La Sante publique最新文献

The medical social and economic consequences of motor vehicle accidents in the infant population represent a major problem in public health. The present study was conceived as a descriptive epidemiological survey carried out retrospectively over a six-year period on the basis of case records. Potential risk factors related to accidents were: sex, social origin, age group, calendar month, day of the week, circumstances of the accident, parental supervision, location of the injury. In order to get a clearer image of how injuries are produced in traffic accidents, the collision of vehicles and pedestrians was studied in terms of bio-mechanics with special emphasis on the specific impact forces affecting pedestrians.

A 42-item questionnaire was used to interview 300 urban residents (working in two chemical plants) who suffered household accidents over the last two years. The main target was to identify the actual causes of these accidents. Findings suggest that accident-producing dysfunctions in the "Man--Non-Professional Environment" system were basically due to particular personal variables such as false mental models of success and lack of risk anticipation from underestimation of task-oriented gestures, prosexis deficit through lack of awareness, rigid work stereotypes and lack of safety constraints. The authors discuss the necessity of a systematic, adaptable educational programme.

The authors generalize on knowledge and experience gained over years of practical collaboration in sexual education in their capacity as doctors, and offer practical advice for pedagogical activities in sexual education for children and young people.

The stomatological component draft of the integrated programme regarding the prophylaxis of non-infectious chronic diseases in the Latvian SSR is shown. Authors describe the aims and tasks, the criteria regarding the attainment of objects, the strategy, the levels of action, the basic methods, the contingent, the stomatological component, the stages of introduction of the established measures and the plans of scientific research to be carried out in the framework of the proposed draft.

Epidemiological studies were conducted in Mongolia on 1,263 cases of cancer compared to 2,526 healthy controls in order to uncover risk factors for cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, lungs, liver and cervix of the uterus. Risk factors found included: consumption of large amounts of hot tea, or salted hot tea with roast flour and cereals, the habit of eating meat at the evening meals and eating half-chewed food (oesophageal cancer); meat at evening meals, eating hot food, hurried eating, consumption of stale foods, large amounts of hot tea, regular alcohol intake (gastric cancer); viral hepatitis, eating habits and alcohol intake (primary cancer of the liver); smoking, regular alcohol intake (alcohol drinkers tend to smoke heavily) (lung cancer); early menarche, repeated marriages, deliveries at early ages (before 18 years of age) and repeated deliveries.

The authors surveyed occupational accidents in the dairy industry in Saratov district, 1967-86. The survey covered the frequency of work accidents, risk factors for accidents at work and types of lesions. Data were subjected to dispersion analysis by an "ISKRA 226" computer. Finally, the authors discussed modalities for reducing accidents at work in the dairy industry.