{"title":"Special problems of toxicology in the environmental field.","authors":"F Bär","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"253-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degradation of carbamate insectides in soil.","authors":"D L Heywood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"128-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11999076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glutathione conjugation of foreign compounds is the first step in the mercapturic acid pathway for the detoxication and elimination of toxic compounds in mammals. Plants have been found to metabolize and detoxify some organic herbicides by glutathione conjugation, but the terminal products seem to be different from that in mammals. The terminal product in plants appears to be insoluble residue and not the mercapturic acid derivative which is normally excreted in mammals. The insoluble residue very likely remains in the plant body during the life of the plant. The differences in metabolism between plants and animals may have been necessitated by the lack of an excretory system in plants.
{"title":"Herbicide metabolism by glutathione conjugation in plants.","authors":"R H Shimabukuro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutathione conjugation of foreign compounds is the first step in the mercapturic acid pathway for the detoxication and elimination of toxic compounds in mammals. Plants have been found to metabolize and detoxify some organic herbicides by glutathione conjugation, but the terminal products seem to be different from that in mammals. The terminal product in plants appears to be insoluble residue and not the mercapturic acid derivative which is normally excreted in mammals. The insoluble residue very likely remains in the plant body during the life of the plant. The differences in metabolism between plants and animals may have been necessitated by the lack of an excretory system in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"140-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some mansions of toxicology.","authors":"J H Wills","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"239-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Japan, organochlorine compounds, especially BHC, were used in large quantities. Consequently, their accumulation in the human body or in live-stock through feed crops, and the contamination of mother's and cow's milk caused serious public concern. This prompted not only initial stricter regulation of their use but the eventual prohibition of BHC and DDT use in 1971. Fortunately, the contamination of mother's and cow's milk is decreasing by these steps. The Japanese daily BHC intake was 0.57, 0.63 and 1.34 mg./kg. body weight on the average, which is higher than both in England and the United States. But the daily intake of DDT and other organochlorine compounds is the same as or less than in these countries. Two researches in 1971 to 1972 indicate that beta-BHC contained in mother's milk was 0.096 and 0.115 mg./kg. on the average.
{"title":"Recent status of organochlorine pesticide residues in foods in Japan.","authors":"K Kojima, T Araki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, organochlorine compounds, especially BHC, were used in large quantities. Consequently, their accumulation in the human body or in live-stock through feed crops, and the contamination of mother's and cow's milk caused serious public concern. This prompted not only initial stricter regulation of their use but the eventual prohibition of BHC and DDT use in 1971. Fortunately, the contamination of mother's and cow's milk is decreasing by these steps. The Japanese daily BHC intake was 0.57, 0.63 and 1.34 mg./kg. body weight on the average, which is higher than both in England and the United States. But the daily intake of DDT and other organochlorine compounds is the same as or less than in these countries. Two researches in 1971 to 1972 indicate that beta-BHC contained in mother's milk was 0.096 and 0.115 mg./kg. on the average.</p>","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"74-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11275076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical aspects of organophosphate pesticides in view of the environment.","authors":"K J Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial degradation of pesticides with particular reference to the formation of terminal residues.","authors":"F Matsumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"160-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant nutrition and politics as seen by a food technologist.","authors":"E M Mrak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metabolites produced from gamma- and beta-BHC in the mouse urine were purified and characterized. Most metabolites from both isomers were not extractable by non-polar organic solvents and were conjugates such as sulfates and glucuronides. After hydrolysis with an appropriate enzyme, the conjugates gave chlorophenols, among which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol existed most abundantly (total, about 25% in the urine metabolites). 2,4-Dichlorophenol also constituted a significant portion.
{"title":"Urinary metabolites from gamma- and beta-BHC in the mouse: chlorophenol conjugates.","authors":"N Kurihara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolites produced from gamma- and beta-BHC in the mouse urine were purified and characterized. Most metabolites from both isomers were not extractable by non-polar organic solvents and were conjugates such as sulfates and glucuronides. After hydrolysis with an appropriate enzyme, the conjugates gave chlorophenols, among which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol existed most abundantly (total, about 25% in the urine metabolites). 2,4-Dichlorophenol also constituted a significant portion.</p>","PeriodicalId":75827,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety","volume":"4 ","pages":"56-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11275075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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