Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-147-165
E. Korovina, N. Stepanova
Introduction. The purpose of this study is to conduct a consistent semantic-cognitive analysis of the PANDEMIC concept based on the material of the pandemic period current media texts. The present study examines the objectification of the PANDEMIC concept in English-language media texts. The relevance of the linguo-cognitive representation study of the concepts of the pandemic crisis discourse is beyond doubt, since the events and phenomena of the crisis period are directly reflected in these cognitive units, with the help of which certain images are constructed in the social consciousness and, thus, public opinion is formed on key socially relevant issues.Methodology and sources. While constructing the nominative field of the PANDEMIC concept, methods of discursive and conceptual analysis were used, including recourse to the analysis of dictionary definitions and synonymic series, as well as an interpretive analysis of the context based on media texts. The material of the study was the media texts of the news resources selected from March 2020 to January 2022.Results and discussion. As a result of the study of the PANDEMIC concept, numerous cognitive features were identified. At the core of the PANDEMIC concept there are two cognitive features: harm to health and spread over vast areas. The composition of the near periphery of the PANDEMIC concept included the following cognitive features: encouraging and forcing to vaccinate; using of personal protective equipment; social isolation or quarantine; fighting against the virus. The far periphery of the PANDEMIC concept consists of the following cognitive features: fear and anxiety caused by the virus; the negative impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; the positive impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; change in normal routine.Conclusion. The semantic-cognitive analysis allows for the transition from the semantic component of language units to the content of the concept. The stylistic and phraseological units that make up the figurative component and the interpretive field of the concept provide an opportunity to expand the boundaries of the cognitive unit and construct the image of pandemic even more thoroughly.
{"title":"Semantic-Cognitive Analysis of the Concept PANDEMIC (Based on English Media Texts)","authors":"E. Korovina, N. Stepanova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-147-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-147-165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of this study is to conduct a consistent semantic-cognitive analysis of the PANDEMIC concept based on the material of the pandemic period current media texts. The present study examines the objectification of the PANDEMIC concept in English-language media texts. The relevance of the linguo-cognitive representation study of the concepts of the pandemic crisis discourse is beyond doubt, since the events and phenomena of the crisis period are directly reflected in these cognitive units, with the help of which certain images are constructed in the social consciousness and, thus, public opinion is formed on key socially relevant issues.Methodology and sources. While constructing the nominative field of the PANDEMIC concept, methods of discursive and conceptual analysis were used, including recourse to the analysis of dictionary definitions and synonymic series, as well as an interpretive analysis of the context based on media texts. The material of the study was the media texts of the news resources selected from March 2020 to January 2022.Results and discussion. As a result of the study of the PANDEMIC concept, numerous cognitive features were identified. At the core of the PANDEMIC concept there are two cognitive features: harm to health and spread over vast areas. The composition of the near periphery of the PANDEMIC concept included the following cognitive features: encouraging and forcing to vaccinate; using of personal protective equipment; social isolation or quarantine; fighting against the virus. The far periphery of the PANDEMIC concept consists of the following cognitive features: fear and anxiety caused by the virus; the negative impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; the positive impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; change in normal routine.Conclusion. The semantic-cognitive analysis allows for the transition from the semantic component of language units to the content of the concept. The stylistic and phraseological units that make up the figurative component and the interpretive field of the concept provide an opportunity to expand the boundaries of the cognitive unit and construct the image of pandemic even more thoroughly.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86493967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-29-40
I. Yakovleva
Introduction. The purpose of the article is to identify its features and prospects in Russian education, which is possible through the study of educational goals, values, ideals in philosophical and axiological coverage and reflection of modern socio-cultural realities as a reflection of changes in the educational space.Methodology and sources. The main values and goals of education are analyzed using the axiology of education, based on the methodological framework of the traditional categories of “education as a value” and “values of education”. The problem of developing a new concept of "educational ideal" is discussed.Results and discussion. The sociocultural process of qualitative changes in the phenomenology of social and individual self-consciousness relates to a greater extent to value coordinates: massovization and individualization (personalization) of the educational space, due to the understanding of “education as a value” (general level) and “values of education” (individual level); free value-oriented institutionalization; and efficiency for all (understanding that the sufficiency or insufficiency of education is determined by the individual himself). The ideal matrix of social and individual value aspirations in getting an education focuses on the problem of ideas about the educational ideal as a philosophical and axiological reflection. The educational model of a person, determined by the structure and nature of the relationship between education and the state, industry, science, culture, family and other public recreations, is more focused on the principle of free institutionalization of the individual.Conclusion. A constructive reorientation of subjectivity in education from the state-educational paradigm to the free institutionalization of the individual in the educational space is real within the framework of the discussion and new interpretation of the categories “education as a value” and “the value of education”.
{"title":"Features and Prospects of Russian Education: Specifics of Socio-Philosophical Reflection","authors":"I. Yakovleva","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-29-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-29-40","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of the article is to identify its features and prospects in Russian education, which is possible through the study of educational goals, values, ideals in philosophical and axiological coverage and reflection of modern socio-cultural realities as a reflection of changes in the educational space.Methodology and sources. The main values and goals of education are analyzed using the axiology of education, based on the methodological framework of the traditional categories of “education as a value” and “values of education”. The problem of developing a new concept of \"educational ideal\" is discussed.Results and discussion. The sociocultural process of qualitative changes in the phenomenology of social and individual self-consciousness relates to a greater extent to value coordinates: massovization and individualization (personalization) of the educational space, due to the understanding of “education as a value” (general level) and “values of education” (individual level); free value-oriented institutionalization; and efficiency for all (understanding that the sufficiency or insufficiency of education is determined by the individual himself). The ideal matrix of social and individual value aspirations in getting an education focuses on the problem of ideas about the educational ideal as a philosophical and axiological reflection. The educational model of a person, determined by the structure and nature of the relationship between education and the state, industry, science, culture, family and other public recreations, is more focused on the principle of free institutionalization of the individual.Conclusion. A constructive reorientation of subjectivity in education from the state-educational paradigm to the free institutionalization of the individual in the educational space is real within the framework of the discussion and new interpretation of the categories “education as a value” and “the value of education”.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"146 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91552627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-41-55
R. E. Popov, I. A. Baruzdin, A. A. Salakhutdinov, P. Deryugin
Introduction. World-class scientific and educational centers (REC MU) are considered as special social organizations that form one of the promising social institutions in Russia. REC MU are becoming one of the real opportunities to achieve a synergistic effect in the formation of human capital. They are regarded as analogues of think tanks that are dynamically operating in the West and are gaining strength in the countries of the East. The purpose of the article lies in a sociological analysis of the activities of the REC MU and the identification of the prospects for their development as drivers for the formation of the human capital of Russians on the basis of turning to values and motivations, supporting creative and talented Russian youth.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the principles of analysis of social institutionalization, which allow studying the activities of the REC MU as an emerging new social institution with its own rules, norms, reflection and self-regulation. Another part of the methodological principles concerns the consideration of human capital as associated with the value-motivational attitudes of the individual. The empirical base was made up of data from the open press on the structure of activity and the problems of activity, the results of the author's empirical research and expert interviews with the leaders of the REC MU.Results and discussion. The first result is to fix and analyze the directions and orientations of the activities of the REC MU, which at the normative level form a common system of routes and strategies for their development. The data of this analysis were obtained as a result of the study of publications. The second result of the study fixes the vectors of the reversal of the activities of the REC MU in the direction of the formation of the human capital of Russians in the regions where the REC MU have been created. The data of this result were obtained as a result of summarizing the materials of the author's empirical study of one of the operating universities included in the REC MU. Another result of the study, obtained as a result of expert interviews with leaders and managers of 12 REC MU, shows the problematic field of the institutionalization of these centers.Conclusion. REC MU as a specific social institution are going through the stage of their formation. As for the activation of the human capital of the regions, this will require additional efforts and potentials, the development and implementation of modern methodologies and technologies for educational activities and information work, in particular, with student youth. The existing gap between value-motivational structures and their exclusion from the system of analysis of human capital is scientifically untenable, but in a practical sense it negatively affects real activity.
{"title":"World-Class Scientific and Educational Centers as Drivers of the Formation of the Human Capital of Russians: Sociological Analysis of the Problem Field (to the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg State University)","authors":"R. E. Popov, I. A. Baruzdin, A. A. Salakhutdinov, P. Deryugin","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-41-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-41-55","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. World-class scientific and educational centers (REC MU) are considered as special social organizations that form one of the promising social institutions in Russia. REC MU are becoming one of the real opportunities to achieve a synergistic effect in the formation of human capital. They are regarded as analogues of think tanks that are dynamically operating in the West and are gaining strength in the countries of the East. The purpose of the article lies in a sociological analysis of the activities of the REC MU and the identification of the prospects for their development as drivers for the formation of the human capital of Russians on the basis of turning to values and motivations, supporting creative and talented Russian youth.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the principles of analysis of social institutionalization, which allow studying the activities of the REC MU as an emerging new social institution with its own rules, norms, reflection and self-regulation. Another part of the methodological principles concerns the consideration of human capital as associated with the value-motivational attitudes of the individual. The empirical base was made up of data from the open press on the structure of activity and the problems of activity, the results of the author's empirical research and expert interviews with the leaders of the REC MU.Results and discussion. The first result is to fix and analyze the directions and orientations of the activities of the REC MU, which at the normative level form a common system of routes and strategies for their development. The data of this analysis were obtained as a result of the study of publications. The second result of the study fixes the vectors of the reversal of the activities of the REC MU in the direction of the formation of the human capital of Russians in the regions where the REC MU have been created. The data of this result were obtained as a result of summarizing the materials of the author's empirical study of one of the operating universities included in the REC MU. Another result of the study, obtained as a result of expert interviews with leaders and managers of 12 REC MU, shows the problematic field of the institutionalization of these centers.Conclusion. REC MU as a specific social institution are going through the stage of their formation. As for the activation of the human capital of the regions, this will require additional efforts and potentials, the development and implementation of modern methodologies and technologies for educational activities and information work, in particular, with student youth. The existing gap between value-motivational structures and their exclusion from the system of analysis of human capital is scientifically untenable, but in a practical sense it negatively affects real activity.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-5-17
P. A. Pavlukhina
Introduction. The article offers a comparative analysis of relativism and conceptualism in semantic of PPTs, which will allow us to investigate the properties of PPTs based on the experience of the subject.Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of the truth value of utterances is played by D. Kaplan's two-dimensional semantics and D. Lewis' version of the semantics of possible worlds. These theories are expanded and supplemented in the modern semantics of taste, which are considered in this article on the example of the works of E.G. Bylinina, M. Glanzberg, D. Ninan, H. Pearson, T. Stephenson.Results and discussion. Author comes to the conclusion that these theories stand on the same ontological and semantic attitudes associated with subjective perception, which help to relativism and contextualism describe the phenomenon of faultless disagreement. However, relativism and contextualism have not been able to explain this puzzle. The author tried to determine the role of this phenomenon in the semantics of taste, for which the role of first-hand experience in the utterances of taste is considered at the article. It is noted that the requirement of first-hand experience is necessary in modern semantic theories of PPTs, because it seems to be the only ontologically justified requirement.Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that requirement of first-hand experience is not a necessary for semantic analysis of PPTs. For that, considering the different reading of individual terms at the end of the article allows us to come to the conclusion that statements of taste express propositional attitude.
介绍。本文通过对相对主义和概念主义语义的比较分析，使我们能够在主体经验的基础上考察ppt的属性。方法和来源。卡普兰(D. Kaplan)的二维语义和刘易斯(D. Lewis)的可能世界语义在理解话语真值方面发挥了关键作用。这些理论在品味的现代语义学中得到扩展和补充，本文以E.G. Bylinina, M. Glanzberg, D. Ninan, H. Pearson, T. Stephenson的作品为例进行了讨论。结果和讨论。作者认为，这些理论都站在与主观感知相关的本体论和语义态度上，这有助于相对主义和语境主义对无差错不一致现象的描述。然而，相对主义和语境主义都未能解释这一难题。作者试图确定这种现象在味觉语义中的作用，为此，本文考虑了第一手经验在味觉话语中的作用。我们注意到，第一手经验的要求在现代ppt的语义理论中是必要的，因为它似乎是唯一在本体论上合理的要求。作者得出结论，第一手经验的要求是没有必要的语义分析的ppt。因此，考虑到文章末尾对个别术语的不同解读，我们可以得出这样的结论:品味陈述表达了命题态度。
{"title":"A Logical-Semantic Analysis of Predicates of Personal Taste in Assessments of Sensory Perception","authors":"P. A. Pavlukhina","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-3-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article offers a comparative analysis of relativism and conceptualism in semantic of PPTs, which will allow us to investigate the properties of PPTs based on the experience of the subject.Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of the truth value of utterances is played by D. Kaplan's two-dimensional semantics and D. Lewis' version of the semantics of possible worlds. These theories are expanded and supplemented in the modern semantics of taste, which are considered in this article on the example of the works of E.G. Bylinina, M. Glanzberg, D. Ninan, H. Pearson, T. Stephenson.Results and discussion. Author comes to the conclusion that these theories stand on the same ontological and semantic attitudes associated with subjective perception, which help to relativism and contextualism describe the phenomenon of faultless disagreement. However, relativism and contextualism have not been able to explain this puzzle. The author tried to determine the role of this phenomenon in the semantics of taste, for which the role of first-hand experience in the utterances of taste is considered at the article. It is noted that the requirement of first-hand experience is necessary in modern semantic theories of PPTs, because it seems to be the only ontologically justified requirement.Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that requirement of first-hand experience is not a necessary for semantic analysis of PPTs. For that, considering the different reading of individual terms at the end of the article allows us to come to the conclusion that statements of taste express propositional attitude.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91161783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-88-97
A. Kolianov
Introduction. The article analyzes the semiotic aspects of the representation of artificial intelligence in the socio-cultural space and their influence on the nature of social development. The spread and penetration of technologies into social and political processes using artificial intelligence (AI) is accompanied by active discussions in the socio-political environment. Artificial intelligence is considered as one of the most important resources of social and political development, so the desire of states, politicians and public organizations to determine the semantic framework of its public perception is understandable.Methodology and sources. The theoretical foundations of the work were the classic works on semiotics by Ch. S. Pierce, Ch. W. Morris, as well as theoretical works on modern political semiotics (I.V. Fomin, M.V. Ilyin and others). To work with the empirical base, analyzes of documents (reports and materials from UNESCO, the European Commission, the Royal Society of London, Stanford University), public opinion polls (VTsIOM), discourse analysis, semantic and content analysis of materials from Russian and foreign media were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, we found that the main contradiction that accompanies the understanding of artificial intelligence, its essence and purpose at all levels of socio-political discourse is the polarization of public ideas about AI as a control tool and (or) a development tool. The contextual fields were also outlined, within which further development of the semiosis of artificial intelligence is possible.Conclusion. To understand the nature of the representation of technologies using AI in socio-political discourse and to manage this process, an interdisciplinary approach and an appeal to the scientific potential of the social sciences and the humanities, in particular, semiotics, are appropriate, which makes it possible to study the semiosis of technology at the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic levels. It also seems promising to turn to a comparative analysis of cultural and historical traditions and national-state models of social management that specifically integrate AI into social processes.
{"title":"Semiosis of Artificial Intelligence and Social Development","authors":"A. Kolianov","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-88-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-88-97","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the semiotic aspects of the representation of artificial intelligence in the socio-cultural space and their influence on the nature of social development. The spread and penetration of technologies into social and political processes using artificial intelligence (AI) is accompanied by active discussions in the socio-political environment. Artificial intelligence is considered as one of the most important resources of social and political development, so the desire of states, politicians and public organizations to determine the semantic framework of its public perception is understandable.Methodology and sources. The theoretical foundations of the work were the classic works on semiotics by Ch. S. Pierce, Ch. W. Morris, as well as theoretical works on modern political semiotics (I.V. Fomin, M.V. Ilyin and others). To work with the empirical base, analyzes of documents (reports and materials from UNESCO, the European Commission, the Royal Society of London, Stanford University), public opinion polls (VTsIOM), discourse analysis, semantic and content analysis of materials from Russian and foreign media were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, we found that the main contradiction that accompanies the understanding of artificial intelligence, its essence and purpose at all levels of socio-political discourse is the polarization of public ideas about AI as a control tool and (or) a development tool. The contextual fields were also outlined, within which further development of the semiosis of artificial intelligence is possible.Conclusion. To understand the nature of the representation of technologies using AI in socio-political discourse and to manage this process, an interdisciplinary approach and an appeal to the scientific potential of the social sciences and the humanities, in particular, semiotics, are appropriate, which makes it possible to study the semiosis of technology at the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic levels. It also seems promising to turn to a comparative analysis of cultural and historical traditions and national-state models of social management that specifically integrate AI into social processes.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-78-87
E. E. Marchenko, V. G. Oreshkin, O. Plebanek
Introduction. The article analyzes the basic concepts of ethno-cultural discourse, and raises the problem of the uncertainty of the conceptual apparatus, on the basis of which the theory of intercultural interactions is built, which makes it difficult to introduce the results of research into practice. The authors propose to clarify the categories that are relevant specifically for Russia at the present time, in the context of the formation of the foundations of the state's cultural policy and the adoption of relevant legislative acts. The subject of the research is the system of categories underlying the theories of modernization and theories of cultural interactions.Methodology and sources. The analysis of the categorical apparatus of modern ethno-cultural policy is based on methodological principles that have developed in science in the process of a cultural-centric turn, which was laid down by the works of T. Parsons and P. Sorokin.Results and discussion. The paradigmatic nature and indefinite use of such categories as “traditional values” and “traditional cultures” creates conditions for speculation and does not allow building a balanced cultural policy. And the unreasonable desire to the conservation of archaic cultural patterns leads to serious contradictions in the goals and results of the implementation of cultural policy. It is concluded that in order to make effective political decisions, it is necessary to take into account the difference in the use of concepts in the social sciences and the humanities and in the political sphere. It is necessary to separate the so-called “traditional values” and archaic societies, understanding by the former the values traditional for a particular cultural system, regardless of the concept of progress. And under the second – archaic cultures (and societies, carriers of these cultures), one should understand cultures that were formed on the basis of primitive technology to ensure the viability of the population.Conclusion. In such a paradigm of cultural observation of observations of archaic cultures, one should build not only from the study of the intrinsic value of culture, but also from the disclosure of equal accessibility of humanitarian benefits (health protection, choice of occupation, accessibility of cultural achievements and education, etc.).
{"title":"Who Needs Traditional Values? The Problem of Integrating Traditional Cultures into Modern Society","authors":"E. E. Marchenko, V. G. Oreshkin, O. Plebanek","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-78-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-78-87","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the basic concepts of ethno-cultural discourse, and raises the problem of the uncertainty of the conceptual apparatus, on the basis of which the theory of intercultural interactions is built, which makes it difficult to introduce the results of research into practice. The authors propose to clarify the categories that are relevant specifically for Russia at the present time, in the context of the formation of the foundations of the state's cultural policy and the adoption of relevant legislative acts. The subject of the research is the system of categories underlying the theories of modernization and theories of cultural interactions.Methodology and sources. The analysis of the categorical apparatus of modern ethno-cultural policy is based on methodological principles that have developed in science in the process of a cultural-centric turn, which was laid down by the works of T. Parsons and P. Sorokin.Results and discussion. The paradigmatic nature and indefinite use of such categories as “traditional values” and “traditional cultures” creates conditions for speculation and does not allow building a balanced cultural policy. And the unreasonable desire to the conservation of archaic cultural patterns leads to serious contradictions in the goals and results of the implementation of cultural policy. It is concluded that in order to make effective political decisions, it is necessary to take into account the difference in the use of concepts in the social sciences and the humanities and in the political sphere. It is necessary to separate the so-called “traditional values” and archaic societies, understanding by the former the values traditional for a particular cultural system, regardless of the concept of progress. And under the second – archaic cultures (and societies, carriers of these cultures), one should understand cultures that were formed on the basis of primitive technology to ensure the viability of the population.Conclusion. In such a paradigm of cultural observation of observations of archaic cultures, one should build not only from the study of the intrinsic value of culture, but also from the disclosure of equal accessibility of humanitarian benefits (health protection, choice of occupation, accessibility of cultural achievements and education, etc.).","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83392509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-158-173
L. Kochetova, Ya. Yu. Demkina
Introduction. This paper presents an analysis of the language indicators of communicative behavior of US presidential candidates during election debates. The scientific novelty consists of determining the specifics of the characteristics of the communicative behavior of the discursive personality, which form the basis of the corresponding social type, which can be identified using the methods of linguistic analysis. The study of the discursive personality is reduced to a description of the types of its performative actions; identification of types of communicative tonality that characterize the manner of behavior of a discursive personality and make it recognizable; identification of axiological characteristics of the studied discursive personality. The relevance of the work lies in the study of the problematic aspects of the discursive personality, explaining the specifics of the models of communicative behavior in situations of political communication.Methodology and sources. This study used the methods of corpus linguistics and the interpretative method of discourse analysis. The texts of the genre of election debates, which took place from 2000 to 2020, became the empirical basis of this study. The volume of the corpus of these texts amounted to more than 1.5 million words. A corpus method of keywords, which allows to identify unique tokens of pre-election speeches of each of the presidential candidates; a qualitative analysis method that explains typical communicative actions that representatives of the two ruling parties of the United States, were used to establish the characteristics of the communicative behavior of US presidential candidates.Results and discussion. The results of a comparative study of the discursive personality of the US presidential candidate representatives of the Republican and Democratic parties are presented. The study of keywords showed typical tactics of communicative behavior of candidates for US presidential candidates of the Democratic and Republican parties. It is established that presidential candidates from both parties use prosecution tactics in election debates, Republicans are more likely to resort to direct accusation tactics accusations of violating pragmatic, instrumental values, Democrats prefer indirect accusation tactics, which are based on accusations of violation of moral norms and values by political opponents.Conclusion. The discursive personality of the US presidential candidate reflects the variable socio-ideological component of political discourse, which is manifested in a specific set of speech strategies and tactics and language structures that implement them.
{"title":"Key Words as Markers of the Communicative Behavior of the Discursive Personality of the Nominee to the USA Presidency (Based on the Genre of Pre-Election Debates)","authors":"L. Kochetova, Ya. Yu. Demkina","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-158-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-158-173","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper presents an analysis of the language indicators of communicative behavior of US presidential candidates during election debates. The scientific novelty consists of determining the specifics of the characteristics of the communicative behavior of the discursive personality, which form the basis of the corresponding social type, which can be identified using the methods of linguistic analysis. The study of the discursive personality is reduced to a description of the types of its performative actions; identification of types of communicative tonality that characterize the manner of behavior of a discursive personality and make it recognizable; identification of axiological characteristics of the studied discursive personality. The relevance of the work lies in the study of the problematic aspects of the discursive personality, explaining the specifics of the models of communicative behavior in situations of political communication.Methodology and sources. This study used the methods of corpus linguistics and the interpretative method of discourse analysis. The texts of the genre of election debates, which took place from 2000 to 2020, became the empirical basis of this study. The volume of the corpus of these texts amounted to more than 1.5 million words. A corpus method of keywords, which allows to identify unique tokens of pre-election speeches of each of the presidential candidates; a qualitative analysis method that explains typical communicative actions that representatives of the two ruling parties of the United States, were used to establish the characteristics of the communicative behavior of US presidential candidates.Results and discussion. The results of a comparative study of the discursive personality of the US presidential candidate representatives of the Republican and Democratic parties are presented. The study of keywords showed typical tactics of communicative behavior of candidates for US presidential candidates of the Democratic and Republican parties. It is established that presidential candidates from both parties use prosecution tactics in election debates, Republicans are more likely to resort to direct accusation tactics accusations of violating pragmatic, instrumental values, Democrats prefer indirect accusation tactics, which are based on accusations of violation of moral norms and values by political opponents.Conclusion. The discursive personality of the US presidential candidate reflects the variable socio-ideological component of political discourse, which is manifested in a specific set of speech strategies and tactics and language structures that implement them.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82416118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-113-123
I. V. Arkhipova, G. A. Rozhkov, S. V. Pristupa, E. O. Sergopoltseva, A. P. Tumanova
Introduction. The authors of the research aimed to determine the level of students' interest in foreign languages, leading motives, as well as the presence of difficulties arising under the study of a foreign language. The importance of motivation in the process of learning foreign languages in a non-linguistic university is emphasized.Methodology and sources. The authors of the research describe the questionnaire survey and analysis of the results obtained in its course. This research involved 267 students of 1–2 courses of the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University.Results and discussion. The modern pharmaceutical industry is actively developing, which implies the exchange of technology and knowledge between representatives of different countries. Most pharmaceutical companies have subsidiaries all over the world. A demanded employee needs to have the skill of effective intercultural dialogue in this professional field. In recent decades, the role of foreign languages has increased all over the world, and the necessity to know them is generally recognized.Conclusion. The paper has shown the level of the development of motivation for learning a foreign language by students in order to further increase the level of development of their motivation in the learning foreign languages. The conclusion was made that student motivation stands out as one of the main factors in achieving success in both educational and professional activities and, therefore, should be a priority for all teachers.
{"title":"Students' Motivation under the Study of Foreign Languages in a Pharmaceutical University","authors":"I. V. Arkhipova, G. A. Rozhkov, S. V. Pristupa, E. O. Sergopoltseva, A. P. Tumanova","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-113-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-113-123","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The authors of the research aimed to determine the level of students' interest in foreign languages, leading motives, as well as the presence of difficulties arising under the study of a foreign language. The importance of motivation in the process of learning foreign languages in a non-linguistic university is emphasized.Methodology and sources. The authors of the research describe the questionnaire survey and analysis of the results obtained in its course. This research involved 267 students of 1–2 courses of the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University.Results and discussion. The modern pharmaceutical industry is actively developing, which implies the exchange of technology and knowledge between representatives of different countries. Most pharmaceutical companies have subsidiaries all over the world. A demanded employee needs to have the skill of effective intercultural dialogue in this professional field. In recent decades, the role of foreign languages has increased all over the world, and the necessity to know them is generally recognized.Conclusion. The paper has shown the level of the development of motivation for learning a foreign language by students in order to further increase the level of development of their motivation in the learning foreign languages. The conclusion was made that student motivation stands out as one of the main factors in achieving success in both educational and professional activities and, therefore, should be a priority for all teachers.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83792854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-124-157
G. Telezhko
Introduction. This article is an attempt to extract information about the interactions of dialects of the Indo-European dialect continuum with each other using a comparative analysis of the basic vocabularies of some Indo-European (IE) descendant languages.The search for external borrowings and influence of a common substrate would help to clarify the ethno-linguistic surrounding of the area where the IE proto-dialects developed.In turn, these data are actual being pro and contra arguments of the well-known hypotheses about the IE ancestral home.Methodology and sources. The number of mutually understandable basic lexemes taken in relation to the number of lexemes in the compared lists was chosen as a measure of the interaction of IE dialects, indicators of their commonality.207-word Swadesh lists of 12 languages in their possibly more ancient states were analysed.For geographical binding of the IE language areal we have selected cross-borrowings from/to neighboring / substrate non-IE languages, the ancient settlement areas of native speakers of which are considered well-known.Results and discussion. The results of the comparison of the basic vocabularies of 12 IE languages have been interpreted in the form of a graph demonstrating the relative location of areas of the corresponding IE dialects. Lexemes meaning 'predator (bear, lion, etc.)', 'cattle (bull, ox)' determined the ethno-linguistic surrounding of the IE areal.Conclusion. The relevant linguistic data permitted to identify in the IE dialect continuum the core of proto-dialects: Baltic, Slavic, Aryan and Italic – and partially superimposed dialect subcontinua:– Balto-Greco-Aryo-Tocharo-Anatolian subcontinuum in the northern part of the IE areal;– Tocharo-Celto-Germanic subcontinuum in the eastern part;– Germano-Celto-Italo-Greco-Armeno-Baltic subcontinuum in the southern part;– Balto-Slavo-Italo-Aryan subcontinuum in the western part.The representation of the Proto-IE areal as a dialect continuum solves a number of difficulties inherent in the most common model of a single IE proto-language.
{"title":"Research on the Structure of Indo-European Dialect Continuum by Comparing Swadesh Lists of the Closest Descendant Languages","authors":"G. Telezhko","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-124-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-124-157","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article is an attempt to extract information about the interactions of dialects of the Indo-European dialect continuum with each other using a comparative analysis of the basic vocabularies of some Indo-European (IE) descendant languages.The search for external borrowings and influence of a common substrate would help to clarify the ethno-linguistic surrounding of the area where the IE proto-dialects developed.In turn, these data are actual being pro and contra arguments of the well-known hypotheses about the IE ancestral home.Methodology and sources. The number of mutually understandable basic lexemes taken in relation to the number of lexemes in the compared lists was chosen as a measure of the interaction of IE dialects, indicators of their commonality.207-word Swadesh lists of 12 languages in their possibly more ancient states were analysed.For geographical binding of the IE language areal we have selected cross-borrowings from/to neighboring / substrate non-IE languages, the ancient settlement areas of native speakers of which are considered well-known.Results and discussion. The results of the comparison of the basic vocabularies of 12 IE languages have been interpreted in the form of a graph demonstrating the relative location of areas of the corresponding IE dialects. Lexemes meaning 'predator (bear, lion, etc.)', 'cattle (bull, ox)' determined the ethno-linguistic surrounding of the IE areal.Conclusion. The relevant linguistic data permitted to identify in the IE dialect continuum the core of proto-dialects: Baltic, Slavic, Aryan and Italic – and partially superimposed dialect subcontinua:– Balto-Greco-Aryo-Tocharo-Anatolian subcontinuum in the northern part of the IE areal;– Tocharo-Celto-Germanic subcontinuum in the eastern part;– Germano-Celto-Italo-Greco-Armeno-Baltic subcontinuum in the southern part;– Balto-Slavo-Italo-Aryan subcontinuum in the western part.The representation of the Proto-IE areal as a dialect continuum solves a number of difficulties inherent in the most common model of a single IE proto-language.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81713080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-66-77
E. Kovtun
Introduction. The article provides an overview of the constructionist approach in sociology in the concerning the phenomenon of corruption as a social problem. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to examine the possibilities of sociology in the study of anti-corruption discourse and the construction of corruption in the public consciousness.Methodology and sources. The issue has grown in importance considering the need to study the perception of corruption in society and the processes of its construction. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis of primary sources (works by M. Spektor, J. Kitsuse, J. Best) and research publications, including the retrospective analysis of the theoretical prerequisites for the development of a constructionist approach in the sociology of social problems. This paper gives a detailed overview of the concept of social problems, which is important for the development of theoretical and empirical studies of various social problems from constructionist positions.Results and discussion. The paper presents the features of two directions within the framework of social constructivism: strict and contextual. The author identifies two main areas of corruption research in a constructionist discourse: the analysis of the construction of corruption as a social phenomenon and the analysis of the construction of deviance, which correspond to the phenomenological (strict) and contextual directions. This study defines the main theoretical aspects of the constructivist approach, its ideological prerequisites and traces the development of the main theoretical directions of constructivism within the interactionist approach in sociology. As a result of the analysis, the author highlights the limitations of the constructionist approach, which are significant for choosing a concept and conducting research and pays attention to the possibilities of developing an integrative approach.Conclusion. Social constructivism has heuristic potential in exploring the discourse of corruption as a social problem and the construction of its deviance, which is a promising area of research on the perception of corruption in modern Russian society.
{"title":"Corruption as a Social Problem: a Constructionist Approach","authors":"E. Kovtun","doi":"10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-66-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-66-77","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article provides an overview of the constructionist approach in sociology in the concerning the phenomenon of corruption as a social problem. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to examine the possibilities of sociology in the study of anti-corruption discourse and the construction of corruption in the public consciousness.Methodology and sources. The issue has grown in importance considering the need to study the perception of corruption in society and the processes of its construction. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis of primary sources (works by M. Spektor, J. Kitsuse, J. Best) and research publications, including the retrospective analysis of the theoretical prerequisites for the development of a constructionist approach in the sociology of social problems. This paper gives a detailed overview of the concept of social problems, which is important for the development of theoretical and empirical studies of various social problems from constructionist positions.Results and discussion. The paper presents the features of two directions within the framework of social constructivism: strict and contextual. The author identifies two main areas of corruption research in a constructionist discourse: the analysis of the construction of corruption as a social phenomenon and the analysis of the construction of deviance, which correspond to the phenomenological (strict) and contextual directions. This study defines the main theoretical aspects of the constructivist approach, its ideological prerequisites and traces the development of the main theoretical directions of constructivism within the interactionist approach in sociology. As a result of the analysis, the author highlights the limitations of the constructionist approach, which are significant for choosing a concept and conducting research and pays attention to the possibilities of developing an integrative approach.Conclusion. Social constructivism has heuristic potential in exploring the discourse of corruption as a social problem and the construction of its deviance, which is a promising area of research on the perception of corruption in modern Russian society.","PeriodicalId":75784,"journal":{"name":"Dental Discourse","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82092057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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