Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.12
Daniel Sokido, A. Woldemariam
The purpose of the research is to examine the conformance and performance of land use plan of Yirba town. To get accurate and adequate information on the level of achievement of urban plan, primary and secondary data sources were used with respect to land use categories. Primary data sources such as land inventory and key informants interview were exhaustively employed. Land inventory was undertaken to have firsthand information on the existing situation of general as well as detail land use of the town. Key informants interview were conducted to gather data from experts Yirba municipality, and Sidama Region Urban planning Institute. Secondary data sources such as document reviews of basic plan and strategic Plan of Yirba town, urban development policy and other legal documents were used for investigation purpose. GIS, Microsoft office word, and excel were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the analysis were presented in the form of maps, graph, chart, and tables. Descriptive and explanatory analysis research designs were employed. The results of analysis elucidates that conformance evaluation has vital contribution to avoid wastage of urban land and the best use of available space. The performance evaluation results make clear the overall achievement of urban plan for the stated town is low. Even though it is overlooked, the conformance evaluation that is conducted prior to the approval of the proposed plan and during implementation is crucial for preventing the wastage of urban land and significantly helps for proper implementation. A full-fledged performance evaluation is recommended before the commencement of new urban plan for the town. Conducting such performance evaluation helps identify the level of success or failure, and the gaps of the prior plan. Since action plans and phasing plans are tools for implementation, they must be developed in tandem with land use plans for the proper execution of urban plans. Urban planning is regarded to be a collaborative field. It necessitates cooperation of numerous teams or experts during the planning and execution stages.
本研究的目的是考察伊尔巴镇土地利用规划的一致性和绩效。为了准确、充分地了解城市规划的执行情况，我们使用了与土地利用类别相关的一级和二级数据源。主要数据来源包括土地清查和关键信息提供者访谈。进行土地清查是为了掌握该镇现有土地利用总体情况和详细情况的第一手资料。对关键信息提供者进行了访谈，以便从伊尔巴市政府和西达马地区城市规划研究所的专家那里收集数据。调查还使用了二手资料来源，如伊尔巴镇基本规划和战略规划的文件审查、城市发展政策和其他法律文件。使用 GIS、Microsoft Office word 和 excel 对定量和定性数据进行分析。分析结果以地图、图表和表格的形式呈现。采用了描述性和解释性分析研究设计。分析结果表明，一致性评价在避免城市土地浪费和充分利用可用空间方面做出了重要贡献。绩效评价结果表明，所述城镇的城市规划总体成就较低。尽管被忽视了，但在拟议规划批准前和实施过程中进行的一致性评价对于防止城市土地的浪费至关重要，并大大有助于规划的正确实施。建议在开始实施新的城镇规划之前进行全面的绩效评估。进行这种绩效评估有助于确定先前规划的成败程度和差距。由于行动计划和分阶段计划是实施的工具，因此它们必须与土地利用计划一起制定，以便正确执行城市规划。城市规划被认为是一个协作领域。在规划和执行阶段，它需要众多团队或专家的合作。
{"title":"Conformance and Performance Evaluation of Land Use Plan of Yirba Town","authors":"Daniel Sokido, A. Woldemariam","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to examine the conformance and performance of land use plan of Yirba town. To get accurate and adequate information on the level of achievement of urban plan, primary and secondary data sources were used with respect to land use categories. Primary data sources such as land inventory and key informants interview were exhaustively employed. Land inventory was undertaken to have firsthand information on the existing situation of general as well as detail land use of the town. Key informants interview were conducted to gather data from experts Yirba municipality, and Sidama Region Urban planning Institute. Secondary data sources such as document reviews of basic plan and strategic Plan of Yirba town, urban development policy and other legal documents were used for investigation purpose. GIS, Microsoft office word, and excel were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the analysis were presented in the form of maps, graph, chart, and tables. Descriptive and explanatory analysis research designs were employed. The results of analysis elucidates that conformance evaluation has vital contribution to avoid wastage of urban land and the best use of available space. The performance evaluation results make clear the overall achievement of urban plan for the stated town is low. Even though it is overlooked, the conformance evaluation that is conducted prior to the approval of the proposed plan and during implementation is crucial for preventing the wastage of urban land and significantly helps for proper implementation. A full-fledged performance evaluation is recommended before the commencement of new urban plan for the town. Conducting such performance evaluation helps identify the level of success or failure, and the gaps of the prior plan. Since action plans and phasing plans are tools for implementation, they must be developed in tandem with land use plans for the proper execution of urban plans. Urban planning is regarded to be a collaborative field. It necessitates cooperation of numerous teams or experts during the planning and execution stages.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.11
Jesus Lopez, Bernardo Ramirez, Clayton Pettit, C. Cruz-Noguez
Significant progress in the finite-element (FE) modeling at the member-level of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures under seismic excitation has been achieved in the past decades; however, reliable and accurate analysis models for full-scale 3D system-level RC structures validated with experimental data are scarce. As the development of a complete nonlinear model is expensive and time consuming, simpler models, typically elastic or lumped-plastic in nature, are employed in practice with additional provisions prescribed to account for nonlinear behavior. Depending on the assumptions made by the analyst, there may be substantial uncertainties related to the response of a complete structure. Capturing global failure modes is challenging, and the assessment of strength and ductility capacities may be inaccurate, resulting in potentially unsafe designs. The objective of this research is to assess the performance of simplified damage-based concrete biaxial models in analyzing and capturing the structural behavior of full-scale RC systems. Damage-based models for concrete require minor input from the analyst, facilitating their use in a design setting, while their explicit, non-conditional convergence formulations allow for non-iterative solutions. This results in damage-based models featuring efficient computational analysis while accounting for complex phenomena such as the capacity to account for stiffness recovery in reversal loading (crack closing) and permanent strains in the concrete. A comparison between analytical and experimental data at both the element- and system-levels is conducted, and a viable damage-based model is proposed for a full-scale structure analysis. The results of the study show that damage-based models are a viable alternative to developing efficient analysis models for elements and whole structures.
{"title":"Performance of Simplified Damage-Based Concrete Models in Seismic Applications","authors":"Jesus Lopez, Bernardo Ramirez, Clayton Pettit, C. Cruz-Noguez","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241204.11","url":null,"abstract":"Significant progress in the finite-element (FE) modeling at the member-level of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures under seismic excitation has been achieved in the past decades; however, reliable and accurate analysis models for full-scale 3D system-level RC structures validated with experimental data are scarce. As the development of a complete nonlinear model is expensive and time consuming, simpler models, typically elastic or lumped-plastic in nature, are employed in practice with additional provisions prescribed to account for nonlinear behavior. Depending on the assumptions made by the analyst, there may be substantial uncertainties related to the response of a complete structure. Capturing global failure modes is challenging, and the assessment of strength and ductility capacities may be inaccurate, resulting in potentially unsafe designs. The objective of this research is to assess the performance of simplified damage-based concrete biaxial models in analyzing and capturing the structural behavior of full-scale RC systems. Damage-based models for concrete require minor input from the analyst, facilitating their use in a design setting, while their explicit, non-conditional convergence formulations allow for non-iterative solutions. This results in damage-based models featuring efficient computational analysis while accounting for complex phenomena such as the capacity to account for stiffness recovery in reversal loading (crack closing) and permanent strains in the concrete. A comparison between analytical and experimental data at both the element- and system-levels is conducted, and a viable damage-based model is proposed for a full-scale structure analysis. The results of the study show that damage-based models are a viable alternative to developing efficient analysis models for elements and whole structures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.12
Muhammad Hossain, Shahriar Shakil, Hritu Barua, Kazi Shoeb
This research aims to forecast the service life of the flexible pavement in Bangladesh. The service life of flexible pavement is greatly affected by the climate and traffic load. Pavements are severely deteriorated by the overweight trucks, shortening their lifespan. The study aims to predict the service life of a flexible road using the PLAXIS 3D software. The PYTHON algorithm was utilized for the pre- and post-processing of new mechanistic empirical approach based on the AASHTO 2008 design standard. PLAXIS 3D was used for realistic soil & damage modelling and to obtain a reliable service life. Rajshahi City Bypass Nowhata Road was chosen as the study area for this study because the road condition of Nowhata is defected day by day and the number of moving vehicles with high axle load also increasing. This research has established to give the valid data to the authority according to the construction materials of flexible pavement to get better performance and proper use of materials. This road is constructed under the Road & Highway Department (RHD), Rajshahi Zone. This study shows realistic results based on temperature, soil data of subgrade and the materials property used in the PLAXIS 3D software and PYTHON programming language.
本研究旨在预测孟加拉国柔性路面的使用寿命。柔性路面的使用寿命受气候和交通负荷的影响很大。超重卡车会严重损坏路面，缩短其使用寿命。本研究旨在使用 PLAXIS 3D 软件预测柔性路面的使用寿命。根据 AASHTO 2008 设计标准，利用PYTHON 算法对新的力学经验方法进行前处理和后处理。PLAXIS 3D 用于建立真实的土壤和损坏模型，以获得可靠的使用寿命。拉杰沙希绕城公路 Nowhata 路被选为本研究的研究区域，因为 Nowhata 路的路况每天都在发生变化，而且高轴载行驶车辆的数量也在增加。这项研究的目的是根据柔性路面的施工材料向当局提供有效数据，以获得更好的性能和材料的合理使用。该道路由拉杰沙希区道路与公路局 (RHD) 负责建设。本研究根据温度、路基土壤数据以及 PLAXIS 3D 软件和PYTHON 编程语言中使用的材料属性得出了真实的结果。
{"title":"Pavement Service Life Prediction with PLAXIS 3D in Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Hossain, Shahriar Shakil, Hritu Barua, Kazi Shoeb","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to forecast the service life of the flexible pavement in Bangladesh. The service life of flexible pavement is greatly affected by the climate and traffic load. Pavements are severely deteriorated by the overweight trucks, shortening their lifespan. The study aims to predict the service life of a flexible road using the PLAXIS 3D software. The PYTHON algorithm was utilized for the pre- and post-processing of new mechanistic empirical approach based on the AASHTO 2008 design standard. PLAXIS 3D was used for realistic soil & damage modelling and to obtain a reliable service life. Rajshahi City Bypass Nowhata Road was chosen as the study area for this study because the road condition of Nowhata is defected day by day and the number of moving vehicles with high axle load also increasing. This research has established to give the valid data to the authority according to the construction materials of flexible pavement to get better performance and proper use of materials. This road is constructed under the Road & Highway Department (RHD), Rajshahi Zone. This study shows realistic results based on temperature, soil data of subgrade and the materials property used in the PLAXIS 3D software and PYTHON programming language.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"32 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.11
Ashraf Rahim, Amro Badawy, Travis Cox
Previous research indicated that nanomaterials have potential in improving pavement properties, particularly moisture resistance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of nanoclays in enhancing the resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to moisture damage and compared its performance to standard modifiers. Asphalt binder modified using four additives was tested using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) before and after being aged in a Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO): two surface-modified nanoclays and two liquid anti-stripping chemicals (HP+ and LOF 6500). The DSR and RTFO tests showed that the two nanoclays had a stiffening effect on the binder, while both liquid antistripping agents had the opposite effect, decreasing both the elastic and complex modulus of the binder. After RTFO aging, similar trends were observed, except the binder had become much stiffer in all cases. HMA designed employing the Superpave mix design procedure was tested for moisture sensitivity in accordance with AASHTO T-283. The dry tensile strength for the two nanoclays and LOF 6500 modified mixes were higher than the control mix. However, all modified mixes resulted in wet tensile strengths that were higher than the control. The tensile strength ratios for all modified mixes were also higher than the control and exceeded the Superpave mix design method minimum of 0.80. Evaluation of these additives in the field would further benefit asphalt pavement research.
{"title":"Surface-Modified Nanoclays for Enhancing Resistance to Moisture Damage in Hot Mix Asphalt","authors":"Ashraf Rahim, Amro Badawy, Travis Cox","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241203.11","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research indicated that nanomaterials have potential in improving pavement properties, particularly moisture resistance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of nanoclays in enhancing the resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to moisture damage and compared its performance to standard modifiers. Asphalt binder modified using four additives was tested using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) before and after being aged in a Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO): two surface-modified nanoclays and two liquid anti-stripping chemicals (HP+ and LOF 6500). The DSR and RTFO tests showed that the two nanoclays had a stiffening effect on the binder, while both liquid antistripping agents had the opposite effect, decreasing both the elastic and complex modulus of the binder. After RTFO aging, similar trends were observed, except the binder had become much stiffer in all cases. HMA designed employing the Superpave mix design procedure was tested for moisture sensitivity in accordance with AASHTO T-283. The dry tensile strength for the two nanoclays and LOF 6500 modified mixes were higher than the control mix. However, all modified mixes resulted in wet tensile strengths that were higher than the control. The tensile strength ratios for all modified mixes were also higher than the control and exceeded the Superpave mix design method minimum of 0.80. Evaluation of these additives in the field would further benefit asphalt pavement research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"124 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.14
Gemechu Mosisa
{"title":"Structural Performance Evaluation of Diversion Weir Structure: Case Study of Basaka Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Gemechu Mosisa","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"138 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.12
Lesanmi Ayokunle, C. Aigbavboa, Ngcobo Ntebo, D. Aghimien, Olubusola Adesominu
{"title":"Measures to Improve the Maintenance of University Buildings in Nigeria","authors":"Lesanmi Ayokunle, C. Aigbavboa, Ngcobo Ntebo, D. Aghimien, Olubusola Adesominu","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"103 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
Bulcha Assefa
{"title":"Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Bulcha Assefa","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"111 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.12
Hailemichael Debalke Damota, Abel Tesfaye, Anteneh Geremew
{"title":"An Experimental Investigation on the Causes of Flexible Pavement Failures: A Case Study on Tarcha - Yalo Road Section","authors":"Hailemichael Debalke Damota, Abel Tesfaye, Anteneh Geremew","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"362 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.11
Chuanyi Ma, Hongzheng Luo, Chuan Wang, Gaohang Lv
{"title":"A Method for Detecting the Spacing of Steel Arch Frames in Construction Tunnels Based on Three-Dimensional Laser Technology","authors":"Chuanyi Ma, Hongzheng Luo, Chuan Wang, Gaohang Lv","doi":"10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20231104.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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