La Sante publique最新文献

A complex study on general morbidity of the population residing in areas different both from economic and geographic viewpoints has been carried out in the Mongolian People's Republic. The results got from the processing of the data regarding the population's coming to the physician (addressability) and from the data on the complex medical check-ups (screening) brought about the following morbidity values: 1,449.6% with urban population, 1,582.7% with the population in aimak centers and of 1,342.3% with rural population. Within the morbidity structure, the prevalent diseases are: of the respiratory system, of the circulatory system, of the digestive tract, infectious diseases, and of the genital-urinary organs.

The paper is an ergonomic study of the sanitary and living conditions at the working place of fishers on long-distance fishing vessels, such as the trawler B-418/111 t/h "Bonito". The research was performed during the trip in the region of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Prophylactic examinations were carried out during 162 days on 77 members of the crew and the hygienic-sanitary conditions on the vessel were analysed. The ergonomic research included all the working places of the members of the crew (fishers on the deck, staff of the industrial processing rooms staff of the machine-rooms and attendant staff) and the following parameters were analysed according to the principles of ergonomics: the characteristics of working places and working conditions, the environmental factors, the anthropometric data of the crew and the physical and psychic stress, for the purpose of optimizing the working conditions according to the physical-psychic peculiarities of the members of the crew.

The frequency and severity of dental caries and periodontal diseases among the population of the Latvian SSR, as well as the risk factors which contribute to the development of these morbid processes were studied. It was found that dental caries are present in 98 per cent of pupils aged 12 years, the CFE index (Caries Filling Extraction Index) representing 6.7. Among adolescent aged 15 years, a healthy periodontium and a good hygienic state of the oral cavity were found only in 2 per cent. Taking into account the high frequency of these diseases, the primary prophylaxis programme of dental caries and periodontopathies was included as a component in the integrated WHO programme of prevention and control of noninfectious chronic diseases in the Latvian SSR.

The exertion and risk factors in relation with the state of health, with the psychophysiological reactivity and with the adaptation and fatigue symptomatology were studied by means of complex psychological, psychophysiological, medical) methods in two professional groups that perform an activity implying important mental and sensorial components: monotasterers and correctors, from three polygraphic enterprises and two publishing houses, totalling 167 subjects (74 monotasterers and 93 correctors). The ergonomic work analysis demonstrated that the exertion and risk factors are conditioned both by the contents of work and by the working environment. The occupational exertion is more complex in monotasterers (mental, sensorial and physical) and predominantly sensorial (visual) in correctors. The work hazards are especially brought about by overstraining of the attention and of the visual analyser, with consequences both on the health of workers and on the quality of production. The investigation of the state of health, of the psychophysiological reactivity, as well as of the adaptation and fatigue symptomatology has detected maladjustment and fatigue phenomena, with impairments of the psychosomatic balance, more marked in monotasterers. The suggestions regarding improvement measures were directed both towards aspects of medico-psychological prophylaxis and elements of corrective ergonomics.

The paper is aimed at finding the possibilities of increasing the quality of outpatient care, especially of home care and of the specific forms of specialized dispensary care. Authors emphasize the importance of organizing a unitary and long-term medical and social care for chronic, disabled and old patients. Likewise, they consider medical home-care as a basic principle of outpatient care--and important factor for the harmonious physical and mental development of men, for maintenance of working capacity.