International journal of zoonoses最新文献

This manuscript presents an overview of occupational zoonotic diseases of agricultural workers (agricultural zoonoses). The primary intended use of this manuscript is to provide an educational frame work for public health officials in countries where there is a concern to establish or modify agricultural zoonoses control programs. The material is presented in two parts: 1) general concepts, (including definitions, classifications and ecological concepts), and 2) a description of selected agricultural zoonotic diseases. The general concepts and definitions, presented here in narrative form, are common to all agricultural zoonoses, regardless of geographical location. The specific facts for the individual diseases are presented in a tabular format. The tables present the essential features of 40 of the most important agricultural zoonoses, from a worldwide perspective. An extensive reference list is included so the reader may supplement this manuscript with additional readings.

Sera were collected from 3753 cows in Benhazi cow project (Libya). The rose bengal, complement fixation and serum agglutination serological tests were employed to test these sera for evidence of brucellosis. The overall reactivity was detected in all (0.3%) cows. The prevalence of the highest reactors (1.0%) was in Abo Atney Dairy Station. In other dairy stations investigated the incidence of brucellosis ranged from zero to 0.3%.

In a small town and its adjacent villages of the Hessian Neckar Valley, Federal Republic of Germany, 155 of the officially registered domestic dogs were examined for intestinal helminths. Twenty percent of the animals proved to be infected. The highest prevalence of 5.8% could be attributed to infections with Toxocara canis. These values are well below the average rates for dogs in the larger German cities.

Dual-tuberculin tests were performed on cows of five dairy stations in the cow project of Benghazi (Libya). 3413 cows were tested and 142 (4.26%) were found to show specific tuberculin sensitivity. Most of the reactors (7.9%) were in Abo Garar dairy station. Following the standard interpretation of tuberculin tests, 88 cow (2.6%) were retained, 51 cows (1.5%) were retested and 3 cows only (0.09%) were destroyed from all cows investigated.

An investigation into gastrointestinal helminthiasis in human and dog population of the Kainji Lake area revealed a high prevalence of helminthiasis which may be due to lack of adequate health and veterinary facilities; crowdiness and squalid environment. The prevalent parasites in humans were Ancylostoma sp, 40.33%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 44.07% and Strongyloides stercoralis 4.05%, while in dogs Ancylostoma sp, 36.95%, Dipylidium caninum, 28.26%, Echinococcus granulosus, 8.69% and S. stercoralis 5.43%. The risk of incidental occurrence of helminths of dog, D. caninum, Toxocara canis, E. granulosus are highlighted and the need to educate the community on hygiene matters in the absence of adequate health facilities are recommended.

An investigation was carried out to establish the occurrence of Salmonellae in household wall lizards (Gecko gecko and Hemidactylus sp.) in Nsukka, Nigeria. Twentyseven out of 90 geckos examined yielded positive Salmonella isolations, giving a carrier-rate of 30 per cent. While 2 isolates were non-typable, the other 25 strains belonged to 6 serotypes: Salmonella weltevreden (8 strains), Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella hvittingfos, Salmonella saintpaul, and Salmonella agama. Two serotypes, Salmonella weltevreden and Salmonella hvittingfoss are reported for the first time in Nigeria. The role of Geckonidae in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and the public health implications of geckoborn Salmonellae are highlighted.

The serological response of heifers to injection with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine and simultaneous administration of levamisole hydrochloride were compared with those of heifers inoculated with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine alone. The Rose Bengal, serum agglutination, complement fixation and Coombs' antibovine globulin tests were used to measure the humoral responses for a period of sixteen weeks after vaccination. The results indicated that antibody titres in the heifers injected with levamisole and the vaccine were moderately elevated. It was suggested that the heightened antibody titres were possibly mediated through helper T-cells and macrophages. The significance of using levamisole as an adjuvant with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine in cattle is briefly discussed.

A survey on the prevalence and intensity of larval anisakid infection in some species of marine fishes sold in the markets at Tan-shui in northern Taiwan was carried out from May to August 1980. The general infection rate was 37.7% with an average of 14.2 larvae per fish. A total of 13 species of examined fishes were found with Anisakis larvae, these were Argyrosomus argentatus, Caranx djeddaba, Diploprion bifasciatum, Evynnis cardinalis, Lethrinus haematopterus, Megalops cyprinoides, Nemipterus virgatus, Paraplagusia formosana, Plectorhinchus pictus, Rastrelliger chrysozonus, Saurida tumbil, Scolopsis vosmeri, and Trichiurus haumela. The highest intensity of Anisakis larvae was obtained in E. cardinalis with an average of 80.3 larvae per fish; the next was in N. virgatus (76.2 larvae/fish). The parasite could not be found in the other 20 species of fishes examined.

The results of investigational study to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria with particular emphasis on the effects of sex and age of the animals on the occurrence of these endoparasites are presented. Of a total of 254 dogs sampled using saturated brime solution floatation method and formalin-ether sedimentation method, 223 (86.97%) were infected. A breakdown of the number of parasitized dogs shows that 180 (70.86%) were positive for Ancylostoma caninum, 68 (26.77%) for Toxocara canis, 38 (14.96%) for Strongyloides stercoralis, 21 (8.26%) for Toxascaris leonina, five (1.96%) for Dipylidium caninum, two (.78%) for Echinococcus granulosus, two (.78%) for Taenia hydatigena, one (.39%) for Taenia ovis, one (.39%) for Trichuris vulpis and 48 (18.89%) for coccidia oocyst. Out of a total of 140 male and 114 female dogs sampled for gastro-intestinal helminth ova, 122 males (87.14%) and 101 females (88.59%) respectively were infested. Juvenile dogs from three weeks to one month of age were more commonly infested than adult dogs (24 months).

A survey of the dog and cat population at New Bussa revealed a significant high frequency of potential helminths of public health importance. This include hookworm Ancylostoma spp.; Echinococcus granulosa, Dipylidium caninum in dog; and Opisthorchis felineus, Toxocara cati and Capillaria hepatica in cat. The rural conditions of the area is an important factor in understanding the role cat and dog may play in spread of uncommon human parasites.