It is not rare that the so-called immune complex diseases (some of which were recently supposed to be induced by the biological effects of circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes) are concomitantly present in pregnant females. But there have been very few reports of congenital immune complex diseases.
In order to gain an insight into the mechanisms of clonal growth of early-passage Syrian golden hamster fetal lung (SGHFL) cells, a study was undertaken, in which the effects of various serum concentrations on the cloning efficiency and on the colony size of these cells were examined. The results suggest that both cloning efficiency and colony size are influenced by at least two factors present in the serum.
Chronic treatment of rats with adrenalin by means of a subcutaneous depot capsule (cont. 40 mg dry adrenalin/HCl, Merck, ca. 10 mg ascorbic acid and ca. 0.4 ml 0.9 % NaCl, and sealed with a dialysis membrane to provide constant adrenalin output) leads after a primary hyperglycaemic phase to hypoglycaemia. At the onset of hypoglycaemia the adrenalin contents of the suprarenal glands decrease to levels of about one third of their normal state. Simultaneous glucose infusions by intraperitoneal depot capsules prevent hypoglycaemia as well as adrenalin depletion.
The fact that adrenalin depletion does not always correspond with blood sugar levels below 80 mg/dl and that this depletion could be prevented by glucose infusions altogether seems to provide a strong hint that the mentioned depletion is due to hypersecretion and not to the blocking of adrenalin synthesis.
If is true, then there must be no direct negative feed-back system between adrenalin secretion and its extraglandular level.
Two in vitro-methods for demonstration of cell-mediated immune response are compared: Protein and DNA synthesis for detection of in vitro influenza virus antigen- and mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation. Guinea pig spleen lymphocytes sensitized with influenza virus antigen were tested in a microadaptation of the lymphocyte transformation test using 14C- or 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidme. As a positive control for T-cell stimulation PHA-induced lymphocyte stimulation was measured.
The following results were obtained:
Kinetics of the incorporation of 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine in lymphocytes incubated with optimal and suboptimal PHA-doses respectively are quantitatively similar but different in time.
The results of the protein- and DNA-synthesis stimulation assays were correlated against influenza virus antigens, this could not be described by the comparison of cellular and single humoral parameters.
The administration of influenza virus antigens in CFA induced a more intensive cell-mediated reaction than injections of antigens in aqueous suspensions, but the results of both methods of CMI were correlated.
The optimal CMI under the exeprimental conditions described is induced by an administration of 30 to 50 μg virus protein per animal and by a combined intramuscular — intraperitoneal immunization procedure.
The measurement of the early stimulation of protein synthesis in the PSS-test is substantially more rapid than for the classical LTT.
The increase in drug concentration in aqueous solutions is not responded to by a comparable enlargement of volume of necrosis after intramuscular injection. After application of TURIMYCIN the lesion is more voluminous than those caused by penicillin, lower than those following OTESOLUT and nearly equal to those caused by 5% WOFAPYRIN (phenylbutazone + aminophenazone 1:1).
The morphological manifestation of the intestinal infections of Salmonella typhimurium by the intestine rolled method in both conventional DK1 and germfree mice have been investigated in our laboratory. In the conventional mice, the morphological manifestation of intestinal infection shows no difference from the general features of infection, while in the germfree mice, the manifestation is characterized by the so-called non-reactive necrotizing enteritis without cellular reaction. When infection in the germfree mice occurs, some state of immunological insufficiency should be taken into consideration. In infections of germfree mice it is difficult to consider the immunological or the allergic reaction which is expected in the conventional mice.
In addition, the direct influences of bacteria such as endotoxin must be taken into consideration as another possibility, but the very limited localized lesions, as seen in this experiment cannot always be suggested to be due to the direct influence of bacteria or intoxication. Though there are many problems to be solved in the future, we are now able to state a kind of mechanism similar to that of Shwartzman's phenomenon cannot be ignored in the infection in newborns or in immunologically immature animals.
Behavior, pancreatic islets morphology and plasma glucose levels of male mice exposed for 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours to crowding stress were investigated. The crowding induced an intense turmoil state associated with enhanced irritability and aggressiveness among the specimens of all experimental groups. Violent fights occurred especially in the first 4–6 hours, generally with the death of 1–2 individuals from each group.
The changes recorded in the pancreatic islets affected first (2 hours) exclusively the insulin-producing cells, and in subsequent intervals they progressively expanded over all cell types. The changes occurred during the experiment in all islet cell types; however the B-cells showed by far the most pronounced alterations irrespective of the studied time interval. Most changes suggested the stimulation of the entire gland secretory activity, but particularly of B-cells, which was also proved by low glycemia values recorded at 3 of the 4 crowding time intervals. On the other hand, some alterations, occurring first at 24 hours, were regarded as signs of a moderate B-cells secretory hypoactivity; they may partly support the slight hyperglycemia obtained at this time interval.
The significance of the above short-term observations in the induction of glycoregulation disturbances, diabetes included, as well as the presumably mediation role of adrenal-cortex and -medulla hormones under stress conditions are discussed and correlated with findings reported in literature.
Antisera against polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the rat and against an extract ot these cells heated at 100°C for 1 hr were produced in rabbits. By use of indirect fluorescent antibody technique both immune sera stained neutrophils of the rat. In double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis the antisera reacted with the heated extract of granulocytes. The antisera exhibited a cross-reactivity with granulocytes of other species. The results indicate that the neutrophils of the rat contain a thermostable antigen. Using immunodiffusion the antigen is demonstrable in sera of rats with inflammatory diseases.
This paper describes a new software system for automatic image processing in pathology. The system is based on the hardware NU2/ODD/PDP8 and the thereby yielded results. The effectiveness of the system esp. its velocity has been essentially improved by a significant modification of the primary data sampling and by the new implementation of feature determination. The first application of this new system concerns age-dependent alterations of the gangliocytes in the nucleus olivaris.
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