Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.14
Garuma Negasa
The assessment process of surface irrigation has to integrate information about the suitability of the land; water resource availability and water requirements of irrigate able areas in time and place. Birbir River is one of well-known river found in western Ethiopia. The Birbir River is a tributary of the Baro-Akobo river basin, which creates Baro River when it joins with Gebba River. Ethiopia has immense potential in expanding irrigation using available water resources. But due to lack of information related to cultivable and irrigation suitability of the land, its agricultural system does not yet fully productive. Geographic Information System can be an effective tool in identifying irrigable land and mapping of suitable land for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the surface irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed using ArcGIS 10.3. Different methods of data processing and analysis have been employed in this study. The main suitability factors used to identify the potential irrigable land for surface irrigation were slope, soil texture, soil depth, soil type, soil drainage characteristics, land use, land cover and distance to water source. The consistency of rainfall and stream flow data were checked by double mass curve and the areal mean of rainfall and temperature data were determined by using Theissen polygon method whereas the irrigation water demands of the selected two crops (maize and potato) were calculated separately using FAO cropwat model. By weighting values of the seven factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process and overlaying by weighted overlay in ArcGIS 10.3, the irrigation suitability map was developed and potential irrigable land for surface irrigation was found to be 17%, 63% and 20% for highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), and marginally suitable (S3) respectively. Irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed was obtained by comparing monthly gross irrigation requirements of the identified land suitable for surface irrigation and the available 80% mean monthly dependable flows in the river catchments. The potential irrigable land that can be irrigated without provision of storage structures was found to be around 68,000 ha from the total of 106,223 ha suitable land for surface irrigation.
{"title":"GIS-Based Irrigation Potential Assessment for Surface Irrigation: The Case of Birbir River Watershed, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Garuma Negasa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.14","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment process of surface irrigation has to integrate information about the suitability of the land; water resource availability and water requirements of irrigate able areas in time and place. Birbir River is one of well-known river found in western Ethiopia. The Birbir River is a tributary of the Baro-Akobo river basin, which creates Baro River when it joins with Gebba River. Ethiopia has immense potential in expanding irrigation using available water resources. But due to lack of information related to cultivable and irrigation suitability of the land, its agricultural system does not yet fully productive. Geographic Information System can be an effective tool in identifying irrigable land and mapping of suitable land for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the surface irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed using ArcGIS 10.3. Different methods of data processing and analysis have been employed in this study. The main suitability factors used to identify the potential irrigable land for surface irrigation were slope, soil texture, soil depth, soil type, soil drainage characteristics, land use, land cover and distance to water source. The consistency of rainfall and stream flow data were checked by double mass curve and the areal mean of rainfall and temperature data were determined by using Theissen polygon method whereas the irrigation water demands of the selected two crops (maize and potato) were calculated separately using FAO cropwat model. By weighting values of the seven factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process and overlaying by weighted overlay in ArcGIS 10.3, the irrigation suitability map was developed and potential irrigable land for surface irrigation was found to be 17%, 63% and 20% for highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), and marginally suitable (S3) respectively. Irrigation potential of the Birbir river watershed was obtained by comparing monthly gross irrigation requirements of the identified land suitable for surface irrigation and the available 80% mean monthly dependable flows in the river catchments. The potential irrigable land that can be irrigated without provision of storage structures was found to be around 68,000 ha from the total of 106,223 ha suitable land for surface irrigation.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74170886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.13
F. Abdullah, Z. Islam, M. Asif, Sumon Ali
The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) specifies and regulates the general specifications for structural, architecture and design parameters in Bangladesh. In the last three decades, Civil Engineering techniques, knowledge and materials as well as design parameters have been modified as per requirement. As a consequence, BNBC 2010 was written to reflect the transition. In this study, a systematic and parametric structural analysis of a ten-story residential building was analyzed (ETABS 16.0.2 software) by using BNBC 1993 and BNBC 2020 for four different locations (Patuakhali, Chandpur, Rangpur and Moulovibazar) suited in several zones to demonstrate how lateral load affects structural analysis and design of high rise infrastructure. The decision making parameters for structural analysis and design are tremor and wind forces, story drift, wind and seismic shear, moment of unique beams and columns, and base shear for seismic forces according to BNBC 2020 vary significantly compared to BNBC 1993. In this study, the earthquake load varies from 7.42% to 59.78%, while wind force ranges from 19.16% to 36.14% in the x-direction and 49.51% to 63.78% for y-direction, and story drift for earthquake load ranges from 47.96% to 51.27% and for wind load ranges from 29.89% to 34.45%. The comparison of the aforesaid design parameters is depicted graphically, and relevant tables are presented in this research article. In comparison to BNBC 1993, the requirements of BNBC 2020 usually result in a less cost-effective design with a higher safety margin.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Lateral Load Analysis Considering Two BNBC Codes Using ETABS Software","authors":"F. Abdullah, Z. Islam, M. Asif, Sumon Ali","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) specifies and regulates the general specifications for structural, architecture and design parameters in Bangladesh. In the last three decades, Civil Engineering techniques, knowledge and materials as well as design parameters have been modified as per requirement. As a consequence, BNBC 2010 was written to reflect the transition. In this study, a systematic and parametric structural analysis of a ten-story residential building was analyzed (ETABS 16.0.2 software) by using BNBC 1993 and BNBC 2020 for four different locations (Patuakhali, Chandpur, Rangpur and Moulovibazar) suited in several zones to demonstrate how lateral load affects structural analysis and design of high rise infrastructure. The decision making parameters for structural analysis and design are tremor and wind forces, story drift, wind and seismic shear, moment of unique beams and columns, and base shear for seismic forces according to BNBC 2020 vary significantly compared to BNBC 1993. In this study, the earthquake load varies from 7.42% to 59.78%, while wind force ranges from 19.16% to 36.14% in the x-direction and 49.51% to 63.78% for y-direction, and story drift for earthquake load ranges from 47.96% to 51.27% and for wind load ranges from 29.89% to 34.45%. The comparison of the aforesaid design parameters is depicted graphically, and relevant tables are presented in this research article. In comparison to BNBC 1993, the requirements of BNBC 2020 usually result in a less cost-effective design with a higher safety margin.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86361966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.11
Mithun Chakrabartty, G. M. Harun-Or-Rashid
Today’s world is dependent on industrialization and without it the economic development of a country can hardly be considered. Therefore the rapid increase of industries around the world has upgraded the human life. But this industrialization has some impact of environment causing pollution. Industrial waste disposal, use of excessive fertilizer and other natural and human activities causes soil pollution, which is burning question nowadays. To protect environment and human beings from the bad effect of soil contamination is a great issue. This article focused on several remediation techniques for the removal of contaminants (hydrocarbons like- petroleum and fuel residues, heavy metals, pesticides, volatiles or semi-volatiles) from soil in situ and ex situ and their properties and applications. In this research it is tried to uncover the real scenario of the soil remediation technology. This remediation technology are classified as- physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and combined. For the selection of most suitable technique various factors are needed to be considered. Besides that, the research has discussed the advantages and drawbacks of each remediation techniques. It was observed that the efficiency of any single remediation technique is not well enough for the complete removal of all contaminants from soil whereas combination of remediation techniques brings better efficiency for soil purification.
{"title":"Feasibility Study of the Soil Remediation Technologies in the Natural Environment","authors":"Mithun Chakrabartty, G. M. Harun-Or-Rashid","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s world is dependent on industrialization and without it the economic development of a country can hardly be considered. Therefore the rapid increase of industries around the world has upgraded the human life. But this industrialization has some impact of environment causing pollution. Industrial waste disposal, use of excessive fertilizer and other natural and human activities causes soil pollution, which is burning question nowadays. To protect environment and human beings from the bad effect of soil contamination is a great issue. This article focused on several remediation techniques for the removal of contaminants (hydrocarbons like- petroleum and fuel residues, heavy metals, pesticides, volatiles or semi-volatiles) from soil in situ and ex situ and their properties and applications. In this research it is tried to uncover the real scenario of the soil remediation technology. This remediation technology are classified as- physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and combined. For the selection of most suitable technique various factors are needed to be considered. Besides that, the research has discussed the advantages and drawbacks of each remediation techniques. It was observed that the efficiency of any single remediation technique is not well enough for the complete removal of all contaminants from soil whereas combination of remediation techniques brings better efficiency for soil purification.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78934067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.14
Weiwei Sun, Qian Cai, Z. Long
The assessment of the dam failure consequences is fundamental to the dam risk assessment, and the linear weight sum method is generally used. The comprehensive evaluation of dam failure consequences involves many evaluation factors, the dimensions of each factor are inconsistent. The key is to determine the coefficient of the severity degree of dam failure consequences. Based on the traditional methods, a new severity degree coefficient model of the loss of life, economic losses, environmental impact, and social impact is established after taking the current laws and regulations, the range of the severity of the impact, the establishment of normalized function, the introduction of piecewise function and other factors into comprehensive consideration, and use analysis hierarchy process to obtain weight. Apply the improved linear weighting method to the level assessment and rank of the dam failure consequences of Changlong reservoir, Xialan reservoir, Shibikeng reservoir, Longshan reservoir and Lingtan reservoir in Jiangxi Province, and then determine the grade and rank of dam failure consequences according to the calculation results, analyze the corresponding results accurately combined with expertise. The evaluation results and analysis show that if dam failure occurs, the consequences of the five dams are all very serious, it belongs to extraordinarily serious accidents. The severity degree coefficient of dam failure consequences model can reflect the severity degree of dam failure consequences more objectively and reasonably, and it has clear concept, simple calculation, and intuitive process.
{"title":"Study on the Improved Severity Coefficient Model of Dam Break Consequence Assessment","authors":"Weiwei Sun, Qian Cai, Z. Long","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the dam failure consequences is fundamental to the dam risk assessment, and the linear weight sum method is generally used. The comprehensive evaluation of dam failure consequences involves many evaluation factors, the dimensions of each factor are inconsistent. The key is to determine the coefficient of the severity degree of dam failure consequences. Based on the traditional methods, a new severity degree coefficient model of the loss of life, economic losses, environmental impact, and social impact is established after taking the current laws and regulations, the range of the severity of the impact, the establishment of normalized function, the introduction of piecewise function and other factors into comprehensive consideration, and use analysis hierarchy process to obtain weight. Apply the improved linear weighting method to the level assessment and rank of the dam failure consequences of Changlong reservoir, Xialan reservoir, Shibikeng reservoir, Longshan reservoir and Lingtan reservoir in Jiangxi Province, and then determine the grade and rank of dam failure consequences according to the calculation results, analyze the corresponding results accurately combined with expertise. The evaluation results and analysis show that if dam failure occurs, the consequences of the five dams are all very serious, it belongs to extraordinarily serious accidents. The severity degree coefficient of dam failure consequences model can reflect the severity degree of dam failure consequences more objectively and reasonably, and it has clear concept, simple calculation, and intuitive process.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77097156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.13
Liang JingSen, Liao Muyun
National archaeological site parks are important for scientific protection and sustainable utilization of China's large ancient ruins. It is noteworthy that there is a lack of systematic analyses and dynamic strategies for the planning of archaeological sites parks, a lack of a comprehensive method for extracting earth surface information of archaeological sites, and especially a lack of post procedural research on how human beings transform the surrounding environment of the sites. The traditional research paradigm of archaeological site park planning based solely on archaeology or landscape architecture needs to be updated, as an interdisciplinary discipline, landscape archaeology has the research advantages of being more inclusive and restoring the original state of human land interaction between ancient human and ancient environment. This paper first explains the concept of landscape archaeology and the new vision of Chinese archaeological sites parks, and then, puts forward the lack of cultural connotation in spatial background, and the absence of dynamic thinking in temporal dimension through the analysis of existing domestic archaeological site park. And it is further explored from the “protection of authenticity ", "heritage cultural landscape reproduction", "protection and utilization", "dynamic monitoring" four levels. Finally, from the micro perspective, the paper puts forward a five-stage optimized framework of archaeological site park planning based on the perspective of landscape archaeology.
{"title":"National Archaeological Site Park Planning Based on Landscape Archaeology","authors":"Liang JingSen, Liao Muyun","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"National archaeological site parks are important for scientific protection and sustainable utilization of China's large ancient ruins. It is noteworthy that there is a lack of systematic analyses and dynamic strategies for the planning of archaeological sites parks, a lack of a comprehensive method for extracting earth surface information of archaeological sites, and especially a lack of post procedural research on how human beings transform the surrounding environment of the sites. The traditional research paradigm of archaeological site park planning based solely on archaeology or landscape architecture needs to be updated, as an interdisciplinary discipline, landscape archaeology has the research advantages of being more inclusive and restoring the original state of human land interaction between ancient human and ancient environment. This paper first explains the concept of landscape archaeology and the new vision of Chinese archaeological sites parks, and then, puts forward the lack of cultural connotation in spatial background, and the absence of dynamic thinking in temporal dimension through the analysis of existing domestic archaeological site park. And it is further explored from the “protection of authenticity \", \"heritage cultural landscape reproduction\", \"protection and utilization\", \"dynamic monitoring\" four levels. Finally, from the micro perspective, the paper puts forward a five-stage optimized framework of archaeological site park planning based on the perspective of landscape archaeology.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.12
Zelalem Mebrate
This research work was tries to study the risk management practice on public building construction projects and aims to identify the level that use of risk management practice especially in the public building. The data collection method was a combination of interview and questionnaire. Samples were purposively selected from clients, consultants, and contractors representatives who are now actively participating in public building construction projects. For this study, the data was collected using both primary and secondary sources. Depending on the data that was gathered from the respondent to test the level of awareness, identifying the Risk that affect the performance of public building construction project and major risk management practice on public building construction project are considered and the RII was used to rank the factors. This data was analyzed using SPSS of version 22 to perform descriptive statistics. A total of 75 questionnaires were targeted to be distributed and out of those 50 which is 66.67% are successfully responded. The finding from this study revealed that, about (52%) of the project progress is lagging from the schedule. Regarding the awareness of the risk management, (94%) of the respondents where confirmed that they have awareness of risk management ideologies and they are confident enough to implement their knowledge while, (6%) of them have no concept about the risk management. The top five risks that affect the performance of construction project have been identified and ranked. Accordingly; market condition, unexpected inflation, local taxes, inadequate production of raw materials, and the economic condition of country are the top five identified associated project risks.
{"title":"Study on Risk Management Practices on Public Building Construction Project: In Case of Eastern Wollega Zone","authors":"Zelalem Mebrate","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was tries to study the risk management practice on public building construction projects and aims to identify the level that use of risk management practice especially in the public building. The data collection method was a combination of interview and questionnaire. Samples were purposively selected from clients, consultants, and contractors representatives who are now actively participating in public building construction projects. For this study, the data was collected using both primary and secondary sources. Depending on the data that was gathered from the respondent to test the level of awareness, identifying the Risk that affect the performance of public building construction project and major risk management practice on public building construction project are considered and the RII was used to rank the factors. This data was analyzed using SPSS of version 22 to perform descriptive statistics. A total of 75 questionnaires were targeted to be distributed and out of those 50 which is 66.67% are successfully responded. The finding from this study revealed that, about (52%) of the project progress is lagging from the schedule. Regarding the awareness of the risk management, (94%) of the respondents where confirmed that they have awareness of risk management ideologies and they are confident enough to implement their knowledge while, (6%) of them have no concept about the risk management. The top five risks that affect the performance of construction project have been identified and ranked. Accordingly; market condition, unexpected inflation, local taxes, inadequate production of raw materials, and the economic condition of country are the top five identified associated project risks.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74186044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.11
Qiang Wang, Mingyuan Zhao, Lan-yong Zhao
In recent decades, landscape aesthetic evaluation has been one of the research hotspots in the field of Landscape Science and Ecology, and Landscape Science, Ecology and other related disciplines have been integrated at multiple levels in the research. In order to sort out and summarize the research process and results in the past decade, with a view to find future research trends, we retrieved and downloaded papers on landscape aesthetic evaluation from the WOS database and analyzed them using a bibliometric method based on mathematical statistics. We used Excel to perform a basic analysis of the growth trends in the number of articles, source journals and countries. Co-citation analysis, Cluster analysis, and Keyword co-occurrence analysis were performed with Citespace, and visual graphs were generated. Based on the combing of landscape aesthetic evaluation research, we analyzed and discussed the research frontier and its evolution, key literature and research hotspots, development trend and knowledge structure in this field, and conclude that: (1) the research in the field in recent decade can be divided into the period of theoretical foundation construction, research system improvement and diversified development, (2) Research methods have developed from mainly evaluating landscape photos to the comprehensive use of GIS, VR, Eye-tracking, EEG testing and other technological means, and (3) research hotspots have expanded from Ecology, Scenic beauty evaluation and Landscape management to Rural landscape, Urban public space and Land use, representing the future development trend.
{"title":"Visual Analysis of Landscape Aesthetic Evaluation Based on Bibliometric Methods","authors":"Qiang Wang, Mingyuan Zhao, Lan-yong Zhao","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, landscape aesthetic evaluation has been one of the research hotspots in the field of Landscape Science and Ecology, and Landscape Science, Ecology and other related disciplines have been integrated at multiple levels in the research. In order to sort out and summarize the research process and results in the past decade, with a view to find future research trends, we retrieved and downloaded papers on landscape aesthetic evaluation from the WOS database and analyzed them using a bibliometric method based on mathematical statistics. We used Excel to perform a basic analysis of the growth trends in the number of articles, source journals and countries. Co-citation analysis, Cluster analysis, and Keyword co-occurrence analysis were performed with Citespace, and visual graphs were generated. Based on the combing of landscape aesthetic evaluation research, we analyzed and discussed the research frontier and its evolution, key literature and research hotspots, development trend and knowledge structure in this field, and conclude that: (1) the research in the field in recent decade can be divided into the period of theoretical foundation construction, research system improvement and diversified development, (2) Research methods have developed from mainly evaluating landscape photos to the comprehensive use of GIS, VR, Eye-tracking, EEG testing and other technological means, and (3) research hotspots have expanded from Ecology, Scenic beauty evaluation and Landscape management to Rural landscape, Urban public space and Land use, representing the future development trend.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76233022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.13
Wenliang Han, Hong-fa Yu, Hai-yan Ma
The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is a weak part of concrete, which is the main reason that the mechanical properties of concrete are far lower than those of hardened cement paste and aggregate itself. In order to improve the mechanical properties of concrete ITZ, the effects of cement varieties, water-binder ratio, mineral admixtures and aggregate types on the strength of hardened cement paste-aggregate ITZ were studied by orthogonal test. A linear regression model between interfacial bonding splitting tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of hardened cement paste was proposed. The results show that the water-binder ratio has the greatest impact on the mechanical properties of ITZ, followed by aggregate. The interfacial bonding splitting tensile strength of five kinds of aggregate and cement paste is in the order of marble > coral > granite > basalt > quartzite. The optimal interface test combination is as follows: water-binder ratio 0.25, aggregate is marble, P•O52.5 cement, slag content 15%, fly ash content 20% and silica fume content 10%. The optimal cement slurry combination is: water-cement ratio 0.25, basic magnesium sulfate cement, slag content 15%, fly ash content 20% and silica fume content 10%. The linear regression model between interfacial bond splitting tensile strength and hardened cement paste splitting tensile strength is established by dividing aggregate, which is of great significance to study the law of interfacial strength.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Interface Strength Between Hardened Cement Paste-Aggregate","authors":"Wenliang Han, Hong-fa Yu, Hai-yan Ma","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is a weak part of concrete, which is the main reason that the mechanical properties of concrete are far lower than those of hardened cement paste and aggregate itself. In order to improve the mechanical properties of concrete ITZ, the effects of cement varieties, water-binder ratio, mineral admixtures and aggregate types on the strength of hardened cement paste-aggregate ITZ were studied by orthogonal test. A linear regression model between interfacial bonding splitting tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of hardened cement paste was proposed. The results show that the water-binder ratio has the greatest impact on the mechanical properties of ITZ, followed by aggregate. The interfacial bonding splitting tensile strength of five kinds of aggregate and cement paste is in the order of marble > coral > granite > basalt > quartzite. The optimal interface test combination is as follows: water-binder ratio 0.25, aggregate is marble, P•O52.5 cement, slag content 15%, fly ash content 20% and silica fume content 10%. The optimal cement slurry combination is: water-cement ratio 0.25, basic magnesium sulfate cement, slag content 15%, fly ash content 20% and silica fume content 10%. The linear regression model between interfacial bond splitting tensile strength and hardened cement paste splitting tensile strength is established by dividing aggregate, which is of great significance to study the law of interfacial strength.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78394445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.14
Garba Wokjira Fayisa, Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa
In the construction industry, construction material is one of the major cost components and it is 50% to 70% of the total construction cost. However, the industry generates 30%-65% of wastage for landfill. Effective use of construction material is profitable in the industry as well as in the economy of any country. However, material wastage management in construction are rarely studied by Ethiopian context. Hence, this research is aimed to investigate cause of construction material wastage and rank highly wasted construction material wastage on public building projects in western Oromia. The Study uses both primary and secondary data by structured questionnaires and case study (interviews and site visits). The research has covered a population of General and Building contractors from level one to three and their supervisor’s that are employed in western Oromia on public buildings. The purposive sampling techniques were used to collect the data and Analyzed and presented by mean score by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) and excel worksheets. The result of the study analyses, mostly causes of construction materials are; Changes made to the design while construction is in progress, Lack of attention paid to dimensional coordination of products, Damage during transportation, Improper planning for required quantities, Designer’s inexperience in method and sequence of construction. In addition, causes of construction material wastages are presented under seven attributes causes. As well as wastage of material on eight key construction, material are ranked as concrete, wooden formwork, block, and steel are most wasted by asking respondents based on their experience in the construction industry. Generally, wastage of material is highly occurred in every activity i.e. during design, construction and during the production of the material.
{"title":"Cause of Construction Material Wastage on Public Building Project in Western Oromia","authors":"Garba Wokjira Fayisa, Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.14","url":null,"abstract":"In the construction industry, construction material is one of the major cost components and it is 50% to 70% of the total construction cost. However, the industry generates 30%-65% of wastage for landfill. Effective use of construction material is profitable in the industry as well as in the economy of any country. However, material wastage management in construction are rarely studied by Ethiopian context. Hence, this research is aimed to investigate cause of construction material wastage and rank highly wasted construction material wastage on public building projects in western Oromia. The Study uses both primary and secondary data by structured questionnaires and case study (interviews and site visits). The research has covered a population of General and Building contractors from level one to three and their supervisor’s that are employed in western Oromia on public buildings. The purposive sampling techniques were used to collect the data and Analyzed and presented by mean score by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) and excel worksheets. The result of the study analyses, mostly causes of construction materials are; Changes made to the design while construction is in progress, Lack of attention paid to dimensional coordination of products, Damage during transportation, Improper planning for required quantities, Designer’s inexperience in method and sequence of construction. In addition, causes of construction material wastages are presented under seven attributes causes. As well as wastage of material on eight key construction, material are ranked as concrete, wooden formwork, block, and steel are most wasted by asking respondents based on their experience in the construction industry. Generally, wastage of material is highly occurred in every activity i.e. during design, construction and during the production of the material.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77274662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.12
Gonfa Erena, Dereje Adeba
Guder watershed is one of the watershed found in Blue Nile basin, central Ethiopia, mostly eroded area due to the widespread of agricultural land. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model interface of GIS environment to simulate sediment yield of the watershed at outlet. The stream flow was calibrated for ten years (1996-2005) and validated for seven years (2006-2012) at Guder gauging station using SWAT-CUP to check performance of the model. The model performance has been evaluated by using statistical parameters of coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (NSE) 0.92 and 0.80 respectively for calibration. Model validation results 0.83 and 0.65 for R² and NSE, respectively. Both calibration and validation results indicate that the measured values show good agreement with simulated flow. Sediment yield from each sub watershed were determined and prone soil erosion areas has been identified for management planning.
{"title":"Modeling Sediment Yield-Case Study Guder Watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Gonfa Erena, Dereje Adeba","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCE.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"Guder watershed is one of the watershed found in Blue Nile basin, central Ethiopia, mostly eroded area due to the widespread of agricultural land. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model interface of GIS environment to simulate sediment yield of the watershed at outlet. The stream flow was calibrated for ten years (1996-2005) and validated for seven years (2006-2012) at Guder gauging station using SWAT-CUP to check performance of the model. The model performance has been evaluated by using statistical parameters of coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (NSE) 0.92 and 0.80 respectively for calibration. Model validation results 0.83 and 0.65 for R² and NSE, respectively. Both calibration and validation results indicate that the measured values show good agreement with simulated flow. Sediment yield from each sub watershed were determined and prone soil erosion areas has been identified for management planning.","PeriodicalId":7606,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"96 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74525715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：