”,将大学的使命理解为仅仅通过技术突破和商业为公众福祉做出贡献——所有这些都迫使我们回归对大学使命的理解。共同体主义哲学对大学在可持续发展轨道上的活动的影响,决定了对大学使命的新研究。方法和来源。对高等教育系统所面临的问题的研究,对社会可持续发展背景下大学使命的研究,以及对社群主义哲学和“能力方法”的影响的研究,都是基于一种系统的方法,使我们能够将大学视为一个完整的、有制度组织的社会子系统。社会文化的方法允许我们把大学公司看作是一个集中于公共和个人福利价值的教育、科学和其他活动的集体主体。结果和讨论。社群主义的概念试图抵制新自由主义的主导地位。这些概念的主要思想是通过传统价值观的复兴和个人教育来提高社会的道德水平(A.麦金太尔)。“能力方法”哲学(A. Sen, M. Nassbaum)对个人道德品质的发展,对“人的自我中心本质”的否定,对一般优先于特殊的主张也有类似的观点。人的完整功能取决于一系列的能力和机会,例如,受教育的能力,参与公共和政治生活的机会,实现自身发展轨迹的机会等等。每个人生活中这些机会越多,对其质量的评估就越高。“机会”哲学和社群主义哲学与社会可持续发展的概念相互交织。实施与社会互动实践的“可持续大学”模式试图将社区主义思想付诸实践,创造个人与社会利益、公共利益和个人自由的平衡。将社区主义思想与可持续发展思想相结合,可以为大学的发展注入新的动力,改变大学的使命内容,增强大学的人文主义取向。
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引用次数: 0
Postcapitalist Projects: Ontology vs. Ideology 后资本主义项目:本体论vs意识形态
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-18-28
Yu. V. Loskutov
Introduction. The crisis of capitalist social formation determines the relevance of projecting the post-capitalist society. The article reveals the advantage of socio-ontological approach over ideological approach to this projecting. At the same time the new problem of sociocultural conceptualization of post-capitalist reality in the language of capitalist culture is raised.Methodology and sources. The problem of postcapitalist inter-formation transition was originated within Marxism, and it can only be solved by means of its socio-philosophical selfcritique. The leaders of such self-criticism on the issue of the ideological expression of postcapitalist projects are A.A. Koryakovtsev, S.V. Viskunov, P.N. Kondrashov, D.A. Davydov, I. Yakhot and J. Holloway. Any scientific socio-ontological analysis of the current interformational transition relies on generalized empirical data from special sciences and social-historical practice.Results and discussion. The postcapitalist agenda corresponds to the principle of metapolitics, potentially allowing us to transcend the influence of the wide range of ideologies used by capital to protect itself. In principle, no ideology can precisely point the way for the post-capitalist transformation of society, since social being is always more substantive and more unpredictable than social consciousness. Ultimately, the new is an objective process and the result of life itself, not the violence of human thought over life. What in the spiritual realm is truly capable of moving beyond capitalism must seem, at the very least, strange to those people whom capitalism has shaped. And the most important of post-capitalist ideas should not be conceptualized in the language of capitalist culture at all. The objective content of the driving forces of social development is conceptualized in Marxist social ontology by means of the concept of “productive forces”. The most important of the productive forces is human being. Social formation is a special way of organization of person's essential forces, and therefore the inter-formation transition has an anthropological nature. The development of labor up to the state of universal labor and formation of other essential forces leads to the decomposition of capitalism.Conclusion. A condition of social success of post-capitalist projects is the change of ideological motivation into an ontological motivation – all current social problems should be reconsidered “from the perspective” of the development of productive forces.
介绍。资本主义社会形态的危机决定了投射后资本主义社会的相关性。本文揭示了社会本体论方法相对于意识形态方法的优势。同时也提出了用资本主义文化语言对后资本主义现实进行社会文化概念化的新问题。方法和来源。后资本主义形态间过渡问题起源于马克思主义内部,只能通过马克思主义的社会哲学自我批判来解决。在后资本主义项目的意识形态表达问题上,这种自我批评的领导者是A.A. Koryakovtsev, S.V. Viskunov, P.N. Kondrashov, D.A. Davydov, I. Yakhot和J. Holloway。对当前国际转型的任何科学的社会本体论分析都依赖于来自特殊科学和社会历史实践的广义经验数据。结果和讨论。后资本主义议程与元政治的原则相对应,潜在地使我们能够超越资本用来保护自己的各种意识形态的影响。原则上,任何意识形态都不能精确地为后资本主义社会的转型指明道路,因为社会存在总是比社会意识更实质性、更不可预测。最终,新事物是一个客观的过程,是生活本身的结果,而不是人类思想对生活的暴力。在精神领域,真正能够超越资本主义的东西,至少对那些被资本主义塑造的人来说,一定是奇怪的。最重要的后资本主义思想根本不应该用资本主义文化的语言来概念化。马克思主义社会本体论通过“生产力”概念对社会发展动力的客观内容进行了概念化。最重要的生产力是人。社会形态是人的本质力量的一种特殊的组织方式,因此社会形态间的转换具有人类学的性质。劳动发展到普遍劳动状态和其他基本力量的形成,导致资本主义的解体。后资本主义项目取得社会成功的一个条件是意识形态动机向本体论动机的转变——所有当前的社会问题都应该“从”生产力发展的“角度”来重新考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence: in Search for Formalization of Ethical Foundations 人工智能:寻求伦理基础的形式化
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-17-30
R. Mamina, A. Ilina
Introduction. In digital age the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in society is largely determined by the technological breakthrough in the field of applied AI over the past two decades. However the implementation of AI innovations not only opens up new opportunities for individuals and society as a whole, but also raises a number of problems, primarily of a socio-ethical focus. In particular, the scientific community considers the problem of “moral machines” to be of high research priority. The article deals with the problems of ethical regulation of AI in human-machine communication, latest research results, and trends in this field.Methodology and sources. The article is based on methodology of cultural-philosophical, axiological and interdisciplinary approaches. There were also used the following sources: scientific research of Russian and foreign authors, documents, publications and websites dedicated to the current state of AI and the tasks to be solved by specialists in the field of AI ethics.Results and discussion. The urgency of issues in the field of AI ethics determines the need for systematization of basic ethical concepts in order to integrate ethics into applied AI. It is argued that despite the accumulation of regulatory basis in the field of AI ethics, the problem of conclusive formalization of ethical norms in this field is still unresolved. The main difficulty with the aforementioned norms lies in the fact that ethics of AI is more dependent upon formalization than upon semantics. Conclusion. Currently, the process of establishing a regulatory framework for ethics of AI is actively discussed in industry and science. However, if we want the human-machine communication to start its development from the standpoint of a human-centric digital age, it is important not only to solve ethical problems, but also to create new professions in the field of AI ethics, as well as to introduce new approaches towards the training of engineers and developers of AI systems that meet demands of the time.
介绍。在数字时代,人工智能(AI)在社会中的作用很大程度上取决于过去二十年来应用人工智能领域的技术突破。然而,人工智能创新的实施不仅为个人和整个社会开辟了新的机会,而且也提出了一些问题,主要是社会伦理问题。特别是,科学界认为“道德机器”的问题是高度优先研究的问题。本文论述了人机通信中人工智能的伦理规制问题、最新研究成果以及该领域的发展趋势。方法和来源。本文以文化哲学、价值论和跨学科的方法论为基础。还使用了以下来源:俄罗斯和外国作者的科学研究,文件,出版物和网站,致力于人工智能的现状以及人工智能伦理领域专家要解决的任务。结果和讨论。人工智能伦理领域问题的紧迫性决定了需要将基本伦理概念系统化,以便将伦理融入应用人工智能。本文认为,尽管人工智能伦理领域的监管基础已经积累,但该领域伦理规范的结论性形式化问题仍未得到解决。上述规范的主要困难在于AI的伦理更依赖于形式化而不是语义。结论。目前,业界和科学界正在积极讨论建立人工智能伦理监管框架的过程。然而,如果我们想要人机交流从以人为中心的数字时代的角度开始发展,不仅要解决伦理问题,而且要在人工智能伦理领域创造新的职业,以及引入新的方法来培训工程师和人工智能系统开发人员,以满足时代的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Regional “sociology without sociologists” in the Middle Volga Region in the Soviet Period 苏联时期伏尔加河中部地区“没有社会学家的区域社会学”
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-57-71
M. V. Kildeev
Introduction. The article analyzes circumstances of the emergence of regional sociology in the Soviet era. To describe this phenomenon, the author applies the concept of “sociology without sociology”. This idiom means scientific and sociological activity without the participation of the professional sociological community and describes this multivariate and non-linear process. The author also describes the reasons of existence of “sociology without sociologists” in Soviet and then in Russian social sciences. Methodology and sources. The category “sociology without sociologists”, used by R. Ahlberg, N. Werth, and J. Matthes describes the abnormal state of science. In addition, the author uses the concept of “public sociology” by M. Burawoy to determine the vectors of evolution of Soviet and Russian regional sociology. The main research method is the analysis of documentary sources of the Soviet era. Also new, previously unexplored archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. Results and discussion. The studied issue is examined on the ground of mass surveys of the state of religiosity of the population, which were initiated and carried out by the party bodies of the Tatarstan ASSR and Kuybishev area in 1964–1966. The results of those amateurish surveys served as a foundation for the development of sociology in the region. The article shows that throughout the existence of the “legal” regional sociology, in parallel with it, there were various forms of “sociology without sociologists”. The specificity of the Soviet period was that the existence of “sociology without sociologists” met the expectations of some CSPU circles, responsible for ideology tasks.Conclusion. The application of the category "sociology without sociologists" is of great importance for the implementation of the demarcation of scientific and non-scientific forms of social knowledge.
介绍。本文分析了苏联时期区域社会学产生的环境。为了描述这一现象,作者运用了“没有社会学的社会学”的概念。这个成语指的是没有专业社会学团体参与的科学和社会学活动,描述的是这个多元非线性的过程。作者还论述了“没有社会学家的社会学”在苏联和俄罗斯社会科学中存在的原因。方法和来源。R. Ahlberg、N. Werth和J. Matthes使用的“没有社会学家的社会学”这一范畴描述了科学的异常状态。此外,作者还运用布拉维的“公共社会学”概念,确定了苏俄地区社会学的演进向量。主要的研究方法是对苏联时期文献资料的分析。此外,新的、以前未被探索过的档案文件也被引入了科学流通。结果和讨论。所研究的问题是根据1964-1966年鞑靼斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国和库伊比舍夫地区党的机构发起和开展的人口宗教信仰状况的大规模调查来审查的。这些业余调查的结果为该地区社会学的发展奠定了基础。文章认为,在“法律”区域社会学存在的整个过程中,与之并行的还有各种形式的“无社会学家的社会学”。苏联时期的特殊性在于,“没有社会学家的社会学”的存在符合一些CSPU圈子的期望,负责意识形态任务。“没有社会学家的社会学”这一范畴的运用,对于实现社会知识的科学形式与非科学形式的划分具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Ethics of the Virtual Educational Environment, New Meanings 虚拟教育环境伦理的新内涵
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-129-141
G. A. Rozhkov, Y. Taratuhina, L. A. Tsyganova
Introduction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ethical and linguo-didactic aspects of the virtual educational space of higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst for the transition of education to an online format. Of course, most educational institutions and teachers were forced to quickly adapt the methods and forms of online organization of the educational process. The issue of online education has long been considered from the scientific and practical sides, but such a quick and forced transition to online revealed a number of problems and features of online communication. One of the most significant is the problem of the ethics of online communication in education.Methodology and sources. The theoretical base of the study is represented by the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of pedagogy of the Higher School (I.V. Robert, I.P. Kuzheleva-Sagan), the theory of generations (N. Howe and W. Strauss, D. and I. Stillman, Shamis) and intercultural communications (G. Hoftede).The empirical base of the study was data obtained during interviews with teachers (23) and students (27) of a higher school (semi-structured, random sample), analysis of the content of educational chats and visual analysis of student avatars (625) used in Zoom.Results and discussion. The article outlines the directions of research into the problems of ethics in the process of online education. On the basis of empirical data, the authors record the transfer of an informal style of communication into the format of educational communication with a teacher, which is spontaneously emotional in nature. The authors make the assumption that the regulation of communication processes had an optional and often non-mandatory format. Particular attention is paid to the understanding and perception of the ethical norms of communication by representatives of different generations.Conclusion. The synchronous format of educational communication in the online format has other syntactic, semantic and stylistic features that differ from the previously generally accepted academic language. In the future, this issue requires a comprehensive consideration not only from the communication and ethical side, but also from the point of view of legal and information security. It is necessary to form ethical standards for online teaching.
介绍。本研究的目的是分析高等教育虚拟教育空间的伦理和语言教学方面。2019冠状病毒病大流行促进了教育向在线形式的过渡。当然,大多数教育机构和教师被迫迅速适应在线组织教育过程的方法和形式。长期以来,人们一直从科学和实用的角度来考虑网络教育的问题,但这种快速而强制的过渡暴露了网络交流的一些问题和特点。其中最重要的是教育中网络交流的伦理问题。方法和来源。本研究的理论基础以俄罗斯和外国高等学校教育学领域作者的著作(I.V. Robert, I.P. Kuzheleva-Sagan)、代际理论(N. Howe和W. Strauss, D. and I. Stillman, Shamis)和跨文化交际(G. Hoftede)为代表。本研究的实证基础是通过对一所高等学校的教师(23人)和学生(27人)(半结构化随机样本)的访谈获得的数据,对Zoom中使用的教育聊天内容的分析和学生头像的视觉分析(625人)。结果和讨论。文章概述了网络教育过程中伦理问题的研究方向。在实证数据的基础上,作者记录了一种非正式的交流方式转变为与教师的教育交流形式,这种交流本质上是自发的情感交流。作者假设,通信过程的监管具有可选的、通常是非强制性的形式。特别关注的是不同世代的代表对沟通伦理规范的理解和感知。在线教学交流的同步格式具有不同于以往普遍接受的学术语言的其他句法、语义和文体特征。在未来,这个问题需要综合考虑,不仅从通信和道德方面,而且从法律和信息安全的角度。网络教学必须形成道德规范。
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引用次数: 0
English as the Lingua Franca in Europe 英语是欧洲的通用语
Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-157-174
G. Demin, L. Ulianitckaia
Introduction. Throughout several decades, English has been strengthening its position as lingua franca in international communication. The relevance of the given study is justified by the examination of the English language from the perspective of contact variantology and in the context of gradually emerging new version of English – Euro-English. The aim of the presented work is to consider the socio-political prerequisites for the strengthening of the English language role for intra-European communication, as well as to try to explain the significance of Brussels for this process. Methodology and sources. Scientific publications of domestic and foreign linguists, sociolinguists (D.S. Borodina, Z.G. Proshina, B. Kachru, D. Crystal, E. Edwards), as well as interviews with European politicians and public figures (Michel Guerin, Pascal Smet, Sven Gatz) all comprise the research material. The method of synthesis and analysis, descriptive method, comparative language analysis is used in the process of work on this article. Results and discussion. The widespread usage of English in Europe has led to the creation of several mixed language variants and intra-European communication in English gives the latter the status of a supranational communication language. Belgium is seen as the center for the formation of this new language variant, which is explained by the representation of a significant number of international organizations and corporations in Brussels. In the context of the competition between French and Dutch, the difficult linguistic situation in Belgium finds a peculiar resolution in the regular use of English which some activists propose to make the third official language of the Brussels-Capital Region. Euro-English has already acquired several characteristic lexical, morphosyntactic and phonetical features, whilst the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union has provided serious possibilities for Euro-English to continue its formation as an independent language variant free from “care” and control of English native speakers. Conclusion. The existence of the English language variants involves the preservation of uniqueness for each nation where these are used, as well as the enrichment of the language from which these variants are derived from. Gradual formation of Euro-English confirms the presence of high number of professional and everyday communications under which the representatives of various European nations find common language – and that is English.
介绍。几十年来,英语在国际交流中作为通用语的地位不断加强。从接触变异学的角度对英语语言进行考察,并在逐渐出现的新版本英语-欧洲英语的背景下,证明了上述研究的相关性。本文的目的是考虑加强英语在欧洲内部交流中的作用的社会政治先决条件,并试图解释布鲁塞尔对这一进程的重要性。方法和来源。国内外语言学家、社会语言学家(D. s . Borodina、Z.G. Proshina、B. Kachru、D. Crystal、E. Edwards)的科学著作以及对欧洲政治家和公众人物(Michel Guerin、Pascal Smet、Sven Gatz)的采访都是研究材料。在本文的研究过程中,运用了综合分析法、描述法、比较语言分析法。结果和讨论。英语在欧洲的广泛使用导致了几种混合语言变体的产生,欧洲内部的英语交流使后者具有超国家交流语言的地位。比利时被视为这种新语言变体形成的中心,这可以通过布鲁塞尔的大量国际组织和公司的代表来解释。在法语和荷兰语竞争的背景下,比利时困难的语言状况在经常使用英语中找到了一个特殊的解决方案,一些活动家建议将英语作为布鲁塞尔首都地区的第三种官方语言。欧洲英语已经获得了一些独特的词汇、词法和语音特征,而英国退出欧盟为欧洲英语继续形成独立的语言变体提供了严重的可能性,摆脱了英语母语者的“照顾”和控制。结论。英语变体的存在涉及到对使用这些变体的每个国家的独特性的保护,以及这些变体所源自的语言的丰富。欧洲英语的逐渐形成证实了大量专业和日常交流的存在,在这些交流中,欧洲各国的代表找到了共同的语言——那就是英语。
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引用次数: 0
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Dental Discourse
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